Why do we breathe?

RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Epiglottis

Bronchi

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR

TRACHEA

Bronchioles

Examination of A Mammalian Lung

A.Read instructions in the handout. Dissect and observe the lung.
B.Note down observations in your handout. C.Answer assigned question (refer to handout).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621P rrO0&feature=player_embedded

Procedure:
1. Locate the trachea. What do you observe about its structure? What other structures are found near the trachea? 2. Follow the trachea down to locate the right and left bronchus. Note size difference between trachea and bronchi. 3. Feel the texture of the lungs. Gently squeeze them. What makes them feel like this? Compare the texture of the lung tissue with the trachea. Why are they built of different tissue? 4. Are the two lungs of the same size? 5. What do the lungs contain? You may not be able to identify specific structuresremember the alveoli are very small (however, when spread out ,they cover the size of a tennis court. THINK!! Surface area). Describe the tissue. 6. Locate the position of the heart- you will see the severed arteries and veins. Do you think there is a relationship between the large tube lying between the lungs and the severed arteries/veins? Can you name this tube? 7. Look more carefully at the cut edge of the lung. Examine it carefully. Is there a structure that covers the lungs?

POST-LAB : Lung Dissection

Part A: Group discussion 1. Answer guide questions re: Lung dissection. 2. Write statement re: assigned question on A3 paper. 3. Present to the class. Part B: Summary discussion 1. Summarize lung structure, behavior and interconnection

2. Complete systems chart.

http://www.purpose games.com/game/hu man-respiratorysystem-quiz

Normal Lung

Smokers Lung- 1 pack for 20 years

http://sdfs.ucps.k12.nc.us/images/Lungs.htm

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Explain how the design of the following structures relates to its behavior. a. Why is the trachea made up of rings of cartilage? b. What is the main difference between the esophagus and the trachea? c. Do the bronchi have cartilage reinforcing? Explain. 2. The lung is an ideal structure for gas exchange in land-based organisms. Describe the feel and appearance of the lung tissue. Why is it made of spongy tissue? What other features make the lung efficient in breathing? 3. One function of the small intestine is to absorb food. One function of the lungs is to absorb oxygen. Point out the basic similarities in these two structures that help to speed up the process of absorption. 4. Trace the pathway of air as it enters the nasal passages to the lungs and back. 5. Name the small air sac where O2 and CO2 are exchanged. Describe changes in blood composition as these gases pass through these structures in the lungs.

6. Describe the process of breathing. What scientific concept allows us to take in air from the outside environment and back?

If you were to design an efficient breathing system, what would the requirements be?

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body

FUNCTION

RESPIRATION
External Internal

Between environment and lungs

Between blood and cell

http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html

RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Epiglottis

Bronchi

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR

TRACHEA

Bronchioles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0 Respiration Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfqxbwbj w00&feature=related Lab grown lung

Building A Model Lung

1. Design your own working model of the lung using the materials given below: transparent plastic bottle, balloon, rubber sheet (plastic glove), clay, Y-tube, tape/ rubber band, other accessories 2. Complete the handout for the model building activity.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQf2DZ3JOHw Lung Inflation

Read more.. Click on this link http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/10/john.prestwick/

DIAPHRAGM
Dome-shaped muscle attached to rib cage that contracts& flattens out during breathing

Observe what happens to the diaphragm.

PRESSURE
force of air pressing down

Less air particles- Low air pressure

More air particles- High air pressure

High to Low Pressure (Many to Less)

How do you change the pressure?

Air pressure (inside balloon

Air pressure (empty space)

Air pressure (outside air)

Breathing The Lungs

Breathing animation

"nature hates a vacuum"

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

Breathing in - inhaling
Rib cage
expands

Diaphragm
moves downward

Pressure
reduces inside lung

Result air is drawn into the lungs

Breathing out - exhaling

Rib cage
contracts

Diaphragm
moves upward / inward

Pressure
increases inside lung

Result air is pushed out of the lung

BREATHING

Breathing The Lungs

Breathing animation

Write a paragraph explanation/ summary on how breathing works. Discuss the role of the ribcage and the diaphragm and how these creates a pressure difference so breathing can take place.

"nature hates a vacuum"

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

Air Composition
Inhaled air
Nitrogen N2 79% Oxygen O2 20% CO2 0.04% Others - 0.96%

Exhaled air
Nitrogen N2 79% Oxygen O2 16% CO2 4% Others - 1%

Breathing The Alveoli

Diffusion
The movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html

http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html

DIFFUSION

CO2 and O2 exchanged at the same time

Alveoli

venule
(deoxygenated blood)

arteriole
(oxygenated blood)

Breathing The Alveoli

Breathing in
To the heart

Breathing out
low concentration of carbon dioxide
From the heart
CO2
CO2 CO2

high concentration of oxygen

O2 O2 O2 O O2 2

CO2 CO2

low concentration of oxygen

high concentration of carbon dioxide

Diffusion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrm KTSA&feature=related

Respiration
Food + Oxygen CO2 + water + ENERGY

Glucose + O2 CO2 + water + ENERGY

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy