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Chirp Pulse Compression in NonCoherent ImpulseRadio UltraWideband Detection Without Waveform Signature Estimation

Igor Dotli and Ryu Miura c


National Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Japan

The 15th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

WPMC 12

1 / 19

Outline

Outline
1

Introduction Problem denition Our solution Analytical Model IRUWB signaling strategies The chirp pulse waveform Chirp Pulse Compression Detection methods Numerical Analysis System parameters Performance in noise. Multiuser interference performance Conclusions
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 2 / 19

Introduction

Outline
1

Introduction Problem denition Our solution Analytical Model IRUWB signaling strategies The chirp pulse waveform Chirp Pulse Compression Detection methods Numerical Analysis System parameters Performance in noise. Multiuser interference performance Conclusions
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 3 / 19

Introduction

Problem denition

Problem denition
Low data rate ImpulseRadio UltraWideband (IRUWB) is gaining attention of the industry
IEEE 802.15.62012 Body Area Network (BAN) standard. IEEE 802.15.4f2012 standard for active RadioFrequency Identication (RFID).

PHY Specications made having in mind receivers that are in most cases suboptimal.
Noncoherent. Little of channel information. Without channel equalization.

Performance of these receivers deteriorates with an increase of the dimension, i.e. timebandwidth product of a signal in detection. Dimension of the transmitted symbol waveform typically increases with the decrease of the symbol rate.
Larger dimension of the received waveform poorer detection performance.
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 4 / 19

Introduction

Our solution

Our solution

A classic remedy for this is the matchltering pulse compression technique usually done in SAW technology.
IRUWB SAW lter implementation is technologically challenging.

We proposed chirp pulse compression in which doesnt require SAW.


It can be utilized if the transmitted waveform is a linear chirp pulse.

As we shown before chirp pulse compression does reduce the number of samples in the digital domain of the DPSK IRUWB receivers without performance loss. It is also applicable to the noncoherent detection techniques without symbol signature estimation. Such performance analysis is the subject of this paper.

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

WPMC 12

5 / 19

Analytical Model

Outline
1

Introduction Problem denition Our solution Analytical Model IRUWB signaling strategies The chirp pulse waveform Chirp Pulse Compression Detection methods Numerical Analysis System parameters Performance in noise. Multiuser interference performance Conclusions
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 6 / 19

Analytical Model

IRUWB signaling strategies

IRUWB signaling strategies

on time

o time t

t Tsym Tw

Figure: Classic IRUWB signaling (upper). IRUWB signaling strategy employed by IEEE 802.15 standards (lower).

Tw = Tsym DC . For all parts of the packet at all data rates DC = 1/32. For low data rates Tw becomes high, producing high signal dimension M = Tw fc .

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

WPMC 12

7 / 19

Analytical Model

The chirp pulse waveform

Linear chirp pulse

c(t) = exp j2 f0T t + f0T carrier frequency, Tw duration, fc frequency sweep,

Kc 2 t 2

w (t, Tw /2, Tw /2).

(1)

w (t, t1 , t2 ) rectangular window function, Kc chirping slope: Kc =


fc Tw .

In this work we will use fc = 520 MHz, as prescribed by the IEEE 802.15.6 standard. Signal c(t) (1) is DBPSK or binary PPM modulated.

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

WPMC 12

8 / 19

Analytical Model

Chirp Pulse Compression

Chirp Pulse Compression

rk (t)

vk (t)

hBP (t)

sk (t)

Detection

rk (t)

vk (t)

hBP (t)

sk (t)

Detection

f0R

Tone pulse generator

f0R

Chirp pulse generator

(a) Receiver without pulse compression.

(b) Chirp receiver.

Figure: Heterodyne receiver architectures considered.

f (t) fc Tw Transmitted signal


Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

f (t) fc t Tw Received signal t


fc Tw

f (t)

Tw Tw t

Signal after mixing


WPMC 12 9 / 19

Figure: Principles of Pulse Compression Chirp the chirp pulse compression.

Analytical Model

Chirp Pulse Compression

Chirp Pulse Compression Analytics


+

v0 (t, R ) =

hc (, R ) exp [2j (Kc (R ) t)] (2)

w (t, max{, R } Tp /2, min{, R } + Tp /2) d, where hc (, R ) is a chirpmodulated version of the channel impulse response Kc 2 2 hc (, R ) = hc ( )e2j [f0 (R ) 2 (R )] . Assume Tp , in (2) w (t, max{, R } Tp /2, min{, R } + Tp /2) w (t, R Tp /2, R + Tp /2).

(3)

v0 (t, R ) exp (2jKc R t) Hc (Kc t, R ) w (t, R Tp /2, R + Tp /2) , (4) where Hc (f , R ) represents a Fourier transform of hc (, R ).
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 10 / 19

Analytical Model

Chirp Pulse Compression

Chirp Pulse Compression Analytics (contd.)


Now, applying Fourier transform to (4) yields V0 (f , R ) 2Tp exp (2jf R ) hc Kc f Kc + Dimension of the signal after mixing is TBv = f Tp fc + 1. Since duration of the signal r0 (t) is Tp + and assumption made was Tp , the dimension of r0 (t) would approximately be TBr TBc = fc Tp . (8) (7) R 1 . Tp f , R Kc sinc (fTp ) , (5) (6)

Signal after mixing is compressed approximately Tp / times compared to the received signal.
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 11 / 19

Analytical Model

Detection methods

Detection methods
Detection methods that do not include symbol signature estimation DBPSK modulation SDPSK detection BPPM modulation EDPPM detection. S-DPSK detection dk = sH sk . k1 EDPPM detection dk = s1 k Probability of error: 1 1 Pe = + 2M1 2 2
M m=1 2

(9) (10)

s0 k

2M m [Qm (0, b t ) Qm (b t , 0)]. (11) M m

M signal dimension, t = (Eb /N0 )s , Qm (, ) generalized Marcum Qfunction of mth order. b = 1 for EDPPM; b = 2 for SDPSK.
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 12 / 19

Numerical Analysis

Outline
1

Introduction Problem denition Our solution Analytical Model IRUWB signaling strategies The chirp pulse waveform Chirp Pulse Compression Detection methods Numerical Analysis System parameters Performance in noise. Multiuser interference performance Conclusions
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 13 / 19

Numerical Analysis

System parameters

System parameters

Tsym = 8.704 s, Tp = 272 ns, From the IEEE 802.15.6 standard


Hopping sequences. Chirp frequency sweep fc = 520 MHz. DC = Tp /Tsym = 1/32

The value of Tp chosen is high enough for the chirp pulse compression to have a signicant impact on M. All simulations done on IEEE 802.15.4a CM2 at f0 = 8 GHz. In the receiver without pulse compression signal dimension is M = 136. In the chirp receiver signal dimension is M = 16.

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

WPMC 12

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Numerical Analysis

Performance in noise.

Performance in noise
100 ED-PPM, sim. 10
1

ED-PPM, theory ED-PPM & chirp comp., sim. ED-PPM & chirp comp., theory S-DPSK, sim. S-DPSK, theory S-DPSK & chirp comp., sim. S-DPSK & chirp comp., theory DPSK, sim. DPSK, theory DPSK & chirp comp., sim. DPSK & chirp comp., theory

10

10 Pe 10

105 106 107

10

15

20

25

(Eb /N0 )r (dB)

Figure: Performance of modulation/detection pairs considered in noise.


Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 15 / 19

Numerical Analysis

Multiuser interference performance

Multiuser interference performance


100 no compression and EDBPPM, chirp interf. 10
1

no compression and EDBPPM, burst interf. chirp compression and EDBPPM, chirp interf. chirp compression and EDBPPM, burst interf. no compression and SDBPSK, chirp interf. no compression and SDBPSK, burst interf. chirp compression and SDBPSK, chirp interf. chirp compression and SDBPSK, burst interf.

10

103 Pe 104 105 106 107

10

20

30

40

Number of interfering transmitters

Figure: Performance in multiuser interference.


Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 16 / 19

Conclusions

Outline
1

Introduction Problem denition Our solution Analytical Model IRUWB signaling strategies The chirp pulse waveform Chirp Pulse Compression Detection methods Numerical Analysis System parameters Performance in noise. Multiuser interference performance Conclusions
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 17 / 19

Conclusions

Conclusions

SDBPSK performs better than EDBPPM in all scenarios considered. If good performance in Multisystem scenarios is essential, SDBPSK should be used. The chirp pulse compression is useful technique in lowdata rate detection.
In digital detection implementations (SDBPSK) of example system it reduces implementation complexity from M = 136 to M = 16 complex samples. For both SDPSK and EDPPM there is signicant performance gain. For these reasons the chirp pulse IRUWB waveform is included in IEEE 802.15.6 BAN standard.

Dotli and Miura (NICT) c

Chirp Pulse Compression

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18 / 19

Conclusions

http:\igor-dotlic.appspot.com
I. Dotli and R. Kohno. c Low Complexity Chirp Pulsed Ultra-Wideband System with Near-Optimum Multipath Performance. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 10(1):208 218, January 2011. I. Dotli and R. Miura. c IEEE 802.15.6 DPSK Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband Physical Layer: Receiver Architectures and Interference Performance. Springer International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 185 192, 2012. I. Dotli and R. Kohno. c Application of IEEE 802.15.6 IR-UWB physical layer for medical BAN. International Journal of Ultra Wideband Communications and Systems (IJUWBCS) - Special Issue on Applications of Ultra WideBand Technology in Healthcare, 2011.
Dotli and Miura (NICT) c Chirp Pulse Compression WPMC 12 19 / 19

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