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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ALBANY, NY 12234
Table A
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Name
Value
Standard Pressure
Unit
101.3 kPa
1 atm
Standard Temperature
kilopascal
atmosphere
273 K
0C
kelvin
degree Celsius
Table B
Physical Constants for Water
Heat of Fusion
334 J/g
Heat of Vaporization
2260 J/g
4.18 J/gK
Table C
Selected Prefixes
Factor
Prefix
Symbol
103
kilo-
10 1
deci-
10 2
centi-
10 3
milli-
10 6
micro-
10 9
nano-
10 12
pico-
Table D
Selected Units
Symbol
Name
Quantity
meter
length
gram
mass
Pa
pascal
pressure
kelvin
temperature
mol
mole
amount of
substance
joule
energy, work,
quantity of heat
second
time
min
minute
time
hour
time
day
time
year
time
liter
volume
ppm
concentration
molarity
solution
concentration
atomic mass
Table E
Selected Polyatomic Ions
Formula
Name
Formula
Name
H3O+
hydronium
CrO42
chromate
Hg22+
mercury(I)
Cr2O72
dichromate
NH4+
ammonium
MnO4
permanganate
C2H3O2
CH3COO
acetate
NO2
nitrite
CN
nitrate
cyanide
NO3
CO32
carbonate
O22
peroxide
HCO3
hydrogen
carbonate
OH
hydroxide
PO43
phosphate
C2O42
oxalate
SCN
thiocyanate
ClO
hypochlorite
SO32
sulfite
ClO2
chlorite
SO42
sulfate
ClO3
chlorate
HSO4
hydrogen sulfate
ClO4
perchlorate
S2O32
thiosulfate
Table F
Solubility Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions
Ions That Form
Soluble Compounds
Exceptions
Exceptions
Group 1 ions
(Li+, Na+, etc.)
carbonate (CO32)
ammonium (NH4+)
chromate (CrO42)
acetate (C2H3O2 or
CH3COO)
phosphate (PO43)
hydrogen carbonate
(HCO3)
sulfide (S2)
chlorate (ClO3)
hydroxide (OH)
nitrate (NO3)
halides
(Cl,
Br, I)
sulfates (SO42)
Table G
Solubility Curves at Standard Pressure
150.
KI
140.
NaNO3
130.
KNO3
120.
110.
100.
90.
80.
NH4Cl
70.
HCl
60.
KCl
50.
40.
NaCl
30.
KClO3
20.
NH3
SO2
10.
0
10.
20.
30.
40.
50.
60.
70.
80.
90.
100.
Temperature (C)
Table H
Vapor Pressure of Four Liquids
200.
propanone
ethanol
water
150.
ethanoic
acid
101.3 kPa
100.
50.
25
50.
75
100.
125
Table I
Heats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K
Reaction
CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
H (kJ)*
CO2(g) + 2H2O(!)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(!)
890.4
Table J
Activity Series**
Most
Active
Metals
Li
Nonmetals Most
Active
F2
2219.2
Rb
Cl2
2C8H18(!) + 25O2(g)
16CO2(g) + 18H2O(!)
10943
Br2
2CH3OH(!) + 3O2(g)
2CO2(g) + 4H2O(!)
1452
Cs
I2
C2H5OH(!) + 3O2(g)
2CO2(g) + 3H2O(!)
1367
Ba
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(!)
2804
Sr
566.0
Ca
393.5
Na
3351
Mg
+182.6
Al
2CO(g) + O2(g)
2CO2(g)
C(s) + O2(g)
CO2(g)
4Al(s) + 3O2(g)
2Al2O3(s)
N2(g) + O2(g)
2NO(g)
N2(g) + 2O2(g)
2NO2(g)
+66.4
Ti
2H2(g) + O2(g)
2H2O(g)
483.6
Mn
2H2(g) + O2(g)
2H2O(!)
571.6
Zn
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
91.8
Cr
2C(s) + 3H2(g)
C2H6(g)
84.0
Fe
2C(s) + 2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
+52.4
Co
+227.4
Ni
+53.0
Sn
K+(aq) + NO3(aq)
+34.89
Pb
Na+(aq) + OH(aq)
44.51
H2
NH4+(aq) + Cl(aq)
+14.78
Cu
+25.69
Ag
2C(s) + H2(g)
C2H2(g)
H2(g) + I2(g)
2HI(g)
H2O
KNO3(s)
NaOH(s)
H2O
NH4Cl(s)
H2O
NH4NO3(s)
NaCl(s)
LiBr(s)
H2O
H2O
H2O
NH4+(aq) + NO3(aq)
Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)
Li+(aq)
H+(aq) + OH(aq)
Br(aq)
H2O(!)
+3.88
48.83
55.8
Least
Active
Au
Least
Active
Table K
Common Acids
Formula
Table N
Selected Radioisotopes
Name
Nuclide
HCl(aq)
hydrochloric acid
HNO2(aq)
nitrous acid
HNO3(aq)
nitric acid
H2SO3(aq)
sulfurous acid
H2SO4(aq)
sulfuric acid
H3PO4(aq)
phosphoric acid
H2CO3(aq)
or
CO2(aq)
carbonic acid
CH3COOH(aq)
or
HC2H3O2(aq)
ethanoic acid
(acetic acid)
Table L
Common Bases
Formula
NaOH(aq)
sodium hydroxide
KOH(aq)
potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2(aq)
calcium hydroxide
NH3(aq)
aqueous ammonia
Table M
Common AcidBase Indicators
Indicator
Approximate
pH Range
for Color
Change
Color
Change
methyl orange
3.14.4
red to yellow
bromthymol blue
6.07.6
yellow to blue
phenolphthalein
89
Decay
Mode
Nuclide
Name
198Au
2.695 d
gold-198
14C
5715 y
carbon-14
37Ca
182 ms
calcium-37
60Co
5.271 y
cobalt-60
137Cs
30.2 y
cesium-137
53Fe
8.51 min
iron-53
220Fr
27.4 s
3H
12.31 y
hydrogen-3
8.021 d
iodine-131
37K
1.23 s
potassium-37
42K
12.36 h
potassium-42
85Kr
10.73 y
krypton-85
7.13 s
nitrogen-16
19Ne
17.22 s
neon-19
32P
14.28 d
phosphorus-32
131I
16N
Name
Half-Life
francium-220
239Pu
2.410 104 y
plutonium-239
226Ra
1599 y
radium-226
222Rn
3.823 d
radon-222
90Sr
29.1 y
strontium-90
99Tc
2.13 105 y
technetium-99
232Th
1.40 1010 y
thorium-232
233U
1.592 105 y
uranium-233
235U
7.04 108 y
uranium-235
238U
4.47 109 y
uranium-238
colorless to pink
litmus
4.58.3
red to blue
bromcresol green
3.85.4
yellow to blue
thymol blue
8.09.6
yellow to blue
Source: The Merck Index, 14th ed., 2006, Merck Publishing Group
Table O
Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry
Name
Notation
alpha particle
4 He
2
beta particle
0
1 e
Symbol
or 42
or 10
gamma radiation
0
0
neutron
1
0n
1H
1
or 11p
0
+1e
or +10
proton
positron
Table P
Organic Prefixes
Prefix
Number of
Carbon Atoms
meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-
hept-
oct-
non-
dec-
10
Table Q
Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons
Name
alkanes
Examples
General
Formula
Name
CnH2n+2
ethane
Structural Formula
H H
H C C H
H H
alkenes
alkynes
CnH2n
CnH2n2
ethene
ethyne
H
C C
H
H C
C H
Table R
Organic Functional Groups
Class of
Compound
Functional
Group
General
Formula
halide
(halocarbon)
F (fluoro-)
Cl (chloro-)
Br (bromo-)
I (iodo-)
R X
(X represents
any halogen)
alcohol
OH
OH
CH3CH2CH2OH
1-propanol
ether
O R
CH3OCH2CH3
methyl ethyl ether
aldehyde
ketone
organic acid
ester
amine
amide
CH3CHClCH3
2-chloropropane
O
C H
Example
CH3CH2C H
propanal
R C H
R C R
CH3CCH2CH2CH3
2-pentanone
C OH
R C O
R
R N R
O R
C NH
O
C O
CH3CH2C OH
propanoic acid
C OH
C NH
CH3CH2COCH3
methyl propanoate
CH3CH2CH2NH2
1-propanamine
O
CH3CH2C NH2
propanamide
P eriod
1
+1
1
1.00794
KEY
Group
6.941
Li
Na 12Mg
11
39.0983
19
85.4678
Rb
132.905
Sr
+2 44.9559
39
2-8-18-18-8-1
(223)
Fr
2-8-18-18-8-2
+1 (226)
-18-32-18-8-1
-18-32-18-8-2
Ti
2-8-10-2
+3 91.224
40
Zr
2-8-18-10-2
5
+2 50.9415
+3
+4
23
2-8-11-2
+4 92.9064
+2 51.996
+3
+4
+5
7
+2 54.9380
+3
+6
2-8-13-1
+3 95.94
+5
2-8-13-2
2-8-18-12-1
2-8-18-13-1
2-8-18-13-2
+6 186.207
72
73
74
75
Ta
-18-32-11-2
+3 (261)
+4 (262)
104
105
-18-32-18-9-2
Rf
11
+2 58.9332
+3
+2 58.693
+3
+2 63.546
+3
27
28
29
Co
2-8-15-2
+3 102.906
Ni
2-8-16-2
+3 106.42
12
+1 65.409
+2
2-8-18-15-1
+4 190.23
+6
+7
Re 76Os
-18-32-12-2
(266)
Ce
58
232.038
2-8-18-1
+2 107.868
+4
2-8-18-18-1
+3 192.217
+4
+3 195.08
+4
+2 196.967
+4
77
78
79
Ir
Pt
2-4
Al
2-8-3
+2 69.723
Group
14
Si
2-8-4
+3 72.64
2-8-18-2
+1 112.41
2-8-18-18-2
+1 200.59
+3
Au 80Hg
2-8-18-3
2-8-18-4
4 30.97376
+2
+4
2 35.453
+4
+6
15
16
17
1 39.948
+1
+5
+7
2-8-5
+2 74.9216
+4
2-8-18-5
+3 118.71
+2 121.760
+4
49
50
51
2-8-18-18-3
+1 204.383
+2
81
Tl
Sn
2-8-18-18-4
+1 207.2
+3
Pb
82
18
2-8
+2 114.818
In
17
2-7
2-5
+3 28.0855
16
3 15.9994
2
1
+1
+2
+3
+4 8
+5 2-6
3 32.065
+3
+5
4 14.0067
+2
+4
O
S
2-8-6
3 78.96
+3
+5
2-8-18-6
3 127.60
+3
+5
Sb 52Te
2-8-18-18-5
+2 208.980
+4
83
Bi
2-8-18-18-6
+3 (209)
+5
Po
84
2 18.9984
Cl
2-8-7
1 20.180
Ne
18
Ar
1 83.798
+1
+5
35
36
Br
2-8-18-7
2 126.904
+4
+6
2-8-18-18-7
+2 (210)
+4
85
Kr
Xe
54
(222)
At 86Rn
-18-32-17-1
-18-32-18-1
-18-32-18-2
-18-32-18-3
-18-32-18-4
-18-32-18-5
-18-32-18-6
-18-32-18-7
-18-32-18-8
(276)
(281)
(280)
(285)
(284)
(289)
(288)
(292)
(?)
(294)
60
+4 238.029
+5
91
92
+3 (237)
+4
+5
+6
+3 150.36
+2 151.964
+3
+2 157.25
+3
+3 158.925
+3 (244)
+4
+5
+6
+3 (243)
+4
+5
+6
+3 (247)
+4
+5
+6
+3 (247)
93
Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91st ed., 20102011, CRC Press
109
+4 231.036
0
+2
+4
+6
2-8-18-18-8
-18-32-15-2
59
0
+2
2-8-18-8
1 131.29
+1
+5
+7
(277)
+3 (145)
2-8-8
2 79.904
+4
+6
53
10
-18-32-14-2
+3 144.24
Th Pa
90
2-8-18-18
+3 12.011
15
(272)
+3 140.908
+4
Pr
He
-18-32-13-2
140.116
2-8-18-16-1
13
14
41
+5 183.84
*18-32-10-2
2-8-14-2
+4 101.07
+6
+7
+6 (98)
+4 180.948
Hf
+2 55.845
+3
+4
+7
10
Cr 25Mn 26Fe
24
+3 178.49
2-8-18-18-9-2
+2 (227)
Ra 89Ac
88
22
2-8-18-9-2
+2 138.9055
Cs 56Ba 57La
55
+3 47.867
2-8-9-2
+2 88.9059
2-8-18-8-2
+1 137.33
2-8-8-2
+1 87.62
38
26.98154
Ca 21Sc
37
87
10.81
Group
20
2-8-18-8-1
13
+2
2-8-2
+1 40.08
2-8-8-1
2-4
Electron Configuration
2-3
+1 24.305
2-8-1
Be
Atomic Number
+2
2-2
22.98977
4
+2
+4
Symbol
+1 9.01218
2-1
12.011
Atomic Mass
18
4.00260
+3 162.500
+3 164.930
Dy 67Ho
66
+3 (251)
+4
98
Cf
+3 (252)
+3 167.259
68
+3 168.934
+3 173.04
+2 174.9668
+3
+3
+3 (258)
+2 (259)
+3
+2 (262)
+3
+3
+3 (257)
99
Lr
103
10
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Atomic Symbol
Number
1086
1402
1314
1681
2081
1312
2372
520.
900.
801
krypton
rubidium
strontium
yttrium
zirconium
gallium
germanium
arsenic (gray)
selenium (gray)
bromine
iron
cobalt
nickel
copper
zinc
scandium
titanium
vanadium
chromium
manganese
1351
403
549
600.
640.
579
762
944
941
1140.
762
760.
737
745
906
633
659
651
653
717
sodium
496
magnesium
738
aluminum
578
silicon
787
phosphorus (white) 1012
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
hydrogen
helium
lithium
beryllium
boron
Name
First
Ionization
Energy
(kJ/mol)
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.6
3.0
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
2.6
3.2
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
4.0
2.2
1.0
1.6
2.0
Electronegativity
116
312
1050.
1795
2128
303
1211
1090.
494
266
1811
1768
1728
1358
693
1814
1941
2183
2180.
1519
388
172
84
337
1115
371
923
933
1687
317
63
54
53
24
14
454
1560.
2348
Melting
Point
(K)
Table S
Properties of Selected Elements
120.
961
1655
3618
4682
2477
3106
958
332
3134
3200.
3186
2835
1180.
3109
3560.
3680.
2944
2334
718
239
87
1032
1757
1156
1363
2792
3538
554
77
90.
85
27
20.
4
1615
2744
4273
Boiling*
Point
(K)
0.003425
1.53
2.64
4.47
6.52
5.91
5.3234
5.75
4.809
3.1028
7.87
8.86
8.90
8.96
7.134
2.99
4.506
6.0
7.15
7.3
2.00
0.002898
0.001633
0.89
1.54
0.97
1.74
2.70
2.3296
1.823
0.001145
0.001308
0.001553
0.000825
0.000082
0.000164
0.534
1.85
2.34
Density**
(g/cm3)
116
215
190.
176
164
123
120.
120.
118
117
124
118
117
122
120.
159
148
144
130.
129
104
100.
101
200.
174
160.
140.
124
114
109
75
71
64
60.
62
32
37
130.
99
84
Atomic
Radius
(pm)
11
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
radon
francium
radium
actinium
thallium
lead
bismuth
polonium
astatine
osmium
iridium
platinum
gold
mercury
hafnium
tantalum
tungsten
rhenium
barium
lanthanum
0.9
1.1
2.1
2.1
2.7
2.6
0.8
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.6
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
1000.
1193
904
723
387
161
302
1828
1235
594
430.
505
2750.
2896
2430.
2606
2237
Melting
Point
(K)
1037
393
509
499
589
716
703
812
814
865
864
890.
1007
659
728
759
756
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
202
300.
969
1323
577
600.
544
527
575
3306
2719
2041
1337
234
2506
3290.
3695
3458
503
538
831
869
1008
1170.
376
804
731
868
558
709
652
684
702
710.
720.
Electronegativity
antimony (gray)
tellurium
iodine
xenon
cesium
palladium
silver
cadmium
indium
tin (white)
niobium
molybdenum
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
Name
First
Ionization
Energy
(kJ/mol)
211
3471
1746
2022
1837
1235
5285
4701
4098
3129
630.
4876
5731
5828
5869
2170.
3737
1860.
1261
457
165
944
3236
2435
1040.
2345
2875
5017
4912
4538
4423
3968
Boiling*
Point
(K)
Source: CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physics, 91st ed., 20102011, CRC Press
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
41
42
43
44
45
Atomic Symbol
Number
0.009074
5
10.
11.8
11.3
9.79
9.20
22.587
22.562
21.5
19.3
13.5336
13.3
16.4
19.3
20.8
3.62
6.15
6.68
6.232
4.933
0.005366
1.873
12.0
10.5
8.69
7.31
7.287
8.57
10.2
11
12.1
12.4
Density**
(g/cm3)
146
242
211
201
144
145
150.
142
148
136
132
130.
130.
132
164
158
150.
141
206
194
140.
137
136
136
238
130.
136
140.
142
140.
156
146
138
136
134
Atomic
Radius
(pm)
Table T
Important Formulas and Equations
d = density
m = mass
V = volume
m
V
Density
d=
Mole Calculations
number of moles =
Percent Error
% error =
Percent Composition
% composition by mass =
given mass
gram-formula mass
mass of part
100
mass of whole
mass of solute
1 000 000
mass of solution
Concentration
moles of solute
liter of solution
molarity =
P1V1
T1
P2V2
T2
Titration
MAVA = MBVB
Heat
q = mCT
q = mHf
q = mHv
Temperature
K = C + 273
P = pressure
V = volume
T = temperature
MA = molarity of H+
MB = molarity of OH
VA = volume of acid
VB = volume of base
q = heat
Hf = heat of fusion
m = mass
Hv = heat of vaporization
C = specific heat capacity
T = change in temperature
K = kelvin
C = degree Celsius
12