Belderg Beg

Archaeological Excavations at
Belderg Beg (E109)

Stratigraphic Report
Seamas Caulfield
Gretta Byrne, Martin Downes, Noel Dunne Graeme Warren, Stuart Rathbone, David McIlreavy and Patrick Walsh
UCD School of Archaeology
Irish National Strategic Archaeological Research Fund 2009 INSTAR: GRANT No. 16710 November 2009 Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo
Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo 2009: Belderg Beg Stratigraphic Report
Table of Contents
1. General Information .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Background and Methodology ..................................................................................... 3 2 Site Location & Description ................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Location....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Description of site ........................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Aims and Methodology ................................................................................................ 5 3. Results:............................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Stratigraphy ................................................................................................................. 8 Area A............................................................................................................................ 8 Area B.......................................................................................................................... 11 Area C ......................................................................................................................... 24 Area D ......................................................................................................................... 27 Area E.......................................................................................................................... 29 Area F.......................................................................................................................... 30 Area G ......................................................................................................................... 33 Area H ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Overview of Artefacts................................................................................................. 34 3.3 Samples and Palaeoenvironmental evidence ............................................................ 35 3.4 Dating ....................................................................................................................... 36 4. Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Summary of phasing.................................................................................................. 37 Neolithic ....................................................................................................................... 37 Bronze Age .................................................................................................................. 38 4.2 The Site in Context .................................................................................................... 40
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The Neolithic................................................................................................................ 40 The Second and First Millennia BC .............................................................................. 44 4.3 Overview ................................................................................................................... 49 5. Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 53 6. Figures............................................................................................................................ 56 7. Appendices ..................................................................................................................... 66 Appendix One: Feature Register ..................................................................................... 66 Appendix Two: Photographic Register............................................................................. 87 Prints ............................................................................................................................... 87 Negatives ........................................................................................................................ 90 Appendix Three: Drawing Register .................................................................................. 93 Appendix Four: Finds Register ........................................................................................ 98 Appendix Five: Sample Register.................................................................................... 168
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1. General Information
1.1. Introduction
The following report contains a detailed account of the excavations concentrated on the site of a roundhouse and surrounding field systems at Belderg Beg at various times between 1971 and 1982 (E109). The director of the sites logged summary accounts of the excavations which can be found under www.excavations ie. Funding for the excavations came from a variety of sources, but did not provide for post-excavation analysis, and as a consequence, it has been difficult to develop the archives for full publication. In 2009 grant support through INSTAR has enabled the Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo project to work on these materials and make considerable progress towards publication of the sites
1.2 Background and Methodology

The Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo (NBNM) project aims to bring to full publication critically important aspects of the Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeology of North Mayo. The overarching aims of the project address four areas: Noel Dunnes survey work on the Pollatomish peninsula; Seamas Caulfields survey/excavation in Belderrig; survey and excavation by varied parties at Cide Fields; and Gretta Byrnes survey/excavation from Ballinglen to Rathlackan. Individually these are important sites and/or landscapes, taken as a whole they are of international significance in terms of understanding early agricultural communities in north-west Europe. Furthermore, the buried landscapes of the Cide Fields are iconic for Irish archaeology and a state candidate for World Heritage Site status. The project builds on the success of the Cide Fields work in outreach, and remedies the lack of full academic publication. Our model is for a three year project resulting in: an academic monograph detailing results of survey, excavation and further specialist work full excavation reports and archives deposited with the relevant authorities a book targeted at the general public outlining the nature, significance and future of these archaeological landscapes
At present, funding has been obtained for the first year of this project which focuses on preparing stratigraphic accounts of all of the excavations, archiving materials, generating basic catalogues and processing relevant samples. The enclosed reports outline the results of this project. The specific excavations included in this proposal are: Belderg Beg (Caulfield), Behy ( Nuallin), Glenulra Enclosure (Caulfield), Cide Visitor Centre (Byrne and Dunne), Glenulra Scatter (Byrne), Rathlackan Court Tomb (Byrne). Project partners include Seamas Caulfield, Gretta Byrne, Martin Downes,Noel Dunne and Graeme Warren (Project Coordinator). Grant support for 2009 enabled us to hire two research assistants, Mr Stuart Rathbone and Mr David McIlreavy and a research fellow, Mr Patrick Walsh. These three researchers were based in Belderrig from August-Nov 2009
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The nature of the archives encountered by this current phase of analysis varied. The earlier excavations took place in a different archaeological framework: single context recording was not carried out, and expectations of the scale and character of recording were very different to today. In general for the earlier excavations, the written archive is poor, but the recollections of the excavator, alongside a good photographic and drawn record, has enabled a good level of reconstruction of stratigraphy. The more recent excavations have a more complete archive, and here we have focused on synthesising the annual reports previously presented. For the earlier excavations the first phase of analysis has been to create a synthetic working plan of the site and assign context numbers as appropriate. These were then used to create a stratigraphic narrative. Within the constraints of the budget for this phase we have not been able to fully reconstruct the coordinate systems used in the excavations which means that many finds are still not directly associated with a context. When the spatial information is available these designations will be made. Illustrations: This phase of the project did not attempt to create any final illustrations for publication, consequently, the images reproduced here are not those that would accompany a final report. They include plates and a range of line drawings, some fully inked up, some still in pencil. In as far as is possible these images have been presented to a high standard, but many require formal digitising and standardisation which it has not been possible to undertake at this stage. Likewise, for some sites, an overall spatial plan has not been produced, and we rely on the original location maps produced by the excavators. Artefacts/Samples: as part of the analysis all artefacts and samples were catalogued by David McIlreavy. These catalogues are preliminary only, and in all instances the material requires specialist analysis. For lithics a broad classification was utilised by DMI comprising tools (formal retouched objects), blades/flakes/cores and finally small production waste (debitage, informally defined): these terminologies are not those used in standard lithic analysis. Ceramics, in particular, present some challenges, as many pieces are highly degraded. All artefacts are formally labelled and boxed according to NMI standard. Samples have been catalogued and a preliminary assessment of their quality made. Radiocarbon dates: unless stated otherwise, all radiocarbon dates are quoted at 95% confidence intervals and have been calibrated with Oxcal 3.10
2 Site Location & Description

2.1 Location
The archaeological site is located on the North Mayo coast, approximately 30km east of Belmullet and 45km west of Ballina and lies in the townland of Belderg Beg, Co. Mayo (Figure 1). The north Mayo coast from Belderrig to Killala Bay is highly varied, with complex geological and geomorphological sequences. In the west extensively deformed preCambrian metamorphics form the core of the landscape (Sleeman 1992), which is characterised by rounded hills, sharp cliffs and bleak bog-filled basins and wet podsol soils. Approximately half way between Belderrig and the Cide Fields, these schists give way to a
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variety of Carboniferous limestones and sand/siltstones. Hill and plateaux peat is present in the uplands, with blanket peat extending down the hills, but in the lowlands the land is of higher quality; with brown earth soils in the Ballyglass region and grey brown podzolic soils near Ballycastle. Geologically, Belderrig is therefore dominated by quartzites and psammitic schists (metamorphosed sandstones), with intrusive veins of Caledonian igneous metadolerite. Horse Island, c 2km north of Belderrig, includes clear evidence for copper mineralisation. The archaeological complex at Belderg Beg is situated on a gentle slope hill with an east facing aspect at c. 50m OD. The valley is wide and shallow with a small stream running along its floor.The site is in an area of Atlantic blanket bog which has been greatly cutaway. The land beyond the limitations of the excavated area is now used for peat extraction for private domestic use and for widespread sheep grazing. The valley ends at small natural harbour approximately 1km north east of the site. The name Belderrig from which the townland names Belderg Beg (small) and Belderg More (big) on the western and eastern sides of the valley derives from Bal Deirg Reds Mouth. It is not known if the eponymous Dearg was a person or if it may have been the name of the river.
2.2 Description of site

The site at Belderrig contains extensive and well preserved archaeology mainly dating to the Early/Middle Neolithic and Middle Bronze age periods and later prehistoric era. During the Early/Middle Neolithic a series of long field walls and an oval enclosure were built. The walls and enclosure were constructed of stones presumably cleared from the surrounding area. The field walls form an irregular pattern and the clear co-axial pattern seen at the Cide Fields is not present. Plough marks representing Neolithic cross-ploughing were recorded suggesting that much of the site was given over to arable crops. Across the site there are numerous spreads of charcoal and possible hearths, and finds of pottery and lithic material are well distributed across the area. No house site or focus for the Neolithic occupation was discovered. Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age the area was re-occupied, something that was probably only made possible because the remains of the Neolithic occupation were in some way retarding the growth of bog over the immediate area. A roundhouse was constructed and underwent several phases of major modification suggesting that the occupation may have lasted in the region of a hundred years or more. The final appearance of the roundhouse was very impressive as its perimeter was defined by a large stone and earth bank retained by large internal and external kerbstones which survived to a height of 0.7m and lengths of over 1.5m. A series of tillage plots were located immediately to the South and West of the roundhouse. Groups of parallel cultivation ridges run across the individual plots and stones picked from the plots were scattered along the intervening headlands. A long North-South field wall was constructed along the western edge of the site. At the South the wall heads into adjacent uncut bog and eventually was continued as a wooden fence. 2.3 Aims and Methodology The excavations at Belderg Beg were initiated in order to date the pre bog field walls that had been discovered in the area. The field walls programme was an early tentative attempt to investigate landscape archaeology where the entire terrain could be viewed as the
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archaeological monument. Over time the project expanded to encompass large areas of a Bronze Age farmstead that had been previously uncovered during peat extraction. The excavations were undertaken over successive summer seasons from 1971 to 1978 and again in 1981 and 1982. The initial programme (1971) involved local workmen removing the peat to expose the walls under the daily supervision of Patrick Caulfield, the local school teacher who had first brought the walls to the attention of the National Museum of Ireland in 1934. The work was monitored on a weekly basis by Seamas Caulfield then recently appointed Lecturer in UCD. The subsequent excavations were directed by Seamas Caulfield and archaeological supervision and specialist consultation was provided by various students and faculty members from UCD and elsewhere. The director of the sites logged summary accounts of the excavations which can be found under www.excavations ie. The site was divided into eight areas labelled A to H (Figure 2, Figure 3). Originally each site consisted of numerous small cuttings, labelled in a variety of ways. Towards the end of the excavations many of these smaller cuttings were joined together to form large trenches. Because of this change it has been necessary to re-number the various trenches to reflect their final appearance at the end of the excavations. When the excavations were completed some areas consisted of a single trench but most consisted of multiple trenches and so each individual trench has been given a numerical suffix. In each area peat was removed down to the upper levels of the archaeology which was cleaned and recorded. Thus many of the plans, although representing the end of the excavations, appear as mid excavation plans. In only very limited areas were intact deposits removed in order to examine what was underneath them, and the areas where this occurred are detailed in the main text. More detailed excavations were undertaken in the roundhouse and the adjacent tillage plots in Area B.
Area A comprises six cuttings A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 which investigated a long east west field wall. A1 is the main cutting and it measures 58m east west in length and between 5m and 15m in width. A2 is located 5m to the north of the main cutting A1 and measures 10m north south and 16m east west. A3 is a smaller cutting 10m north south and 7m east west. The remaining three cuttings are located to the west of the site across the road from Site A1. These three trenches are situated along the continuation of the wall that runs through A1. Trenches A4-A6 require re-surveying as they are not represented in the site archive. Area B was located at the north east of the site and consisted of eight trenches covering a very large area which included a roundhouse and adjacent tillage plots. Trenches B1 and B2 located at the far north each measured 10m by 8m. The centrally located Trench B3 was the largest trench and measured 30m by 13m to 15m. Trench B4 was located 2m west of the large Trench 3 and measured 6m by 4m. Trench B5 was a long and narrow trench 2m south of Trench 3 and measure 35m by 4m. Trench B6 was located 2m south of B5, it was rectangular and measured 19m by 8m. Trench B7 was located east of B6, it was square and measured 8m by 8m. Trench B8 was located 2m east of B7; it was square and measured 8m by 8m. Trench B9 was located 2m south of Trench B8; it was square and measured 8m by 8m. Trench B10 was located 12m south of B9; it was square and measured 8m by 8m. Area C was located at the south west of the site. It consisted of eight narrow trenches following a north south aligned wall. Trench C1 measured 9m by 2.6m, Trench C2 measured 3.3m by 2.5m, Trench C3 measured 4.9m by 2.5m, Trench C4 measured 4.1m by 2m, Trench 5 measured 16.2m by 2.5m, Trench 6 measured 7m by 2.5m, Trench 7 measured 1.8m by 2.6m and Trench 8 measured 2.5m by 2.8m. Area D was located at the south east of the site. It consisted of 10 trenches in total, five small trenches in the main site following a curving field wall and two long trenches located slightly to the north within the area defined by the curving wall. To the south of the modern road there were three small trenches located over the continuation of the field wall. Trenches
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D1-D5 and D8-D10 require re-surveying as they are not represented in the site archive. Trench D6 was a slightly irregular rectangle 42m in length and 11m in width in general but only 5m wide at the far east and west. Trench D7 was located 6m north of D6; it was rectangular measuring 36m by 5m. Area E consisted of two long east west trenches and a third very small trench located in the centre of the site. Trench E1 was rectangular and measured 72m by 3m. Trench E2 was located 15m north of E1; it was rectangular and measured 56m by 5m. Trench E3 was located 6m north of E2; it was rectangular and measured 5m by 1m. Area F was located at the west of the site, between Area C and Area E. It was excavated over the area of a large oval enclosure defined by a stone wall connected to the field walls in Area A and D. It was a large rectangular area measuring 40m by 30m, with a small square extension to the west and a long linear extension to the south east.Area G consisted of a single rectangular trench 14m south of Area F towards the south of the site. It measured 15m by 5m. Area H is located south of the modern road half way between the walls examined in Areas A and D. The overall dimensions are 13m north to south and 13m east to west.
Compiling this report almost 40 years after the excavations began presents a range of difficulties regarding the state of the site archive. The written record for the site is very limited, but the drawn and photographic records (see Appendices 2 and 3), whilst variable in quality, provide a lot of detail. As far as possible the various plans have been compiled to create an overall plan of each area of the site. These compiled plans and supplementary information taken from the various sketches and photographs have been used to create a stratigraphic report detailing all the contexts which could be identified: it should be noted that in keeping with standard practice at the time, single context recording was not used in the excavations. All context descriptions in this report result from the current programme of reanalysis of the archive. Measurements have in most cases been taken directly from the compiled plans. There are section drawings which will have allowed for some reconstruction of the stratigraphy of some specific features. Currently there are a number of small features recorded in plan from different parts of the site that cannot be properly located. When the drawn archive from the site is digitised and compiled the locations of these features should become apparent and at that stage the appropriate details will be added into this report. When artefacts were recovered they were generally given co-ordinates or detailed descriptions regarding the location of their find spots. These coordinate systems have not been reconstructed in this phase of analysis, but sufficient information exists to undertake this work in the future. Information that is recorded on the finds boxes has also been incorporated into the stratigraphic report where appropriate. A large number of environmental samples were also taken, including a series of preserved portions of wooden stakes and posts. The majority of these remain unprocessed. Discussion of artefacts and samples below is presented according to Areas of excavation, with some overview at the end. In reading this report, it must be remembered that the artefact and sample catalogues for Belderg, on which this work is based, have retained the original excavation designations as presented in the original Belderg excavation archive. Whilst the process of compiling the stratigraphic report for the Belderg excavations has led to some retrospective consolidation by the researchers, for the purposes of at least a preliminary spatial discussion of artefact distributions (given the lack of more detailed spatial mapping work), this report will use the original grid designations. All areas noted below (except MM) are shown on the excavation plans for Belderg Beg. Discussions of finds are provisional, as specialist analysis is required in all instances. For lithics a broad classification
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was utilised by DMI comprising tools (formal retouched objects), blades/flakes/cores and finally small production waste (debitage, informally defined).
3. Results:
3.1 Stratigraphy
Context 100: Overlying peat: The whole of the site which lies in cutaway bog was covered by the original topsod and a residual basal peat (in situ). The tradition in North Mayo of only cutting four tops (spade depths) indicates that the original depth of peat would have been 1.5-2.0m deep. In general the depth of surviving peat across the site was around 0.4m but in certain places higher banks were present (Figure 4).
Area A Area A was located in the centre of the site and focused on a major east-west aligned field wall running up from the valley floor. A total of 4 trenches were excavated over this wall (A1, A4, A5 and A6) and two trenches were excavated to either side of the wall (Area A2 and A3). The peat that covered the wall was at a depth of 0.35m. At the west of Area A1 the wall curves to the south and runs towards an unexcavated junction where it connects to walls that run into Areas D and F. Areas adjacent to the wall contained a number of small features, including several pits and postholes and numerous charcoal rich spreads and spreads of habitation material A large number of finds came from the west and centre of Area A1. Unfortunately the recording of Area A as represented in the site archive is very rudimentary. Whilst the wall is planned in detail almost all other features are present as very brief descriptions associated with individual finds. The identified contexts are described below.
Context 001/002: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit situated to the west of site A1. No dimensions recorded. A large quantity of pottery was recovered from the fill of this pit. No other information about the fill recorded. Context 003: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal spread situated to the west of site A1. No dimensions recorded. The spread is associated with a moderate quantity of pottery. Context 004: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal in the southern side of site A 1. No dimensions recorded. Situated 4.20m east of the c001 and c003. Context 005/006: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Possible post hole in the southern side of site A 1. No Dimensions given. Located close to c004. Fill charcoal rich. Context 007: Charcoal Spread: Shallow charcoal spread situated to the south of c003 associated with a moderate amount of pottery. Context 008: Brown Layer: Brown layer with a high concentration of charcoal. No Dimensions or location recorded. Context 009: Charcoal Spread: No information recorded. Context 010: Charcoal Spread: No information recorded. Context 011/012: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of Posthole in A2, located 3m North and 24m west of the western baulk. No dimensions recorded. Fill charcoal rich. Context 013/014: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Posthole cut located 0.50m North and 2m West of the extension of western baulk. No dimensions recorded. Fill charcoal rich.
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Context 015: Packing material in Posthole c011: No Information recorded. Context 016/17: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: No Information recorded. Context 018: Stone slabs covering Pit c016: No information recorded. Context 019: Charcoal Spread: No information recorded. Context 020: Brown Habitation Layer: Brown Habitation layer South West Corner of A2. No dimensions recorded. Context 021: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal Spread West of A. No dimensions recorded. Context 022: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal spread over c023 and c024. No dimensions recorded. Context 023/024: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Pit associated with c022 and under c024. No information on fill. Context 025: Stone Lining of Pit c023: No information recorded. Context 026: Charcoal Spread: No location or dimensions recorded. Context 027: Area of Paving: Area of paving associated with charcoal spread c026. No description recorded. Context 028: Charcoal Spread: No information recorded. Context 029: Stone within Charcoal Spread: No information recorded. Context 030: Sod Layer: Relic sod layer main section through baulk. Context 031: Layer: Layer of dark habitation material possibly over pit c016. Context 032: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal Spread with large pieces of wood. No location or dimensions recorded. Context 033/034: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: No information recorded on cut. Fill containing hazel nut shells. Context 035: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal Spread from 1973 extension. No other information recorded. Context 036: Cut of Pit: No information or location recorded. Context 037: Stone Slab in Pit c036 : Stone slabs lining pit c036. Context 038: Fill of Pit c036: No information recorded. Context 039: Charcoal Spread: Charcoal Spread overlying north extension. Context 040: Wall: Major field wall running through Areas A1, A4, A5 and A6. It typically measures 1.7m in width and 0.30m in height fallen and possibly robbed following peat cutting. Context 041: Wall Collapse: Thin layer of stone that has collapsed from the wall c040. Context 042: Possible Entrance Feature: In the centre of Area A1 there is a possible entrance through the wall c040, which consists of three large upright stones, two at the west and one at the east, of a narrow gap in the wall.
Finds
Some 73.6% of all lithics recovered from the Belderg Beg excavations were found within the area designated A1. Chert comprised the majority of this lithic assemblage, with 363 pieces noted, including 251 pieces of debitage, and 28 unmodified flakes. The identifiable chert tool assemblage consisted of 8 blades, 2 end scrapers and 1 convex scraper. A pressure flaked leaf shaped arrowhead was also recovered from the A1. A small number of reduced chert pebble cores were noted
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from the area of A1. Whilst the majority of the chert working would seem to be based on these resources, a number of the flakes and tools identified would have had to have been produced from larger cores. Some 96 pieces of flint were recovered from the A1 area, consisting of a core pebble, 10 unmodified flakes and 73 pieces of debitage. A similar tool assemblage to that discussed for the chert assemblage above, consisting of 2 convex scrapers, 3 end scrapers, 1 point and 1 blade, was recovered. The quartz assemblage consisted of 296 pieces, including 272 pieces of debitage and 16 unmodified flakes. A small number of pieces may be considered tools, consisting of 1 convex scraper, 2 end scrapers, 1 point and 3 blades was recovered, however further specialist work is needed on the quartz assemblage. High grade rock crystal, probably derived from the same source as the quartz, was represented by 7 flakes and 7 pieces of debitage. 302 pieces of pottery were recovered from the A1 area, the majority (234 pieces) of which were classified as probable carinated bowl wares, characterised by well fired thin walled fabrics with numerous crushed quartz inclusions. Coarseware sherds (68 pieces) consisting of thick walled sherds with variable degrees of firing evident, were also recovered. The majority of the coarsewares also contained numerous crushed quartz inclusions in their matrix. Evidence for applied slips varied between the carinated and coarseware wares the number of slipped (exterior, interior or both) pieces in the carinated group was approximately equal to those non slipped (123:113), whereas the number of slipped to unslipped coarseware pieces was 42:24. Slip, where present, would seem to consist of a thin grey applied wash probably derived from mineral soil mixed with water. In the majority of cases the application of this material would seem to be post initial firing and may owe more to the provision of a smoothed surface on the fabric than any other factor. The majority of the coarseware pieces would seem to have been slipped on the interior, probably indicating a more practical application for the coarseware. It is to be noted that a number of the pieces identified as carinated examples have definite pronounced shoulders, one example showing a possible external lug applied to the shoulder. A range of rim types were noted within the pottery assemblage, although the majority would seem to have displayed some form of outurned finish. Some 85 samples of degraded pottery (the majority of which may be considered carinated collection pieces, containing several pieces in each sample), were noted for the A1 area. These samples could potentially add c. 500 pieces to the pottery catalogue from A1, albeit displaying various states of abrasion. Most of this material would seem to be well fired black fabric with obvious quartz inclusions. The quartz assemblage noted above for area A1 was heavily dominated by small fragments (debitage) which should probably be regarded as the source for the majority of the pottery temper, and it may be suggested that the spread of charcoal and degraded pottery in A1 may represent a disturbed production area, located beside a supply of temper. The 9 hammerstones and a maul recovered from A1 should probably be viewed as accessories for the reduction of quartz for temper. Certainly the lithic catalogue for this area would suggest that a significant amount of activity was taking place in the A1 area especially around the upstanding orthostats. The concentration of quartz debitage around the area of the upright orthostats in A1 is mentioned in the original excavation artefact notes, as is the association of the majority of the pottery with charcoal spreads over a pavement area in A1. Chert debitage also clusters round the area of the upright orthostats. The lithic and pottery assemblages in A2 and A3 would suggest some smaller scale activity. The material recovered within A2 comprises of chert blades, convex and end scrapers. The material recovered from the A3 area may suggest some more specialised flint working, such as the pressure flaked arrowhead. Interestingly, the chert assemblage in A2 may represent a concentration of chert flake processing (see also F1 for concentration of chert flakes). A charcoal spread in area A2 contained the remains of cow and sheep horn, both of which would seem to have been charred at the proximal end of the horn, which may represent possible heat treatment. Two samples of charred hazelnut shells were recovered from the A1 area, and were noted as pit inclusions.
Discussion
The excavations in Area A revealed a long length of a major Neolithic field wall and a series of adjacent small features. The quantity of finds from the area was far greater than elsewhere on the site and may suggest a focus of Neolithic activity in this part of the site; including a range of production based activities: stone tool production, probably the
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production of quartz temper. Some, at least of this, is connected with carinated bowl wares. No structures were identified although they may exist in the unexcavated areas nearby, perhaps close to the western end of A1. The entrance recorded half way along the wall in A1 is unique on this site and may also be indicating that a dwelling is located in this vicinity. A radiocarbon date of 1370-900 cal BC (290575 bp, SI-1475) was obtained from charcoal in A2 and was described by the excavator as anomalous. Area B Area B is located at the north east corner of the site. It was initially excavated to examine a circular setting of boulders that were protruding from the surface of the cutaway bog. These stones were found to be part of a very substantial roundhouse (Figures 5 and 6) that was then excavated over multiple seasons. A large area to the south and west of the roundhouse was investigated revealing three tillage plots with neatly arranged cultivation ridges. In the areas beyond the cultivation ridges small plough marks were observed and these were suspected to pre-date the cultivation ridges. At the south of the Area B a portion of the cultivation ridges was removed and underneath a concentration of the plough marks was discovered, proving that they were indeed earlier in date. A number of charcoal spreads and hearths were also recorded in the area. The following section has been subdivided into several sub-sections in order that associated contexts are described in relation to each other, rather than simply running in numerical order. The Perimeter of the structure
Context 101: Internal Kerb Stones: The internal face of the bank c102 is retained around large parts of the perimeter by large and medium sized upright kerbstones. It is not clear why this context is discontinuous, although in areas around the North West side it appears the stones have simply fallen inwards as large stones are present on the main aerial photograph of the excavation. The stones are up to 1.0m in length, 0.4m in width and 0.7m in height. Context 102: Stone and earth bank: The main wall of the structure consists of a large bank of earth and stone retained by the two rows of kerbstones, c101 and c103. It consists of a mixture of medium sized stones up to 0.6m in maximum length. Sub-soil has been excavated from the surrounding ditch c104. The bank varies in width between 1m and 1.8m and stands to a height of 0.7m. The stones may have been sourced from the piles of stones cleared from the adjacent agricultural plots and piled up on the intervening headlands c223 and c224, which are thought to predate this phase of the building. The ratio of stone to soil within this bank material varies around the circuit, and it appears from the aerial photographs that the areas where there is the least amount of stone corresponds to the areas where there are no kerbstones. Context 103: External Kerb Stones: The external face of the bank c102 is retained around large parts of the perimeter by large and medium sized upright kerbstones. This context is somewhat discontinuous, and there are noticeably fewer examples than are present around the internal side c101. Where the kerbstones are not present the edging is made of coursed drystone walling. It is suspected that this discontinuous nature relates to phases of modification of the structure and this is examined in full below. The stones are up to 1.0m in length, 0.4m in width and 0.7m in height. The most unusual feature of this ring of kerb stones is that at the west of the building the line of the kerbstones bends inwards and runs through the bank c102 to connect with the internal kerb stones. Beyond this point it appears that smaller stones arranged in courses may have been used to retain the bank around the northern side. Context 104: The discontinuous encircling ditch: The building is surrounded by a shallow ditch, which was only excavated around the south east of the structure, but was visible as a depression around the rest of the circuit, apart from a clear break at the west, where the ditch approached the stony headland at the east of one of Tillage plot 2, c223, and at the east where it does not extend across the area of the Roundhouses entrance. The ditch varied between 0.9m and 1.2m in width apart from the area approaching the eastern terminal which was only 0.4m in width. From studying the site archive of the sections the ditch was less than 0.3m in depth.
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Context 105: Fill of Ditch c104: The fill of the ditch is described by Caulfield as being a deposited soil from the adjacent tillage plots, rather than a soil that accumulated as during the normal processes of ditch silting. Possible sods or tip lines were noticed within some of the sections and are present on some of the photographs in the archive. Context 109: Slot Trench: Within the northern half of the building there is a substantial slot trench with vertical sides and a flat base running close to the internal kerb stones c101. It is shown on the plans as being between 0.1m and 0.15m in width but no depth is recorded. However photographs suggest it was approximately 0.3m deep, if not a little deeper. Five postpipes are shown on the plans in the fill of the feature at the west of the building, c111, c112, c113, c114 and c115. The line that the slot trench takes is not concentric with the internal kerbstones and the retained bank. Around the north it is located fairly consistently 0.3m away from the kerbstones, but this distance narrows around the north west and at the west the distance continues to narrow until the feature appears to disappear beneath the kerbstones and bank at a point roughly opposite the entrance. The slot trench is not visible at any point around the southern half of the building. Context 110: Fill of Slot Trench c109: From studying the site archive and in particularly the series of photographs they highlight that a large amount of medium sized stones were included within the fill, suggesting that they were packing material. Context 111: Small Postpipe: A small postpipe recorded on plan in the fill of the slot trench c110 at the west of the building. It is shown as having a diameter of 0.08m. Context 112: Small Postpipe: A small postpipe recorded on plan in the fill of the slot trench c110 at the west of the building. It is shown as having a diameter of 0.06m, and is located 0.7m south of the stakehole c111. Context 113: Small Postpipe: A small postpipe recorded on plan in the fill of the slot trench c110 at the west of the building. It is shown as having a diameter of 0.08m, and is located 0.56m south of the stakehole c112. Context 114: Small Postpipe: A small postpipe recorded on plan in the fill of the slot trench c110 at the west of the building. It is shown as having a diameter of 0.05m, and is located 0.22m south of the stakehole c113. Context 115: Small Postpipe: A small postpipe recorded on plan in the fill of the slot trench c110 at the west of the building. It is shown as having a diameter of 0.06m, and is located 0.3m south of the stakehole c114. Context 200: Foundation of wall (Figure 7): Around the north and west of the structure a discontinuous curving row of large stones lie directly on the internal ground surface. The stones measure up to 0.92m long and are up to 0.44m wide. They are arranged end to end and overlap with the line of the slot trench c109 roughly concentric to the internal kerb stones c101 marking the internal face of the earth and stone bank. It is suspected that this row of stones represents the base of the foundation of the internal wall face of an earlier building phase discussed below. Context 174/175: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit located between the slot trench c109 and the curvilinear feature c116 at the north west of the structure, 0.3m north of the posthole c146. It is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.7m, a maximum width of 0.37m and a depth of 0.2m. The base of the pit is lined with medium sized flat stones which cover approximately half of the bases area. No information on fill. Context 199: Collapsed Stone: On either side of the stone and earth bank there is a large spread of medium and large stones that have fallen away from the bank and the wall faces.
The Entrance to the structure

Context 106: Pavement in the Building Interior: Immediately west of the entrance there is an area of paving extending into the interior. It was 2.75m in length from east to west and 1.2m from north to south. It abutted the upright sill stone c107 at the south and was flanked by a series of postholes c118, c120 and c122 at the south and c124, c126 and c128 at the north. It consisted of medium sized flat stones with maximum lengths ranging between 0.28m and 0.68m. Context 107: Sill Stone: A thin upright slab of stone marks the former position of the actual doorway to the structure. The stone is 0.8m long from north to south, up to 0.18m wide from east to west and protrudes above the ground surface by up to
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0.2m. It is aligned exactly between the two postholes c118 and c128 which would have held the posts that framed the entrance. Context 108: Pavement external to the building: A well laid pavement extends from the eastern side of the sill stone c107, through the narrow passage through the buildings wall and expands into the area immediately outside the building. The pavement is essentially an extension of the internal pavement c106, and is made of similarly sized flat stones, ranging between 0.2m and 0.6m in maximum length. Outside the building the paved area is a fairly irregular shape in plan with a maximum length of 4m from north to south and it extends beyond the excavated area to the east. Context 118/119: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: This posthole is one of six that are directly associated with the entrance. It is located at the south east of the entrance and at the inside edge of the break in the wall. It is paired with c128 on the other side of the entrance and the sill stone c107 is located on the line between them. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.32m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south. No depth is recorded. No information on fill. Context 120/121: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of small posthole located on the southern side of the entrance feature, 0.6m west of the posthole c118. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.12m with a depth of 0.18m. A small packing stone is recorded on the north side. No information on fill. Context 122/123: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole located at the south west of the entrance, 0.48m west of the posthole c 120. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south. Small packing stones are shown around the north, east and west. No depth is recorded. No information on fill. Context 124/125: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole located at the north west of the entrance, 0.74m north of the posthole c122. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.16m and a depth of 0.28m. Medium sized packing stones are present on all sides. No information on fill. Context 126/127: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north west of the entrance, 0.18m north of the posthole c124. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m from north west to south east, a maximum width of 0.18m from north east to south west, and a depth of 0.25m. Medium sized packing stones are present on all sides. No information on fill. Context 196/197: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north of the entrance, 0.22m east of the posthole c126. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from north west to south east, a maximum width of 0.14m from north east to south west, and a depth of 0.3m. Medium sized packing stones are present on all sides. No information on fill. Context 128/129: Cut of Posthole/Fill of posthole: Cut of posthole at the north east of the entrance, at the inside edge of the break in the wall. It is paired with c118 on the other side of the entrance and the sill stone c107 is located on the line between them. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.18m. A small packing stone is present at the east. No depth is recorded. No information on fill. Context 180/181: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit located almost immediately south of the entrance feature, 0.3m south of the pavement c106. It is an irregular triangular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.54m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.5m from east to west and a depth of 0.3m. A number of small and medium sized stones line the sides and a medium size flat stone lines the base in a position just north of the pits centre. No information on fill.
The Post-Ring
Context 116/117: Curvilinear Feature/Fill of Curvilinear Feature: A curvilinear feature is shown on the plans running around the northern part of the building in a position approximately concentric with the slot trench c109, although the exact distance varies between 0.7m and 1.12m. It has a maximum length of approximately 6m and its width varies between 0.1m
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and 0.22m with the narrowest stretch being at the east. The depth of the feature is unrecorded, and it may have been very shallow as it is not visible on the aerial photograph. The position of this curvilinear follows the line of the postholes in this part of the structure, and 10 of them are located along its line although the stratigraphic relationship is not recorded. No information on fill Context 134/135: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole in the north east of the structure, 0.74m north of the posthole c132. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.2m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.16m from north to south and a depth of 0.3m. A large packing stone is present at the south, and a medium sized example is present at the east. This posthole lies at the eastern end of the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 136/137: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north east of the structure, 0.12m west of the posthole c134. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.3m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south and a depth of 0.35m. Medium sized packing stones are present around the south and east. A large stone, part of the collapsed material c199, overlay the northern part of this posthole. The posthole is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 138/139: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north of the structure, 1.24m west of the posthole c136. It is square shape with rounded corners in plan measuring 0.18m from east to west and 0.14m from north to south. No depth is recorded. Small packing stones are present at the east and west and a medium sized packing stone lines the northern side. It is located immediately south of the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 140/141: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north of the structure 0.12m west of the posthole c138. It is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.22m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.16m and a depth of 0.25m. Medium sized packing stones are present at the south, west and east. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 142/143: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north of the structure immediately west of the posthole c140. It is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south and a depth of 0.22m. A medium sized packing stone is present lining the northern side. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 144/145: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at north of the structure, 0.22m west of the posthole c142. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m. No depth is recorded. A medium sized flat stone lines the base. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 146/147: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north west of the structure, 0.8m south west of the posthole c144. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m and has a depth of 0.3m. Small packing stones are present around the west. It cuts through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 148/149: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north west of the structure, 0.14m south of the posthole c146. It is kidney shaped in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.16m from east to west and a depth of 0.25m. A medium sized packing stone is present at the east. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 150/151: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north west of the structure, 0.1m south of the posthole c148. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.16m from north to south and a depth of 0.25m. A medium sized packing stone lines the southern side. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116. No information on fill. Context 152/153: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the west of the structure, 1.1m south of the posthole c150. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.14m and a depth of 0.25m. A medium sized packing stone lines the southern side. It is cut through the shallow curvilinear feature c116, 0.24m north of its southern terminal. No information on fill.
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Context 154/155: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the south of the structure. The posthole is oval in plan with maximum length of 0.18m east to west, a maximum width of 0.12m and a depth of 0.15m. Small packing stones are present at the east and medium sized packing stones are present at the north and west. No information on fill. Context 156/157: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the south of the structure, 0.1m east of the posthole c154. The posthole is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m, a maximum width of 0.14m and a maximum depth of 0.2m. Small packing stones are present around the north east and south. No information on fill. Context 158/159: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of a small posthole at the south of the structure, 0.13m east of the posthole c156. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.08m and a depth of 0.25m. Small packing stones are present around the east. No information on fill. Context 160/161: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of a small posthole at the south of the structure, 1.06m south east of the posthole c158. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m and a depth of 0.2ma small packing stone is present at the east. No information on fill. Context 162/163: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the south of the structure, 0.44m north east of the posthole c160. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m and a depth of 0.2m. Medium sized packing stones line the sides at the north, east and west. No information on fill. Context 164/165: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at south of structure, 0.04m east of the posthole c162. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south and a depth of 0.15m. No information on fill. Context 166/167: Cut of Posthole/Fill of posthole: Cut of posthole at the south of the structure, 0.1m east of the posthole c164. It is an irregular square shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.14m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.12m from east to west and a depth of 0.22m. A medium sized packing stone is present at the north. No information on fill. Context 168/169: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the south east of the structure, 0.66m east of the posthole c166. It is a square shape with rounded corners in plan measuring 0.3m from north east to south west, 0.3m from north west to south east and has a depth of 0.2m. Medium sized packing stones are present at the north and a flat stone lines the base. No information on fill. Context 170/171: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the south east of the structure, 0.64m east of the posthole c168. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.18m and a depth of 0.2m. Small packing stones are present at the north and medium sized packing stones are present at the south and west. No information on fill.
Features within the central area of the structure

Context 130/131: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the east of the central area of the structure, 0.8m west of the posthole c130. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.3m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south, and a depth of 0.15m. Medium sized packing stones are present around the north, west and south. No information on fill. Context 132/133: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north east of the central area of the structure, 0.42m north of the posthole c130. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.28m from north to south and a maximum width of 0.2m from east to west. No depth is recorded. Medium sized packing stones are present on all sides. No information on fill. Context 182/183: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole at the north of the central area of the structure, 0.64m south of the pit c172. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.13m and a depth of 0.35m. Medium sized packing stones are present on all sides. No information on fill.
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Context 184/185: Cut of Posthole/Fill of posthole: Cut of posthole at the south of the central area of the structure, 0.8m north of the posthole c156. It is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.34m from north to south and a depth of 0.18m. A medium sized packing stone lines the eastern side and a medium sized flat stone lines the base. No information on fill. Context 190/91: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole immediately north of the centre of the structure, 0.12m north east of the fire cracked stone c188. The post hole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.32m from north east so south west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north west to south east and a depth of 0.22m. A small packing stone is present at the north west. According to the plans the eastern side of the posthole was overlain by part of the stone setting c189. No information on fill. Context 192/193: Cut of Posthole/Fill of Posthole: Cut of posthole immediately south of the central area of the structure, 0.46m south of the posthole c190. It is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from north east to south west, a maximum width of 0.22m from north west to south east and a depth of 0.25m. According to the plans the northern side of the posthole is overlain by part of the stone setting c189. No information on fill. Context 172/173: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit at the north of the central area, immediately south east of the posthole c138. The pit is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.7m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.38m from north to south. The depth was not recorded. There is no written account of the fill of this feature but it is clear from the plan that the pit contained several medium sized stones. Context 176/177: Cut of Pit/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit at the west of the central area of the structure, 0.4m north east of the posthole c152. The pit is an irregular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.0.64m from north west to south east, a maximum width of 0.46m from north east to south west and a depth of 0.25m. A medium sized stone is present at the north east side of the pit and a medium sized stone lines the base of the feature at the west. No information on fill. Context 178/179: Cut of Pi/Fill of Pit: Cut of pit at the south east of the central area of the structure, 0.4m north of the posthole c168. The pit is an irregular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.54m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.34m from east to west and a depth of 0.15m. No information on fill. Context 186/187: Cut of Linear Feature/Fill of linear feature: Cut of a linear feature located at the west of the central area of the structure, beginning 0.2m south west of the pit c176. The feature is only shown on Plan No 25 which shows it as a narrow feature 1.2m in length and typically 0.07m wide, running north west to south east. The north west end widens into a circular terminal with a diameter of 0.15m. No depth is recorded. No information on fill. Context 188: Fire Cracked Stone : A large rectangular slab of fire cracked stone is located immediately west of the centre of the structure, 0.16m west of the posthole c190. It is a square slab of stone measuring 0.66m from east to west and 0.64m from north to south. The surface of the stone was a pinkish red and cracked indicating that the stone had been subject to intense heat. It was overlain by a spread of charcoal rich material c198. Context 189: Stone Setting: A rectangular setting of seven medium sized stones occupies the central area of the structure, immediately east of the fire cracked stone c188. Externally it measures 0.62m from north to south and 0.68m from east to west, whilst the internal space measures 0.4m from north to south and 0.36m from east to west. The stones are not set in sockets but rest on the ground surface. Context 195: Stakehole: A small stakehole is located to the north west of the central area of the structure 0.12m north of the fire cracked stone c195. It has a diameter of 0.06m but its depth has not been recorded. Context 198: Charcoal Rich Spread: A spread of charcoal rich material was found directly overlying the fire cracked stones c188 but not extending as far as the adjacent stone setting c189. No other information is known about this deposit.
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Cultivation Ridges in Tillage Plot 1

Tillage Plot 1 is the largest of the three tillage plots associated with the roundhouse (Figure 8 and 9). It is located immediately south of the roundhouse and consists of 13 sochs (gullies) defining 12 cultivation ridges running from north to south (Contexts 200 212; see Appendix 1 for full details). Where fully exposed the sochs are around 27m in length and between 0.2m and 0.3m wide. They define cultivation ridges that are between 0.6m and 1.1m in width and have an average width of approximately 0.82m. At the north west several of the sochs stop at a headland dividing Tillage Plot 1 from Tillage Plot c224 which is around 5m wide on which are numerous stones that were presumably removed from the tillage plots. At the north east the sochs stop just short of the ditch c104 that surrounds the roundhouse. There is no obvious boundary or impediment at the south of this tillage plot, and it must be assumed that the maximum desired length had been achieved. The sochs were cut into the top of a preserved soil, c200, which resulted from the underlying cross ploughing with an ard, see below, and thus the ridges comprise of thin layers of this soil dug from the adjacent sochs.
Cultivation Ridges in Tillage Plot 2

Tillage Plot 2 is the smallest of the three tillage plots associated with the roundhouse. It is located immediately west of the roundhouse and consists of 11 sochs defining 10 cultivation ridges running from north to south (Contexts 213-223; see Appendix 1 for full details). Where fully exposed the sochs are around 10m in length and between 0.2m and 0.3m wide. They define cultivation ridges that are between 0.7m and 1.4m in width and have an average width of approximately 0.8m. At the east the cultivation ridges stop at a stone covered headland c223 that was encroached by the later iterations of the roundhouse. At the south the cultivation ridges stop at the headland c224 that divides Tillage Plot 2 from Tillage Plot 1, whilst there is no obvious boundary or impediment at the north, it appears that the length of the ridges was designed to stop on the same line as the northernmost example in Tillage Plot 3.
Cultivation Ridges in Plot 3

Tillage Plot 3 is the third and most westerly of the three tillage plots associated with the roundhouse. It is located immediately west of Tillage Plot 2 and consists of 10 sochs defining 9 cultivation ridges running from east to west (Contexts 225-234; see Appendix 1for full details). Where fully exposed the sochs are around 17m in length and between 0.2m and 0.3m wide. They define cultivation ridges that are between 0.7m and 1m in width with an average width of approximately 0.78m. At the south the cultivation ridges stop at a continuation of the headland c224 that divides Tillage Plot 1 from Tillage Plot 2, whilst at the east they stop immediately next to the westernmost soch of Plot 2 with no intervening headland. At the north the cultivation ridges stop on a similar line to the northern end of those in Tillage Plot 2, whilst at the west there seems to be no obvious boundary or impediment, and it must be assumed that the maximum desired length had been achieved.
Ard Marks
Right across Area B there were a large number of small ard marks, c242-289, c294-317, c330-381, c384-458 and c462-536. The ard marks were visible as small linear features between 0.08m and 0.12m wide and between 0.4m and 2.1m in length cut into the top of the mineral soil and below the thin plough soil c200 (Figure 10). Where it could be recorded it appeared that the spacing between the individual plough marks was between 0.2m and 0.35m. The full details of the individual marks are given in Appendix 1. Various individual marks were aligned variously north to south, east to west and north west to south east. In many cases individual plough marks were discontinuous but could clearly be seen to be the remains of single furrows that were created by a single pass of the plough. The longest such alignment, c480, was located in the west of Area B5. It was 2.1m long and consisted of 4 individual fragments. The plough marks sometimes occur individually but often found in distinct concentrations. The most noticeable concentrations are at the south of the area, in Trench B8 and at the western end of B6 and B5, which measure 16m by 13m and 8m by 8m respectively. The concentration in B6 and B5 lies beyond the area which contained the Bronze Age tillage plots, but in B8 the ridges were removed to reveal the plough marks, demonstrating that they pre-date the Bronze Age cultivation ridges. Numerous samples were taken from these features which require processing. The pattern clearly represents the practice of cross ploughing with a simple plough or ard. It is almost certain that the entire area had been ploughed and that subsequent activity has covered over or removed the majority of the features leaving the observed pattern, which represents fortuitous survival of random fragments of the overall pattern.
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Plate 6 Close up overview of the dark bands (Ard marks) under the cultivation ridges on the Belderg site. Two different programs of environmental/paleobotanical research were under taken in the area of the tillage plots and the results of these programmes are discussed below. The first of the projects was undertaken by Erica Guttman who excavated a keyhole trench along the baulk situated between B3, the area of the round house and cultivation plot and B4 to the west. The sample was from small charcoal rich deposit, possibly a midden, that was found at the western extremity of the cultivation ridges. The second program was undertaken by Lucy Verrill who took samples for palaeoenvironmental and micromorphological analysis from the south of Tillage Plot 1 (Sample BB1) and from an area of ard cultivation not later ridged (Sample BB2, see Verrill 2006). Other Pits and Features
A small number of features were excavated in the area around the roundhouse and the cultivation plots in Area B. At this stage it is not possible to ascertain their locations but this may be possible when the site plans are digitised. These features include four spreads of charcoal rich material, a posthole, a possible paved area, a bank and a possible hearth were encountered a long with a large number of spreads of stone (which are of a very uncertain nature). The currently limited information about these features is included in Appendix 1
Finds
The area of Site B was originally divided into grid squares, B1 covering the area of the house excavation. Subsequent excavation seasons worked from a number of grid squares designated B2A-T (B2A covered an enlarged area surrounding the house site B1) The lithic assemblage from B1 was represented by a number of flint and chert debitage pieces (32:13 respectively). Two flint flakes and five chert flakes were represented. The number of debitage pieces recovered for B1 and B2A combined was similar in scale to that recovered from area A3, although there were less scrapers noted within the tool assemblage. A chert leaf shaped arrowhead was also recovered. Site B2M showed a small amount of debitage, seven flakes and one convex scraper, whereas B2N showed some debitage (24:4) flint to chert respectively. Site B2T was represented by a small amount of flint and chert debitage (4:2), and a flake of chert and flint. Four hammerstones recovered from the B1/B2A area may relate direct percussion reduction tools, although a number of flat and grinding stones would seem to be related to the later Bronze Age roundhouse. A number of saddle querns were represented in the fill of the house which relate to an earlier phase of activity, although a terminus ante quem date must be restricted to the second roundhouse phase. Site B2P produced a comparable amount of lithics to that uncovered in area A1 some 392 pieces, represented by 273:71 pieces of debitage (flint:chert), a number of unmodified flint and chert flakes (18:7), and two examples of chert and flint scrapers (4 in total). A chert hollow based projectile head was also represented. A pressure flaked Ballyglass type spearhead was also represented in flint, with some cortex still present. A barbed and tanged arrowhead (E109:1257) was recovered from B2P but no contextual information is available. The pottery from site B2P represented a similar range of pieces to that represented in A1, with both carinated and coarsewares present (70:15), all with crushed quartz inclusions. However, what is interesting is the substantial amount of charcoal noted from the eastern extension to the grid this material may contain a concentration of degraded pottery, as with A1.The 6 pieces of coarseware from site B1 may well be Neolithic due to the crushed quartz inclusions with their fabric, as with the pieces from B2P. However, 19 coarseware pieces from the roundhouse interior, and a further 16 from B2Q do not contain crushed quartz, and may well be of Bronze Age production (although the state of preservation may not lend itself to further identification).
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Discussion The main visible features in Area B are a roundhouse and associated cultivation plots and banks. Artefactual evidence, mainly from upslope (west) of this area, suggests a Neolithic presence, possibly extending to the Beaker period. This includes some artefacts of high quality, such as a javelin head. No structural evidence is clearly associated with this phase. The building in Area B appears now as a substantial Middle Bronze Age roundhouse. The perimeter of the building is defined by a substantial wall, consisting of a bank of earth and stone retained by large internal and external kerbstones. This wall is between 1.2m and 2m in width and survives to a height of 0.7m, probably very close to its original height. The construction of this wall varies greatly around its circuit, which is thought to represent a period of major modification as discussed below. From the west to the north west the wall consists of a bank of earth and stone with large upright kerb stones forming the outer wall face. There are large kerb stones on the inner face only at the far west. Beyond this point there are a series of large stones lying flat on the interior surface of the roundhouse forming a neat arc which runs right around to the north east of the building. It is suspected that these mark the base of the inner wall face, prior to the walls modification. As the outer wall face approaches the north west point of the circuit it curves inwards and runs diagonally through the bank. Beyond this point the bank is noticeably less stony and the inner and outer wall faces are of dry stone. From the north around to the eastern entrance the inner wall face is again faced by upright stones, but the outer wall face is still of dry stone. Beyond the entrance and around to the southern point of the circuit the bank consists of a much higher percentage of stone and the stones are a little larger than elsewhere. In this area the wall does not appear to have separate facing. This section of wall ends abruptly at the south and from this point around to the south west there is very little stone included within the bank. The wall here is again faced with large upright stones and at the south the outer wall face again cuts diagonally through the bank leaving the last of the uprights within the buildings interior, and this also marks the change between the predominantly stone built bank and the predominantly earthen bank. It should be highlighted that although the low level aerial photos suggest that wall of the structure was very squarish in profile, with vertical wall faces and a wide flat top, the on-site photographs suggest that the wall has a curving profile with sloping wall faces and a narrow rounded top. At present it is not entirely clear which profile is correct, or if the profile also varied around the circuit, but the balance of evidence suggests that the wall probably did have a curved profile. The structure has an entrance at the east consisting of a simple gap through the wall measuring 1.4m in width. The entrance is paved with large flat stones which extend for 2.6m into the interior, and extends beyond the structure to the east, where it becomes a large irregular shaped area measuring 6.3m from north to south, and 2.8m from east to west. A pair of postholes are located on either side of the entrance, at the point where the internal edge of the wall turns into the entrance. A thin upright sill stone is located on the line between these two postholes, marking the original location of the door. Further postholes flank the paving that extends into the interior, suggesting that the entrance led directly into the central area, whilst the space between the post ring and the inner wall face was inaccessible, and must have been accessed from elsewhere in the building. The building is surrounded by a shallow ditch which was presumably the source of the soil which was used in the bank, and would also have acted as a drain once the building was
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completed. The ditch is not continuous; there is a break at the west where the ditch has not been cut through the stony headland between the house and the tillage plot to the west, although the earth and stone bank is built over this stony build up, and at the east where the entrance to the building is located. Within the building there is a post-ring consisting of 21 postholes set around 1m in from the internal face of the wall. The post ring divides the interior of the building into two concentric spaces; a space between the wall and the post ring and a central area within the post-ring. The posts holes are a variety of sizes and depths, but typically measure around 0.3m by 0.2m and are between 0.2m and 0.35m deep. Around the north the individual posts of the post-ring are connected by a curvilinear feature, suggesting that a timber or wicker screen or wall of some sort connected the posts. The number of post holes is rather high for a single phase structure where between 8 and 12 post-holes would be more typical. It is therefore suggested that the structure was rebuilt on at least one occasion. Interestingly in several places the postholes are clustered into distinct groups of three, such as c138, c140 and c142, and c146, c148 and c150 at the north and c154, c156 and c158 and c162, c164 and c166 at the south. This may suggest that there are three separate phases to the building and that some postholes were reused in different phases whilst others were replaced during each rebuild. A small number of other postholes are present within the interior that are not associated with the post ring. These form no obvious pattern and may represent internal, non-structural posts, or posts that were erected as props to support sagging roof rafters. Two of the posts, c190 and c192, are located very close to the centre of the building and may represent two successive central posts that supported the apex of the roof. Around the northern side of the building there is a narrow vertically sided slot trench, the fill of which contained frequent medium sized stones. The feature, c109, is between 0.1m and 0.15m wide and appears to be between around 0.3m deep. It is not set concentrically with the internal face of the wall; at the north east and north the slot is around 0.25m away from the internal wall face but around the north west this distance diminishes and by the west, just before it runs into the unexcavated area, the gap between the two has closed. It is suggested that beyond this point that the feature continues but is covered by the substantial earth and stone wall and therefore pre-dates it. The form of this feature suggests that it had held a timber wall, and its position in relation to the earth and stone wall indicates that it predates it, although this would need to be confirmed through further excavation under the wall at the south of the structure. If the slot does indeed pre-date the earth and stone wall then it is reasonable to assume that this slot trench is the foundation for the wall of the original design of this structure, and that at some point it was replaced by the much more substantial wall constructed of stone and earth. As mentioned above the western part of the stone and earth wall was built over stones that had been cleared from the adjacent tillage plot; the line of this slot trench does not impinge on this stony area and it would seem that this earlier version of the building may have been occupied when the tillage plots were first created. Four small pits were located within the building, three of which are located just inside the line of the post-ring at the north, west and south of the building, whilst one is located between the post ring and the internal face of the wall at the north west. A small linear feature is present in the west of the central area although its function is not clear. In the centre of the building there was a large fire cracked slab, c188, covered in a spread of charcoal rich material,
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c198, which is clearly a hearth. A square setting of stones c189 located immediately east of the hearth seems to relate directly to this hearth, but its exact purpose is not known. Roundhouse Phase 1 In Phase 1 the outside of the house was defined by a continuous timber wall set in a narrow slot trench that was probably topped by a wall plate. Within this a ring of between 8 or 10 posts were erected to form a post-ring that would have been topped by a ringbeam. A conical thatched roof would have been supported by rafters resting on the ring beam and the wall plate. This building had a diameter of around 8.2m, probably had an entrance at the east and may have had a central post supporting the apex of the roof. Roundhouse Phase 2 The second phase of the building consisted of a slightly larger building defined by a low wall consisting of a bank of earth and stone retained by upright stones. The wall was around 1.2m wide in total, and it seems likely that this phase consisted of a circular or marginally ovoid structure with a maximum external dimension of around 8.4m. Because the eastern part of this structure was apparently removed when the Phase 3 building was built it is not possible to establish the exact size or shape of the building. Whilst the external dimensions of the building increased from Phase 1 to Phase 2, the internal space was smaller than the interior of the first phase building due to the width of the wall. It is estimated that the internal space was around 6.5m in maximum length, noticeably smaller than the estimated 7.9m of the first phase. The second phase structure was again a double ring roundhouse, but the structural elements worked somewhat differently to the Phase 1 house. The roof would have been supported by the internal post ring, which would have been topped by a ring beam, and would have provided the main structural strength. The ring beam would have included the westernmost pair of posts at the end of the entrance feature. The roof rafters would have rested on the top of the external wall, which despite its size may have provided little structural strength. As with the Phase 1 structure this building may have had a central post supporting the apex of the roof. The elaborate paved entrance may date to this phase, but it may be that only the western end was constructed during Phase 2 as this would match the presumed location of the Phase 2 doorway. In some places the post ring of the Phase 2 structure re-used the postholes of the phase 1 building, but in other places new postholes were dug adjacent to the older postholes.
Roundhouse Phase 3 The third phase of the building represents a major modification of the second phase building, and the re-use of some of its elements. It appears that most of the eastern half of the wall was removed and replaced by a wall which extended out further to the east. The third phase structure was again a double ring roundhouse and was very similar in design to the Phase 2 building, although it was somewhat larger with an internal diameter of 8.2m and an
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external diameter of 10.4m. The points at the north west and south where the large stones of the outer facing cut diagonally through the bank are thought to represent the points where the Phase 2 wall was demolished, and the wall to the north and south east of these points respectively belongs entirely to the third phase of the building. Approximately 60% of the wall of the Phase 3 building was newly constructed and approximately 40% was re-used from the previous phase. An arc of flat stones resting on the ground surface around the northern interior of the building, just inside the line of the curving slot trench, may possibly represent the base of the Phase 2 inner wall face that were not removed during Phase 3 and was reused within the building. It may also have been a newly created internal feature within the Phase 3 building or it may have resulted from the collapse of the Phase 3 internal wall face. The initial interpretation should probably be dismissed because there is no similar feature in the south of the building and because the distance between this feature and the outer wall facing diminishes where the outer facing cuts diagonally through the wall whereas if it really was the base of the inner wall face it should remain concentric to the outer wall face. The latter interpretation is interesting because from the west around to the north east the presence of the stones closely matches the areas where the wall has no internal face, but for a short stretch at the east the stone arc continues past an area where there is a definite internal wall face. It is also unlikely that, should the wall face have collapsed after the building was abandoned, the former facing stones would end up so neatly arranged within the internal space. It is therefore concluded that the feature belongs entirely to the third phase of the structure but its function remains unknown and it is curious that such a feature would be built so close to the edge of the wall. The post-ring was again replaced during this rebuilding. In some places Phase 1 and/or Phase 2 postholes were re-used, in other parts new postholes were dug next to the earlier ones. It has to be noted that the described sequence of phasing is tentative. The presence of the slot trench underneath the southern arc of the wall has not been confirmed by excavation, and the suggested modifications of the Phase 2 wall are not the only way to interpret the evidence. Supporting evidence of the existence of three distinctive phases is found when the quantity and location of postholes are considered. The post-ring currently consists of 21 postholes and at least one further example, but probably more, should be located within the unexcavated part of the building. This total could either be seen as two post-rings consisting of 11 or 12 posts, or three post-rings consisting of 7 or 8 posts. The grouping of post holes in the post-ring into distinctive clusters of three which occurs in four locations, strongly suggests that the post-ring was indeed built three times and that in some locations certain postholes were reused in different phases. This suggests that there were indeed three separate post-rings, and that given that some postholes were probably reused then each version consisted of 10 posts. Finally the features in the central area should be considered. The small stone setting c189 overlies two postholes. It is suggested that these postholes may have held central posts connecting to the apex of the roof. However it is noted that such a post is not a necessity for supporting conical roofs, and also that it is highly unlikely that two central posts were utilised simultaneously. This suggests that there were two successive central posts used within the building, and that eventually the central post was removed and replaced by the small stone setting and the adjacent hearth. Again this would tend to support the idea of there being three phases of building on the site, with Phases 1 and 2 having central posts, whilst in Phase 3 there was no central post and the area was covered over by the stone setting. The manner in which the paved entrance extends so far into the interior of
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the building is also consistent with the three phase interpretation. If the western end was laid during Phase 2 then when the wall was rebuilt further to the east then further paving may have been laid to fill the new entrance which neatly explains this unusual design. The small posts flanking the paving may actually be part of the Phase 2 entrance or they may have held posts supporting some form of screen that flanked the entrance and which would ensure that when entering the house a person would initially have to proceed into the central area before being able to access the perimeter space. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained from the within the roundhouse. SI-1473 came from a burnt block of wood recovered from an internal posthole of the porch; it returned a date of 1640-1210 cal BC. SI-1474 came from charcoal within the roundhouse and returned a date of 750-100 cal BC. The former date most likely is associated with the 2nd or 3rd phase of the building, as the porch does not seem relate to the original slot trench structure. The later date is broadly contemporary with the evidence for first millennium BC cultivation obtained by Verrill (see below). The building is surrounded by three tillage plots located to the south and west. The plots are neatly arranged and consist of cultivation ridges flanked by narrow furrows. The plots are not enclosed by fences but a wide headland separates the southern plot from the two western plots and a second headland was present between the roundhouse and the first of the western plots. The headlands between the individual plots were covered in stones removed from the cultivation areas. Given the large scale of the investigated area it appears that no further plots were created to the west or south but additional plots could conceivably be located to the north and east of the roundhouse. In total the three tillage plots cover an area of approximately 720m, just under one fifth of an acre. In almost every part of Area B small plough marks were recorded, thought to represent the practice of cross ploughing. Whilst there are distinct concentrations within the overall pattern it is likely that this simply reflects the areas which were not subsequently covered by the tillage plots or the roundhouse, and that the whole of the area to the south and west of the roundhouse had been ploughed in this manner. This process of concealment is illustrated clearly in B8 where the removal of the cultivation ridges revealed a dense concentration of plough marks. It is therefore suspected that further investigation under the cultivation ridges would radically alter the current distribution pattern of the plough marks. It was not known when this cross ploughing occurred as it is a simple agricultural technique which had a long duration. Caulfield considered the possibility that the ard marks could belong to the Neolithic phase of activity on the site, and certainly this technique has been recorded from Neolithic contexts, most famously beneath South Street Long Barrow in Wiltshire (Ashbee et al 1979). However Verrill (2006, 182-6) has shown that both ard and ridge cultivation belong to the Bronze Age, with only a very brief break in between. Ard cultivation, possibly involving ash fertilisers, was initially used on both plots. BB2 fell out of use, probably at around 840 cal BC. A reorganisation of the agricultural regime followed, with ridges dug in BB1: (t)his agricultural phase ended at some time during the radiocarbon calibration plateau in the midthird millennium cal. BP. (Verrill 2006, 173). In both the ard phase and the ridge phase the principal crop seems to have been Barley, and this seems to have been farmed exclusively. Further discussion of Verrills models are given below, and it is important to note that they do not sit easily with the stratigraphic relationships between the roundhouse and the cultivation plots. Likewise, Guttmans radiocarbon dating of a charcoal rich soil, possibly a midden, at
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the western extremity of the ridged areas, returned dates of 2020-1770 cal BC (OxA-15270, 356330 bp) and 21401930 cal BC (OxA-15271, 364930 bp) which, as discussed below, this appears to be too early for the ridges, certainly for this charcoal rich soil to overlie the ridges. Reconciling these detailed programmes of analysis with the broader narrative provided by the stratigraphic sequences of the site is challenging. The large unexcavated baulks remaining in this area of the site should provide further detail. Area C Area C was excavated to investigate a major north-south field wall at the western edge of the settlement site. A total of 8 cuttings were opened over the wall, covering a total distance of 60.5m. The cuttings were 2.5m wide, apart from Cutting 4 which was only 2m wide, and varied between 2m and 16m in length. The southern portion of the wall was accompanied by a series of postholes which continued beyond the walls southern limit, and were investigated in an additional series of cutting. Unfortunately very few details of this southern extension are present in the site archive. The excavation Bulletins for 1971 and 1973 describes a number of preserved stakes were recovered from this area, thought to be the continuation of the line of stakes that accompany the wall to the north. The stakes were recovered over a distance of 50m and were described as being 8-12 cm in diameter and having been set into peat rather than the underlying mineral soil. All of the recovered stakes that have been examined have been found to be oak. A large east west aligned trench was also excavated in Area C, located up slope of the 8 cuttings over the wall. No information about this trench, other than its location, is included in the site archive and it is assumed that no archaeological features were discovered in it. A charcoal spread with hazelnut shells, some broken flint scrapers and sherds of pottery was located at the extreme northern end in area C at the south east area of the site. A cutting within the boundary of the stone walls at the extreme southern end of the site revealed a very stony area that contained sherds of pottery with sharply-angular quartz grit, similar to pottery from the Glenulra enclosure. A total of 59 contexts were identified in the 8 formally recorded cuttings in Area C. These represent the wall and its collapse, and the postholes ant their fills.
Context 600: Wall Collapse: A large spread of medium and large stones is present in all the trenches, typically covering the entire width, but with an obvious concentration over the underlying wall. The stones vary in size with maximum lengths of 0.2m to 0.7m. The depth of this layer of collapse was not recorded. Context 601: Dry stone wall: In Cuttings 4, 5 and 6 the layer of wall collapse was removed to reveal the surviving core of the wall. The wall varied in width along its length but narrowed noticeably at the south. At the northern end and middle section of the wall was between 0.95m and 0.85m wide and 0.45m high. At the south the wall was smaller with the width reducing to around 0.5m and the height reducing to 0.3m. The northern and middle sections of the wall were built directly onto the mineral soil, but the southern section of the wall is built on top of a thin layer of peat, which becomes progressively deeper towards the southern end. The wall is of well built dry stone and had proper facing on both sides. South of these cuttings the wall does not continue, but north of these cuttings the wall continues right across Area F, and into the area north of Area F, as described below. The wall continuing into area F is built on the mineral soil. Context 602: In situ post: At the north of Cutting 4, located 0.12m west of the wall c601. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.08m. The depth is not recorded. Context 604: In situ post: Cutting 4, located 0.04m west of the wall c601 and 1.58m south of the c602. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m. The depth is not recorded.
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Context 606: In situ stake: north of Cutting 5 located 0.46m west of the wall c601. The stake hole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. The depth is not recorded. Context 608: In situ stake: in Cutting 5 located 0.4m west of the wall c601 and 3.36m south of the c606. Stake hole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. The depth is not recorded. Context 610: In situ stake: in Cutting 5 located 0.06m west of the wall c601 and 1.28m south of the c608. Stake hole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 612: In situ stake: in Cutting 5 located 0.04m west of the wall c601 and 0.82m south of the posthole c610. Stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. No depth is recorded. Context 614: In situ stake in Cutting 5 located under a displaced stone from the wall, 0.08m west of the northern face of the wall c601 and 2.34m south of c612. Stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. No depth is recorded. Context 616: In situ post: in Cutting 5 located 0.04m west of the wall c601 and 2.24m south of the c614. Post hole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m. No depth is recorded. Context 618: In situ post: in Cutting 5 located underneath the middle of the wall c601 and 1.78m south of c616. Circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m. No depth is recorded. Context 620: In situ stake: in Cutting 5 located underneath the middle of the wall c601 and 1.75m south of c618. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 622: In situ stake: in Cutting 5 located immediately east of the wall c601 and 0.6m south east of c620. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 624: in situ stake: in Cutting 5 located 0.4m east of the wall c601 and 0.38m east south east of c622. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.08m. No depth is recorded. Context 626: in situ stake: in Cutting 5 located immediately east of the wall c601 and 1.14m south of c622. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 628: in situ stake: at the north of Cutting 6, located 0.02m east of the wall c601. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 630: in situ stake: In Cutting 6 located immediately east of the wall c601 and 0.73m south of c628. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. No depth is recorded. Context 632: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located in a small gap in the wall c601 and 0.16m south of c630. The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m. No depth is recorded. Context 634: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located in a small gap in the wall c601, and 0.04m south west of c632. The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m. No depth is recorded. Context 636: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located in a small gap in the wall c601, and 0.08m south east of c634. The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. No depth is recorded. Context 638: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located 0.08m east of the wall c601 and 0.27m south of c636. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m. No depth is recorded. Context 640: in situ post: in Cutting 6 located 0.03m east of the wall c601 and 0.45m south of c638. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.11m. No depth is recorded. Context 642: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located 0.02m east of the wall c601 and 0.06m south west of c640. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded.
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Context 644: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located 0.26m east of the wall c601 and 0.18m south east of c640. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m. No depth is recorded. Context 646: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located immediately east of the wall c601 and 0.68m south south west of c644. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m. No depth is recorded. Context 648: in situ post: in Cutting 6 located 0.16m east of the wall c601 and 0.97m south of c644. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m. No depth is recorded. Context 650: in situ post: in Cutting 6 located 0.04m south of the wall c601 and 0.1m west of c648. The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth was recorded. Context 652: in situ post: in Cutting 6 located 0.24m east of the wall c601 and 0.27m south south west of c648. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.09m. No depth is recorded. Context 654: in situ stake: in Cutting 6 located 0.16m east of the wall c601 and 0.48m south of c650. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 656: in situ stake: in Cutting 7 located immediately west of the wall c601. The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m. No depth is recorded. Context 658: Deposit of Bark: On Plans No.41 and 52 A deposit labelled as Bark is shown at the far north of Cutting 6, immediately east of and possibly underlying, the wall c601. The deposit is sub-rectangular in plan with a maximum length of 1.06m from north to south and has a maximum length of 0.4m from east to west. There is no detailed information describing this deposit and its depth is also not recorded.
Finds
Area C produced one hammerstone.
Discussion Excavations in Area C revealed a rather slender dry stone wall running north to south for a distance of 62.5m. The wall continues to the north where it incorporates the western side of the oval enclosure in Area F, and continues beyond Area F to the north where it eventually passes beyond the investigated area. To the south the wall continues on an increasing depth of peat before ending abruptly. The line of the wall was found to be continued to the south as a line of oak stakes continuing for c.50m beyond the end of the wall, before again passing beyond the investigated area. In total then the wall runs for 180m from north to south and its southern end overlies gradually increasing depths of peat. Once the peat becomes too deep the wall ends but is continued as a line of stakes, presumably part of a fence. The combined linear length of the wall and fence is therefore 210m, but it may well continue beyond the limits of the excavations to both north and south. The wall was found to be largely collapsed but in the areas where this collapse was removed the lower portions were found to survive reasonably well. It is a slender wall being in general between 0.8m and 1m wide. However at the south where it overlies the peat deposits it is only 0.5m wide. It is built using a simple dry stone technique with well coursed stonework and near vertical faces. It survives to a maximum height of 0.6m. Two stakes from the feature have been radiocarbon dated. The sample SI-1471 returned a date of between 1700-1300 cal BC and the sample SI-1472 returned a date of between 1690-1290 cal BC (see below). The samples indicate a construction date towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age which is consistent with the dated block of wood from the roundhouse.
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The manner in which the southern end of the wall overlies peat and is then continued as a fence line suggests that peat had formed in that area by the Middle Bronze Age but that the remains of the Neolithic activity in the area was in some way retarding the development of peat in the immediate area, permitting the re-occupation of the area in the Middle Bronze Age and the successful establishment of a small farmstead. The purpose of this long linear wall and fence is unclear. It obviously denotes a division of land at a far greater scale than seen in the tillage plots adjacent to the roundhouse, but it is surprisingly slender in appearance. It is also clearly not separating areas of differential land use, as there is a big gap between the western end of the tillage plots and the wall, whilst it also extends from the peat free area into the deep bog to the south. It is possible that it marks the western edge of a territorial unit running along the valley encompassing a variety of different environments. Area D Excavations in Area D were undertaken to investigate a possible oval enclosure attached to a long east to west field wall belonging to the Neolithic field system. Excavation and extensive probing of the bog revealed that the wall which defined the possible enclosure was only present as a pronounced southwards curve in the east west field wall. Excavation in Area D included five trenches cut directly over the wall and two long east west aligned trenches within the area inside the putative enclosure. Three further trenches were excavated over the continuation of the east west field wall to the south of the modern road, but these require re-surveying. The western end of one of these east west trenches was eventually extended to expose the area where the return of the curving wall turns back to the west. Unfortunately the excavations within Area D are poorly represented in the site archive. The only plan that exists from the area shows a narrow strip of one of the east west trenches, which contains a reasonably dense scatter of stone, comparable with the spreads of stone in the western part of Area A and within the enclosure in Area F, but no archaeological features. A single section through the wall is present although it has not been possible to identify where this section was excavated. Given the limitations of the site archive for this area the following discussion is necessarily speculative, and the conclusions are highly tentative.
Context 700: Wall Collapse: Light spread of medium and large rounded stones covering the surviving base of the wall c701. The spread of stone was wide, covering most of each trench. However the density of stone was low; in most instances there was only a single layer of widely spaced stones. Context 701: Base of Curving Wall: The base of the enclosure wall was constructed of medium and large rounded stones that are roughly coursed and forming a wall base. The wall varies in width between 1.1m and 1.7m but has a more consistent height of between 0.4m and 0.5m. This curving section of wall is noticeably narrower and lower than the straight section of the wall to the east c703. Context 702: Wall Collapse: Dense spread of medium and large rounded stones covering the surviving base of the field wall c703. The spread of stone appears to be around 3m wide and consists of a single layer of medium and large stones with a reasonably dense distribution. Context 703: Base of Field Wall: At the east of Area where the curving wall straightens out and runs off to the east the wall dramatically increases in size. The base of the field wall here is constructed of medium and large rounded stones that are roughly coursed and forming a wall base around 2.2m in width and with a maximum surviving height of 0.6m.
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Finds
Area D1 produced a lithic assemblage consisting of small chert cores and 1 piece of flint debitage. 1 flint flake was also represented. Two flint flakes were recovered from site D2. Four carinated ware and two coarseware pieces were found in area D1, comprised of a crushed quartz rich fabric. A further 20 pieces of a probable Neolithic ceramic with a grey fabric (but similar to carinated wares fabric) were uncovered associated with a charcoal spread/hearth in the area which has otherwise not been identified in the archive. Some of the grey fabric pieces exhibited a distinctive shoulder/neck applied decoration of larger crushed quartz pieces, which would have presented practicality problems if utilised in a domestic context other examples of the same was noted in areas E1 and F4. Four pieces of twisted cord decorated coarsewares were uncovered in the area, although these are the only real decorated pieces uncovered.
Discussion The principal archaeological feature within Area D is a substantial dry stone field wall. This wall, c703, begins some distance to the east of the modern road and runs directly upslope until it enters Area D. At this point it turns to the south west and describes a large arc before returning to its former line. The curving section of the wall is 43m in length from east to west. This curving section has been assigned the context number c701. After this the wall continues for approximately 13m to the north west where it splits into two at a Y shaped junction. From this junction one branch, c908, runs off to the west, proceeding up the slope into Area F where it essentially becomes the south western side of an oval enclosure, whilst the other branch, c040, turns to the north and runs across the slope for approximately 17m into Area A, where it turns to the east and runs back down the slope for a considerable distance. Where exposed each portion of the curving wall was found to be covered by a light spread of collapsed stone, c700, running right across the width of the trench. Where this was removed the surviving base of the wall, c701, was found to be well built in dry stone, with a width of between 1.1m and 1.7m and a surviving height of up to 0.5m. In one cutting the collapsed stone was used to rebuild a length of the wall and there was enough stone to re-create a wall that was 0.9m wide and up to 0.9m high, which provides a realistic estimate of the size of the original, although the original foundation visible at the base of this reconstruction protrudes beyond the reconstructed wall face by around 0.15m on both sides. At the points where the probable enclosure wall connected with the main east west field wall, 703, it was clear that the field wall was a more substantial feature, with a width of around 2.2m and the amount of collapsed material associated with these stretches, c702, suggest that the field wall would also have been a considerable height. The curving arc in the wall was the principal focus of the excavations in this area. Whilst no northern counterpart was found it seems likely that such a feature once existed and what survives is simply the southern side of an oval enclosure measuring 43m from east to west and perhaps as much as 35m from north to south. It is possible that the northern side of this enclosure was not defined by a stone wall, but a timber fence or even a hedge was utilised, neither of which would be identifiable through bog probing. A more plausible explanation is that the northern side of the enclosure was built in a similar manner to the southern side but it has been removed in its entirety at some point, leaving the remaining portion as a curving detour in the east west field wall. The removal of just the northern side of the enclosure would have enabled the entire area between the east west field walls in Areas A and D to have been used as a single large field and it may have simply seemed unnecessary to
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straighten out the southern arc. It is possible that the suggested northern side of the enclosure was removed during the Bronze Age reoccupation of the site. Two other explanations can be offered for the unusual curve in the field wall, although neither seems as plausible as the above explanation. It is possible that it was built to avoid a pre-existing feature or area of importance that had already been established. Similar kinks in boundaries are reasonably common and can sometimes be explained even if the site that was being avoided has subsequently been removed. However in this instance the extensive excavations within Area D failed to find any evidence of a pre-existing feature that would have required the wall to be diverted. The other explanation would be that the wall was purposely designed to be this shape and that such a shape was a functional requirement. It is however very hard to imagine what purpose such a deflection could have had without other structural elements, such as fences and posts, and as no such features were discovered during the excavations this explanation is unsatisfactory. Neither explanation would seem to justify the difference in character of the walls noted above. If then it is accepted that this feature was formally an oval enclosure attached to the field walls and that one side was removed leaving the other as essentially just being part of the field wall, the function of the enclosure and the date of the modification must be considered. There are three obvious uses that such an enclosure could be used for; as an arable field; to enclose a settlement; to hold stock. The ground within the enclosure is very stony and this rather militates against it being used for tillage. The lack of identifiable features within the enclosure, such as hearths, postholes, foundation trenches or walls suggest that the enclosure was not built around a settlement. The paucity of finds from Area D also seems to indicate that the enclosure was not domestic in nature. Given the lack of evidence to support the first two interpretations it seems most likely that the enclosure was a stock enclosure of some sort. The lack of finds and features within the enclosure is consistent with this usage, but any interpretation based around a lack of evidence should always be approached with some caution. Area E Area E consisted of two very long east west trenches in the centre of the site and a third very small east west trench located slightly to the north. Unfortunately there is little information in the site archive about these excavations. However the overall plan of the site shows to narrow linear features crossing the trench, a pre-bog field wall and a modern field drain. It may be possible at a later stage to add additional information to the following account.
Context 801: Field Wall: A small stretch of walling is shown just east of the middle of E1. The wall runs straight across the trench from north east to south west but is not shown in either of the other trenches. Context 802: Wall Collapse: Context number assigned to collapsed material that presumably accompanies the wall. Context 803: Field Drain: A modern field drain runs from north west to south east across this part of the site and was visible in E1 and E3.
Finds
Area E1 produced cores of both flint and chert (3:1), although only 6 pieces of debitage (flint). Eleven flint flakes and one blade were recovered, along with one chert flake.
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One piece of grey fabric carinated ware was recovered from E1.
Despite the large area covered by the excavations in Area E only one archaeological feature has been identified during this phase of post excavation work. It is possible that other features were identified and excavated and that at a later stage information regarding them will become available when all of the drawn record has been fully processed, as was described in Section 1.2. The wall in Area E1 does not appear in E2 or E3, nor does it appear to line up any of the recorded features in Areas B or F, which suggests that it either takes a more curving course beyond this trench, that it has been largely robbed out or that it was not a particularly long stretch of wall to begin with. It is not clear if this wall should be associated with the Neolithic or Bronze Age phase of activity on the site, but some evidence of Neolithic activity is present in this area. Area F Eleven adjacent cuttings were opened up in this area named site F (Figure 2). The cuttings measured 10m by 10m and form a rectangular area 40m by 30 with a 10m box unexcavated at the north east. The excavations revealed a large oval enclosure measuring 35m by 20m with its long axis aligned northwest to southeast. The enclosure is integrated into the main system of field walls on the site and therefore is associated with the Neolithic phase of activity on the site. Possible entrances are located at the south west and north east and the enclosure is connected to a field wall that runs down hill to the east to join the field wall running between Areas A and D. A length of this wall was exposed in a linear trench extending from the east of Area F. The field wall exposed in Area C also runs through Area F passing immediately west of the enclosure. A small rectangular extension was extended to the west of the field wall, revealing a concentration of large boulders and at least one large upright stone.
Context 601: North South Field Wall: The north south field wall of Bronze Age date that was exposed in Area C continued right across the west of Area F. This wall was built on a thin (<5cm) deposit of peat in this area. It ran due north across the area apart from a stretch where it curves to the west incorporating the westernmost edge of the oval enclosure. The wall in this area is in general the same size and appearance as seen at the north of Area C, however as it approaches the enclosure wall c900 the stones that are utilised become noticeably larger. These large stones are up to 1.2m in maximum length representing a considerable increase in size. It is likely that these large stones were robbed from the adjacent section of the enclosure wall and a void in the enclosure wall, c901, appears to mark the location that the stones were taken from. Context 900: Enclosure Wall: The north, east and western sides of the perimeter of the enclosure is defined by a substantial dry stone wall. This wall was between 1.4m and 2m wide. The interior of the enclosure is higher than the exterior area suggesting that some alterations have been made to the ground surface. Therefore the height of the wall is around 0.3m when measured to the interior and around 0.6m when measured to the exterior. Context 901: Void in the centre of the Wall c900: Around the south of the enclosure the wall is more complicated as the middle of the wall has been robbed away leaving a void in between material collapsed from the wall. The void is approximately 1m wide which must approximate the original width of the intact wall. Context 902: Wall Collapse External to the Enclosure: A thin spread of medium sized stone built up around the outside edge of the enclosure wall c900. It is up to 0.8m wide and consists of a random assortment of stones up to 0.3m in height. Context 903: Wall Collapse Internal to the Enclosure: A thin spread of medium sized stone built up around the inside edge of the enclosure wall c900. It is up to 0.6m wide and consists of a random assortment of stones up to 0.3m in height.
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Context 904: Possible Entrance: A possible entrance maybe located at the south west of the enclosure. It appears to be a simple gap measuring 1.2m wide and there is some evidence of the southern side being properly faced. However the northern side of the entrance is very poorly defined as this is the area where the wall has been robbed out during the construction of the Bronze Age wall c601. Context 905: Possible Entrance: A second possible entrance is located at the north east of the enclosure. It is a simple gap in the wall measuring 1.4m in width. The sides of the entrance are not faced and it is possible that this is feature is not actually an entrance but has resulted from damage to the enclosure wall at some point. Context 906: Large Stone Spread: At the west of the enclosure there is a concentration of large boulders covering an area of approximately 15m by 7m. The stones vary in size and have maximum lengths between 0.7m and 1.4m. The stones do not form any obvious pattern and there are no definite examples of the stones being set, although there are several possible examples. It is not clear whether these stones are simply natural boulders that were not removed from the interior of the enclosure or represent the collapsed or demolished remains of some form of structure. The small western extension of Area F uncovered a continuation of this spread of boulders c909, which may indicate a natural origin, but the only definite example of a set stone from the spread as a whole, c910, is present in that area. Context 907: Wall Collapse: Light spread of medium and large rounded stones covering the surviving base of the field wall c908. The spread of stone appears to be around 2.5m wide and consists of a single layer of medium and large stones which are reasonably widely spaced. Context 908: East West Field Wall: An east west aligned field wall runs from the south eastern side of the oval enclosure. It runs down slope to the east and connects to the north south field wall running between Area A and Area D. The base of the wall is on average 1.7m wide and survives to a height of 0.3m. The wall is constructed of course dry stone walling without properly defined wall faces. Context 909: Large Stone Spread: In the small western extension of Area F a spread of large boulders was uncovered, an extension of the spread within the enclosure c910. The stones have maximum lengths ranging between 0.7m and 1.8m. There is a single definite example of a set stone within the spread, c910, but several probable examples are also present. Context 910: Large Upright Stone Slab: At the south of the western extension of Area F there is a very large upright stone slab, measuring 2.2m in length, 0.3m in width and standing to a height of 0.8m. The stone is aligned east west and may be part of an east west field wall extending to the west or it may have been part of a stone built structure of some sort. Context 911: Medium Stone Spread: The interior of the enclosure is covered in a reasonably dense spread of small and medium sized stones. The stones rest on the upper surface of the mineral soil and cover all areas of the enclosure, apart from the area covered by the large stone spread c906. It is noticeable in the plan that the stone spread is less dense in the areas adjacent to the wall and therefore the origin of the stone is not the wall itself.
Finds
Area F1 produced seven cores (6 chert; 1 flint), a number of flakes (61 chert: 14 flint), and some flint and chert debitage (17:26). One concave scraper was noted along with a probable petit tranchet derivative arrowhead, both in chert. Seven hammerstones were recovered from the area. Area F4 produced a probable concave scraper and flake, both chert. One piece of thick grey fabric coarseware was recovered from F4.
The oval enclosure in Area F is an important component of the Neolithic phase of occupation at Belderg Beg. The enclosure is a narrow oval shape measuring 35m from north west to south east and 20m from north east to south west. It is defined by a substantial dry stone wall. The wall is roughly built of dry stone apart from a small section at the south where the wall has been robbed away and its position is recorded as a void between the adjacent piles of wall collapse. To the north a section of c. 10m of the enclosure has been robbed, near its junction with the north-south Bronze Age wall. The wall is between 1m and 1.4m wide, although the manner in which it has collapsed probably makes it appear somewhat wider
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than it actually was. The wall survives to a height of around 0.3m when measured from the interior and the reasonably small amount of associated wall collapse suggests that originally that height was not that much greater. An estimated original height of around 0.5m to 0.6m appears to be of the right order. Two possible entrances are visible in the perimeter of the enclosure, and whilst neither can be claimed to be definite examples, it is interesting that they are located opposite each other on the enclosures north east to south west aligned short axis. The probable north east entrance is 1.2m width whilst the probable south west entrance is 1.4m wide. Examination of the plan suggests that the southern and western sides of the enclosure are actually a direct continuation of the field wall c908 that runs down slope to the east and connects to the field wall running between Areas A and D. It is therefore possible that the enclosure was formed by constructing the eastern/northern wall between two pre-existing parts of the field wall to enclose the corner of a pre-existing field. Of course it is equally possible that the field wall and the eastern/northern side of the enclosure were constructed simultaneously, or that the eastern/northern enclosure wall was added so soon after the completion of the field wall as to make no tangible difference. Examination of the overall plan suggests another possibility, that the east west field wall is actually looping back round on itself to make the enclosure and that all parts of the wall are essentially contemporary. The importance of the closed loop interpretation of the enclosure in Area F is that it explains what happens to the east west field wall c908 once it reaches the enclosure and why its continuation has not been recorded elsewhere on the site. No archaeological features have been recorded from within the interior of the enclosure which causes considerable difficulty in regard to what use is assigned to the enclosure. In general the ground surface within the enclosure is covered in medium sized stones, c906. The origin of these stones is unclear but they are clearly not collapse from the walling and it may be that they represent the back ground level of stones in this area or that they were cleared from some other area of the site and deposited into the enclosure after it had gone out of use. Certainly they do not form any coherent pattern and do not appear to be the collapsed or demolished remains of any form of structure or walling. If the stones spread across the interior are not a later addition to the enclosure after its primary use was halted then they present a serious impediment to any explanation of the enclosures function. The presence of these stones in such quantity suggest that the interior of the enclosure could not have been used for tillage. It is also unlikely that the enclosure could have been a domestic site as the stones seriously hamper movement; however for the same reason it is equally unlikely that the enclosure would have been used to hold cattle. If the enclosure were used as an animal pen then sheep or goats would be the obvious candidate given the stony nature of the ground, but the enclosure wall does not appear to have ever been tall enough to effectively contain either species. The most likely explanation of function, if the stone spread is an original feature of the enclosure, is that the enclosure was used for some sort of crop processing or industrial activity which either was not hampered by the stones, which utilised the stones in some way, or which the stone spread is actually a by-product of. There is a concentration of large boulders at the west c906 which extends beyond the enclosure to the west, c909. A single definite upright stone slab, c910, is set amongst the external boulder spread. Whilst in general these stones appear to be natural in origin, the
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presence of the upright slab suggests that they could possibly have been part of a heavily collapsed or demolished structure or wall. The Bronze Age wall c601 runs past the western edge of the oval enclosure and actually curves out to the west to avoid the western most point of the enclosure. The wall in this area has clearly been constructed from stones robbed from the enclosure wall, as demonstrated by the sudden increase in the size of the stones that the wall is constructed from, and by the presence of a void in the centre of the enclosure wall around the southern side of the enclosure where stones have clearly been removed. The manner in which the Bronze Age wall diverts around the western side of the enclosure can be explained in terms of the relative sizes of the two different walls. Even in its collapsed state the wall of the enclosure is far more substantial than the Bronze Age wall and it would have required considerably more effort to either build over the collapsed enclosure wall, or to remove it. Area G Area G consisted of a single trench measuring 15m east to west and 5m from north to south. The trench was located to the west of Area D and south of Area F. The site archive for this trench is limited to two plans, one of which shows an area of charcoal and bark close to the centre of the trench, the other shows five small plough marks located at the east end of the trench which are similar to those found in Area B.
Context 1001: Deposit of Charcoal and Bark: Shown on Plan No.76 This feature is an irregular shaped spread of charcoal and bark located a little to the east of the centre of the trench. It measures 0.6m from east to west and 0.45m from north to south. No other details are known. Context 1002: Plough Mark: This plough mark is the longest recorded and runs for 1.4m from west to east before reaching the edge of the excavated area, and was 0.08m wide. Context 1003: Plough Mark: This plough mark measures 0.3m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.08m north of c1002. Context 1004: Plough Mark: This plough mark measures 0.26m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.08m north of c1002. Context 1005: Plough Mark: This plough mark measures 0.18m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.22m north of c1002. Context 1006: Plough Mark: This plough mark measures 0.3m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and cuts through or is cut by the plough mark c1002.
The excavations in Area G revealed a small charcoal and bark spread and a small number of plough marks. Both of these features were represented elsewhere on the site, but a lack of details hinders the discussion of them in Area G. The presence of plough marks so far to the main concentration in Area B is of great interest as it suggests either a second area of cross ploughing at the south of the site, or that the cross ploughing recorded in Area B extends across a much larger area, although the former explanation seems more likely because plough marks were not recorded in the intervening Areas A or E. Area H Area H was a small rectangular trench located to the east of the modern road approximately half way between the field walls in Area A and Area D. The Trench measured 13m from
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north to south and 13m from east to west and was excavated in four quadrants separated by narrow baulks. The trench was one of the first excavations that took place at Belderg and unfortunately it is not represented at all in the site archive, other than its presence in a number of low level oblique aerial photographs (Figure 3). Fortunately the cutting remains open and was re-examined in September 2009. The trench contained a small sub-circular enclosure defined by a dry stone wall which was attached to a north west field wall at the east of the trench. It is not clear what this small enclosure was used for and it is possible that it actually represents the foundation of a small building. No features are visible within the enclosure, but the interior is covered by a spread stone that has probably collapsed from the wall and may be concealing internal features.
Context 1101: Field Wall: A north south aligned field wall runs across the far east of Area H. It consists of a low dry stone wall measuring 1.75m in width and surviving to height of around 0.4m. The wall consists of roughly coursed medium and large stones. Context 1102: Enclosure Wall: Attached to the west size of the field wall c1101 there is a dry stone wall that defines a subcircular enclosure which has a maximum external diameter of 10m and an internal diameter of 8.3m. The wall is approximately 0.7m wide and survives to a height of 0.3m. No entrance feature is apparent.
It is difficult given the current level of information to interpret the archaeology within Area H, and further work is clearly needed in this area. The north south field wall at the east of Area H may be a cross wall connecting the two east west field walls in the east of Areas A and D, but the rest of its course should be established through further bog probing. The enclosure is small in size and may have been a small animal pen of some sort but it is possible that it represents a second house. This structure should be cleaned and recorded and the interior area should be given a thorough cleaning to check for internal features.
3.2 Overview of Artefacts

In terms of an overall discussion of the artefact assemblage, it is clear that the majority of the material may be assigned a Neolithic date, although distinctions within the assemblage may be further explored as a result of the specialist reports to be produced. A small number of finds designated MM are surface finds given to Caulfield by the landowner of the adjacent plot (Michael OMalley) during the excavation. A barbed and tanged arrowhead was recovered from c 150m west of the Bronze Age wall at the west of the excavations. The find probably represents some Beaker period activity in the general Belderrig area (this is strengthened by the presence a second barbed and tanged arrowhead was recovered from B2P). Three pieces of coarseware pottery (undiagnostic) were also found by MM. Certainly the areas of charred hazelnut shells in A1 and areas B2P (3) and B2T (2) are interesting, as are the samples of disturbed matting which have been initially categorised as bark strips. In terms of the lithic evidence presented, it is suggested that two hubs of lithic activity can be distinguished. The most obvious concentration is defined as A1, with a concentration of chert and quartz associated with the paved area. The quartz would seem to be specifically related to the ortostats in the wall - referred to in the original excavation notes as standing stones. A large amount of pottery (mostly carinated wares) would seem to be concentrated in this area, although the charcoal spreads and level of degraded pottery represented in the
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samples may suggest production and waste materials rather than utilised wares. A number of hammerstones and a maul from area A1 have been suggested as tools for the reduction of quartz debitage as temper for the pottery. The lithic evidence would also suggest a hub of flint production around the B2P area, largely consisting of flint. Some pottery concentration was also noted in the area, with a relatively large number of carinated ware pieces, but whether the pieces are part of a larger spread of material was not identified by the excavation (although the charcoal samples gathered for the area may contain evidence for a larger amount of degraded pottery). Apart from the hub areas for chert and flint reduction, there are several satellite locations were small amounts of both chert and flint are present. These satellite locations are dominated by flakes with little debitage, although the presence of horn in a semi processed state may represent further production strategies. Leaf shaped arrowheads and possible petit tranchet heads would suggest an early to middle Neolithic date for lithic production, as would the carinated pottery. Of particular interest is the cortex backed spearhead (especially given the proximity of Ballyglass which has similar javelin heads). One of the samples from the A3 area consisted of a probable round bottomed carinated pot that would appear to have been deposited on one piece, rim to the ground (identify photo). Although the sample is heavily degraded it is possible to suggest that this was probably a deliberate deposition, and that more ritualised activities than production were taking place in the immediate area of Belderg. A number of saddle querns were identified, some in the packing of postholes of the roundhouse (Caulfield pers. comm.). However, one sample does refer to residue from a saddle quern associated with the roundhouse which may suggest at least one should be phased with the house.
3.3 Samples and Palaeoenvironmental evidence

Some 341 samples in total were recovered from Belderg Beg over the course of the various excavation seasons. The majority of the samples (175) were taken from Area B and Area A (130), whilst the number of those taken from Areas C, E, F and G totalled 16, 9, 7 and 4 respectively. Of the 130 samples from Area A, the majority (92) consisted of possible degraded pottery. Twenty seven charcoal samples were also recovered from Area A during the various excavations, mostly processed but without any flot retention. 105 samples were recovered from Area A1, the majority of which consisted of degraded pottery. Twelve samples of charcoal were also taken from Area A1, 2 hazel nut shell samples and 1 possible sample of charred seeds. Whilst some 5 samples of probable degraded pottery were recovered from Area A2, 2 samples of animal horn (one probably bovine, the other ovine in origin) provide an interesting avenue for further exploration, especially given the lack of other examples in the rest of the excavations. The amount of probable degraded pottery recovered from Area A3 is comparable to that recovered Area 2, however, one sample does consist of a probable pot base that has degraded in situ and as such may be retrievable with some form of specialist conservation (it seems to be round bottomed and may be an early Neolithic carinated vessel). Of the 175 samples taken from Area B, the majority (86) consisted of charcoal, although most of this consists of charcoal that would seem to have been processed, without any flot retention. 65 soil samples were taken from Area B, mostly associated with charcoal rich spreads. 1 sample was taken from a deposit of flint and charcoal that was found associated
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with the house structure. 6 samples of probable degraded pot were also retreived. Five hazelnut shell samples were taken from the area. 8 samples of what was originally referred to as matting (probable birch bark strips) were also recovered. Of the Area B samples, the majority (91) were taken from the B1 (also B2A) area of the original excavation, largely the Bronze Age house and immediate area. Of the 16 samples recovered from Area C all were wood samples, including a small number of well preserved posts, one of which at least exhibited identifiable axe marks. The samples recovered from Area E consisted mainly of charcoal (7), however, one sample of probable degraded pot and one seed example were also recovered. Five samples of charcoal were recovered from Area F, along with 2 probable degraded pottery samples. Four samples of probable birch bark strips were recovered from Area G.
3.4 Dating
A total of ten radiocarbon dates have been obtained directly from archaeological materials on site; five by Caulfield, three from a programme of test pits excavated in 2004 by Erika Guttman and two in conjunction with micromorphological analyses of the cultivation ridges by Lucy Verrill. Further dating evidence is provided by the programmes of analysis of pine (and other) trees in the bogs of the region, including six dates from immediately adjacent (Caulfield et al. 1998). These are not reported here.
Cal BC (95.4% prob.)
Description
Reference
SI - 1471 SI- 1472 SI - 1473 SI - 1474 SI - 1475 GU-11268 GU-11269
Table X: Radiocarbon dates from Belderg Beg
Lab Code
3220 3210 3170 2295 2905 2450 2730
BP uncal
85 85 85 75 75 35 40
Error
1700-1300 cal BC 1690-1290 cal BC 1640-1210 cal BC 750-100 cal BC 1370-900 cal BC 760-400 cal BC 980-800 cal BC
From pointed oak stake/post along the line of the wall that built on the peat From pointed oak stake/post along the line of the wall that built on the peat Burnt block of wood from post hole of porch of phase 2/3 roundhouse. Charcoal within the roundhouse. Charcoal associated with a flint scatter at in Area A2 Sample BB1: basal peat Sample BB2: basal peat
Caulfield 1978 Caulfield 1974 Caulfield 1978, Caulfield 1974 Caulfield 1978, Caulfield 1974 Caulfield 1978 Caulfield 1978 Verrill 2006: Table 6.2 Verrill 2006: Table 6.2
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4. Discussion
4.1 Summary of phasing
Before any discussion of phasing is advanced it is important to note that only a limited number of radiocarbon dates are available at present. Further radiocarbon dating is required to refine our current understanding of the site, and to assess some areas where extant dating evidence is difficult to reconcile. Neolithic The earliest activity at Belderg Beg consists of the large field walls running east to west up the side of the valley, with the associated connecting walls, the large oval enclosure (Area F), the small circular enclosure (Area H) and the possible circular enclosure (Area D). Spreads of charcoal rich material and isolated pits and hearths were present in many areas of the site which also appear to be of Neolithic date, and whilst no clear evidence of any Neolithic structures a remarkable concentration of pottery and lithic artefacts at the west of Area A may indicate that the focus of the occupation lies somewhere in that area. The field system at Belderg Beg is not as expansive as other field systems in the North Mayo complex, such as on the other side of the valley in the townland of Belderg More, or at Rathlackan, nor is it as organised as the main block of fields at Cide Fields. However the western side of Belderrig valley has been heavily affected by agriculture, peat cutting and house construction, and originally the field system here may have been larger in size. The main field, consisting of the east west walls in Areas A and D form a rather funnel shaped field, narrowing towards the western, upslope end. The oval enclosure in Area F lies a little westof the main field and is connected to the western cross wall by a short east west wall. The small circular enclosure in Area H appears to be connected to the western side of a currently unrecorded north to south aligned cross wall, connecting the wall in Area A to the wall in Area D. The possible presence of a circular enclosure in Area D has been fully discussed above.
Dating of these various parts of the Belderg Beg Field system to the Neolithic is rather a complex issue. The walls have not been directly dated and their assignation to the Neolithic period relies on the presence of large amounts of Neolithic artefacts from all areas of the site, and the relationship of the walls to the overlying peat in comparison to the dating of various tree stumps found at different points within the bog. All of the presumed Neolithic walls are found sitting directly on top of the mineral soil, and therefore pre-date the growth of bog in this area. The development of bog in the area is complicated, and seems to be highly regionalised in nature. For instance the large pine stump that is on display in the Cide Fields Centre was discovered downslope of the excavated areas was dated to 2570 to 2280 cal BC (C60), very similar to the date of 2700 to 2200 cal BC (C58) from a pine stump 0.7m above the mineral soil 800m south west of the site. Clearly both of these dates post date the construction of the walls due to the depth of the peat underneath them. A more relevant date to the current discussion is that of 3370 to 3080 cal BC (C31) was derived from a pine stump just 5m from a wall in Area D; both the wall and tree sit on the mineral soil, and the latter was preserved by the bog which presumably formed shortly after the death of the tree.
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Whilst the walls at Belderg can therefore be loosely assigned a Neolithic date given their relationship to the pine stumps in the overlying bog the walls on the other side of the valley in Belderg More are more firmly dated to the Neolithic due to the dating of a pine stump which directly overlaid one of the walls to 3520 to 3090 cal BC (C49), and a pine stump adjacent to the wall which returned a date of 3360 to 3000 cal BC (C04) (Caulfield, ODonnell and Mitchell 1998, 634-9). Verrill argues that the Neolithic economy of the valley was based on pasture, with a very small proportion of arable, and that settlement was abandoned c 3375 cal BC. Following this, human activity was much reduced for more than a millennium. (Verrill 2006: 167-168). The presence of barbed and tanged arrowheads may suggest some alternative possibilities. Excavations at Belderg More by GW have demonstrated sub-bog activity in the centuries surrounding 3000 BC, and extending down to 2500 BC and possibly more recent. Identifying the scales at which activity is being undertaken remains elusive and makes reconciling these different data sets difficult. Bronze Age As discussed above, the roundhouse at Belderg Beg appears to have existed in three distinct phases. The earliest building had a timber wall set in a deep slot trench. This structure was then replaced by a building with a wall of stone and earth retained by kerbstones around the interior and exterior. This was modified at some point and the northern arc of the wall seems to have been moved fractionally to the north. It is the remains of that third iteration that are most clearly visible today. In all three versions the roundhouse conforms to the standard double ring model of Bronze Age roundhouses (Avery & Close Brooks 1969; Musson 1970; Guilbert 1981; Hill 1984). A date of 1640-1210 cal BC (SI1473) came from a burnt block of wood recovered from an internal posthole of the porch; it most likely is associated with the 2nd or 3rd phase of the building, as the porch does not seem relate to the original slot trench structure. There are hints that some reoccupation of the round house took place in the Late Bronze/Iron Age. This is provided by charcoal within the roundhouse (SI-1474, 750-100 cal BC), and possibly by charcoal associated with a flint scatter (SI-1475, 1370-900 cal BC). These dates were dismissed at the time by the excavator as being incompatible with the archaeological sequences. Recent work by Verrill, however, suggests that peat initiation and agricultural abandonment on the ridge cultivation plot (BB1) should date to c550 cal BC and that the plough cultivation in BB2 was abandoned, with peat forming, by c850 cal BC. These are broadly compatible with the youngest archaeological dates from the roundhouse (see below). An unequivocal component of the Bronze Age reoccupation of the site is the long north south aligned field wall that runs for over 200 along the western perimeter of the site. The wall was accompanied along its southern half by a series of posts which presumably supported a fence. At the north the wall is built directly onto the mineral soil but at the south it is built over an increasing depth of peat before stopping. The line of the wall was then continued across the deeper bog as a fence represented archaeologically by a series of preserved posts, radiocarbon dated to c. 1700 1300 cal BC, contemporary with the roundhouse. Towards the centre of the site the wall incorporates the western edge of the
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oval enclosure in Area F and it appears that stones from the enclosure wall have been robbed out to provide building material for the Bronze Age wall.
Three small plots of cultivation ridges are located to the south and west of the roundhouse covering a total area of 720m or just under one fifth of an acre. The individual plots are separated by wide headlands which are covered by stones that were cleared from the adjacent ground. The cultivation ridges are cut into a buried plough soil and when this soil was removed in certain areas large numbers of plough marks were found cut into the top of the mineral soil, arranged in the distinctive cross ploughing pattern. The area of cross ploughing extends beyond the area of the cultivation ridges and covers an area in excess of 1600m or approximately 2 fifths of an acre. The relationship between the cultivation ridges, the roundhouse and the plough marks is complicated and requires careful consideration. The plough marks and the buried plough soil are clearly the earliest part of the sequence. The cross ploughing was not a direct pre-cursor to the establishment of the cultivation ridges, but according to Verrill appears to have been a phase of intensifying agriculture, later re-organised. The establishment of the linear bands of cleared stones and therefore the headlands is suspected to be associated with the cross ploughing, or at least the process of stone clearance must have begun at this point. It should also be noted that the ditch surrounding the Roundhouse, surely a component of the second phase building, does not cut across the stony ground dividing the roundhouse from the adjacent set of cultivation ridges, and that the wall of the second phase house is actually built over the clearance stone, thus demonstrating that the second phase roundhouse post dates the establishment of the clearance material. The initial phase of the roundhouse has a much smaller external diameter and would not have impinged on the stony area suggesting it may have been in use when the tillage plots were first created. This suggests that the ard cultivation pre-dates the first round house or was contemporary with it. The second and third phases of the roundhouse clearly post date the cross ploughing and most likely post date the establishment of the cultivation ridges, but the cultivation ridges were probably still in use whilst they were occupied. The dating of these sequences is very difficult to reconcile with the mid first millennium BC chronology suggested by Verrill. At the same time, Guttmans dates from the extreme western end of the ridged cultivation area of c 2000 cal BC seem too old. It is not possible to provide a satisfactory model of all dates at this stage, and further work in this area is required. The following overall sequence for the site as a whole is therefore proposed, based primarily on stratigraphic relationships, and with areas of difficulty highlighted. Neolithic (?Early/?Middle): A range of activity extending from the early/middle Neolithic with a possible Beaker presence suggested by the barbed and tanged arrowheads. No direct dates available for this phase, which is evidenced by material culture and a series of terminus ante quem dates provided by stratigraphic relationship of walls to peat and pine stumps. Activity in this phase was complex and probably discontinuous. Large field walls and associated enclosures were constructed and a variety of other settlement evidence is present, but no dwelling was identified. Palaeoenvironmental evidence suggests that middle
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Neolithic agriculture was pastoral in character at Belderg Beg, and that this may have declined by c. 3475 cal BC (Verrill 2006). (?)Early Bronze Age: Stray finds of barbed and tanged arrowheads, and Guttmans dates for a charcoal rich soil deposit may indicate some activity in the early Bronze Age, although the need to fully integrate this date into the archaeological sequences was stressed above. Verrill also argues for increased evidence of clearance and agriculture following c. 2000 BC. Middle Bronze Age. A large area of land was cross ploughed and cleared of stone which was piled up in three linear bands and which defined three tillage plots. Later parts of this cross ploughed area were abandoned, and others covered by cultivation ridges.\The first phase of the roundhouse may have been constructed simultaneously with the cross ploughing or with the initial laying out of the cultivation ridges. The second and third phases of the roundhouse clearly post date the cross ploughing and most likely post date the establishment of the cultivation ridges, but the cultivation ridges were probably still in use whilst they were occupied. The second or third phase roundhouse is associated with a date of 1640-1210 cal BC, broadly contemporary with the timber fence to the west of the houses, and the stratigraphic relationships therefore suggest that the varied cultivation should date to the mid second millennium BC, but Verrills models suggest that much of the cultivation is more recent than this, mainly lying in the first millennium BC. Certainly, given the soils, it is difficult to envisage a long period of cultivation. ?mid first millennium BC: one radiocarbon dates from the roundhouse is broadly contemporary with Verrills dates for cultivation and may indicate a final phase of activity. It is worth noting that a younger date for the house would reconcile the stratigraphic problems noted above.
4.2 The Site in Context

The Neolithic Pre-bog field walls and field systems have a widespread distribution around the northern and western coasts of Ireland although no comprehensive study of the sites currently exists. Prebog field walls are occasionally mentioned in the accounts of antiquarians but systematic scientific study of the walls and fields really began in the late 1960s at Belderg and during the early 1970s at Cide Fields. Whilst the peat and pine trees provide ideal dating material this only establishes a terminus ante quem, specific dates for construction and use are harder to obtain for features of this kind. Another persistent problem is that the scale of the sites means that only very large scale survey work, which is particularly slow process given the need to probe through the bog at regular intervals, reveals the layout of the field systems in a meaningful way. Due to these problems the majority of pre-bog field systems are undated and not recorded in any detail other than to note the location and estimate the size. The field system at Belderg Beg is small and probably represents only a surviving fragment of a larger field system. The field system in the adjacent townland of Belderg More is far more extensive and has been firmly dated to the Middle Neolithic period, as described above. Whilst the system is still somewhat fragmented it is possible to identify a number of parallel curving walls with frequent cross walls. The fields that form the western part of the field system appear to run along the contours of the hill, thus encircling the summit of the hill
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top. At the eastern side the walls seem to run down slope, across the hills contours. Further to the north there are a small number of straight walls running from east to west. A wedge tomb occupies the summit of the hill and the field walls appear to encircle the summit. This may represent the deliberate partition of the tomb and the area around it from the surrounding areas of cultivation, and this incorporation or exclusion of existing tombs in field systems is of interest given the treatment of Behy and Rathlackan Court Cairns which are discussed below. A very small length of one of the walls of this field system was excavated between 2004 and 2008 (Warren 2008). The orthostatatic wall was associated with two small D shaped cairns and a small structure measuring just 3m by 2m across. The structure was defined by a low stone wall and has a single posthole located in the centre of the internal space. Dating of this site is complicated, and it is intended that further work is to be undertaken in order to clarify the dating of the different phases of activity. At Ceide Fields 7km to the east of Belderg there are three large blocks of fields forming an extensive enclosed landscape. The fields at Cide are dated to the Middle or Late Neolithic and were abandoned due to peat encroachment prior to the start of the Bronze Age (Caulfield, ODonnell and Mitchell 1998, 638). Of the three blocks, the westernmost is the most clearly structured consisting of long rectangular co-axial fields running down the slopes towards the coast. The rectangular fields in this block incorporate at least seven smaller circular or oval enclosures, some of which are free standing within the central areas of the fields whilst others are tagged on to the side of a fieldwall or are formed at the intersection of several walls. Of particular interest is a small enclosure that separates Behy Court Cairn and the area immediately surrounding it, from the adjacent fields. Several different phases of excavation have taken place within this block of fields, the first examining Behy Court Cairn and the surrounding enclosure, the next examining the free standing oval enclosure at Glenulra, which was found to be a small settlement, and the final examining and exposing sections of walls in advance of the creation of the Cide Fields visitor centre. This is a very clearly structured field system, believed to be mainly for stock management rather than for arable agriculture, and the regularity of its form enables individual fields to be clearly identified. There are approximately 45 individual fields in this block and perhaps as many as 10 enclosures excluding the enclosure that encompasses Behy Court Cairn. The central block of the Cide Fields are of a different form, being made up of long gently curving walls that form a series of long parallel sided fields with scant evidence of cross walls. The walls are concentrated along the western side of Ballyknock Hill but the summit is encircled by a curving wall which may have a large opening to the south west. This Block of fields is very reminiscent in form to the field system at Belderg More. The eastern block of Cide Fields is in the townland at Aghoo. It comprises of several long lengths of field wall and complex series of small sub-divisions. It is this third field system that of all the known sites in the North Mayo complex most closely resembles the field system at Belderg Beg. The fields at Aghoo may be several hundred years younger than the other parts of Cide Fields although the dating of these sites is a complicated and contentscious issue (Caulfield, ODonnell and Mitchell 1998, 632-4).
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The third area of major field systems that have been investigated within the North Mayo complex lie in the townlands of Kilbride and Rathlackan to the west of Killala Bay. The field systems there form two blocks of rectangular fields similar in form to the western block at Cide, although the eastern system in Kilbride Townland consists of noticeably larger fields than the system in Rathlackan Townland. The field systems here incorporate numerous additional elements such as circular and oval enclosures, house sites and megalithic tombs. The fields in this area have not been subject to excavation but excavations have taken place within Rathlackan where a court cairn, house and enclosure were all in close proximity. The enclosure is unusual in that it is built onto the side of the court cairn rather than enclosing it, but unfortunately the date of the enclosure has not been clearly established. Pre-bog field systems have been noted at other locations along the North Mayo Coast to the east of Belderrig which have yet to be subjected to detailed survey. Glenglassera (MA 006 03202) is situated approximately halfway between Belderrig and Cide Fields. To the east of Bunatrahir Bay field systems have been recorded in three adjacent townlands, Cabintown (MA 007-00902), Ballymachugh (MA 007 07601), and Knockaun (MA 007-078), which presumably represent a single extensive field system. Finally another field system is recorded at Creevagh (MA 007-01501) south of Ballycastle in an area that is rich in megalithic tombs. To the west of Belderrig there is a gap of about 20km where no pre-bog field systems have been recorded. After this gap there are two large areas of pre-bog field systems at the southern end of Broad Haven Bay (Caulfield 1983). Elsewhere in Mayo pre-bog field systems have been shown to be Bronze Age in date. The extensive co-axial field system on the western side of Slievemore, Achill, was recently shown through excavation to have been in use contemporaneously with the incorporated Middle Bronze Age houses, although an origin in the Neolithic has not yet been ruled out (Bolger and Rathbone 2009). Extensive survey and excavations on Clare Island has revealed that the walls in the Bunnamohaun townland yielded Bronze Age dates but their origins may have derived from the Neolithic (King 2007, 291). An interesting pre-bog wall of Neolithic date was recently excavated at Caltragh, Co Sligo, in advance of road construction. The wall consisted of three distinct segments which formed an arc over 100m in length. In one area the wall overlaid a large cobbled surface and numerous lithic artefacts came from this area. The wall divides off an area of wet ground, which may have been a lake at the time the wall was constructed, from an area of better drained land that may have been used as pasture. Three stone axes were found in the fabric of the wall as were two deposits of cremated animal bone. The excavator suggests that these findings may represent some sort of ritual gesture with the axes being integral to the construction phase and the cremations being deposited prior to the wall falling out of use (Mc Cabe 2007, 69). An axe seemed to have been deposited in a cobble spread acting as wall foundations in Warrens excavations at Belderrig (Belderg More). Interestingly a Middle Bronze Age settlement was located a very small distance to the north of the Neolithic wall at Caltragh, providing a clear parallel to the site. Numerous interpretations of the wall at Caltragh have been offered by the various investigators of the site. These include a rather dubious interpretation of the site as being an extension of the monumental tomb building tradition, whilst another interpretation focuses on the seasonal change in water level in the adjacent lake and the covering over of the stone axes by the lakes water. More practical, but no more convincing, interpretations include a possible function as a flood defence system (Danaher
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2007, 69-70). Whilst the Caltragh wall isnt part of an actual field system it does represent a significant division of land from the Neolithic period, and must represent a similar desire to control and manage the landscape. South of Mayo other pre bog field systems have been investigated which are thought, at least in part to date from the Neolithic period, the best known being Roughan Hill in the Burren, Co Clare. In that area a network of early field walls and settlement sites have been investigated, which principally date to the Bronze Age. However the excavator has argued that some of the field walls date to the Neolithic period. The dating of this is less precise than at Belderrig and Cide as it is based on the different heights of un-eroded Limestone bedrock preserved under the wall; it is argued that the some walls have much greater pedestal height than those known or suspected to be Bronze Age in date and therefore must date to the Neolithic (Jones 1998; 2003). A detailed review on the work around Roughan Hill is currently being prepared and the results will provide a new range of material to compare to the results from the sites in North Mayo. What is clear from the small number of pre bog field systems that have been properly surveyed is that a variety of different designs are present, and the scale of the fields is also variable. The enclosure in Area F is one of a large number of oval and circular enclosures associated with the various field systems in North Mayo, in particular in the western block of fields at Cide and in the field systems at Kilbride and Rathlackan. Only two of these sites have been investigated through excavation; the Glenulra enclosure and the Rathlackan enclosure. The Glenulra enclosure consists of a small oval enclosure measuring 28.5m by 22m with its long axis aligned north east to south west, and defined by a heavily collapsed dry stone wall that is between 1m and 2.5m in width and which probably had an original height of 1m. Although the evidence is somewhat inconclusive two small houses have been tentatively identified within the enclosure. Three quite sizeable spreads of charcoal were recorded towards the western side of the interior, which may represent external hearths, or may simply be dumps of burnt material from elsewhere. A small break in the wall at the north is thought to represent the entrance to the enclosure. It is marked by a noticeable in-turning of the enclosure wall to the immediate east, and the western side of the gap, at least, was defined by a clear facing of upright stones. The Rathlackan enclosure is a sub-triangular enclosure attached to the northern side of the Rathlackan Court Cairn. It is defined by a low dry stone wall and measures 20m from east to west along the northern side of the cairn, and 20m from north to south from the cairn edge to the curving apex. A narrow entrance is located at the east and this is thought to be the only break in the circuit which has been extensively probed. At the south west the wall was shown to have been built up against the northern kerb of the cairn before the cairn had begun to collapse. A small square building measuring approximately 4m across is located towards the northern apex of the enclosure. Deposits associated with a hearth in the centre of the building provided twodates, 2870 2450 cal BC (Beta-62836, 4040r60BP) and 2880 2490 cal BC (Beta-48102, 4110r60BP), indicating that the structure was in use during the late Neolithic and which coincide with the dates from a secondary phase of ritual deposition within the gallery of the court cairn. Unfortunately the enclosure itself has not been directly
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dated but it seems most likely that it was constructed in the Late Neolithic and is contemporary with the small square building. Given the small area of the square building it is thought that the site does not represent a domestic settlement but is directly related to the secondary phase of ritual activity associated with the cairn. The three excavated enclosures within the North Mayo complex have therefore all produced very different results and are interpreted quite differently. It would therefore be unwise to generalise about the possible functions of the other enclosures within the North Mayo complex. In particular the variety of shapes and sizes that have been recorded suggests that these sites may have been used for a wide variety of functions. Clearly further excavation at a selection of these sites is required. The Second and First Millennia BC The Phase 1 roundhouse is a reasonably well known design used in Bronze Age domestic architecture. Using the current standard classification scheme provided by Doody is somewhat problematic due to the sheer number of sites that have been excavated since it was published, however the structure can clearly be identified as an example of Doodys Type 1 structure (Doody 2000). Examples of similar structures can be cited at Ballyhenry, Co Antrim, Ballyrenan, Co Down, Kilmurray, Co. Wicklow, Townparks, Co Antrim, Ballybrowney Lower, Co Cork, Lisheen Site A, Co. Tipperary and Corrstown, Co Derry (McQuillan 19999; MacManus 2000; ONeil 2001; Ballin Smith 2003; Cotter 2005; ONeil 2005; Conway et al forthcoming). In all these examples the buildings are defined by slot trenches around the exterior and have post-rings in the interior. Additional features such as pits are restricted in number and entrances tend to be simple. The closest example of such a building geographically is at Kildorragh, Co Letrim. There a penannnular slot trench that had a width of 0.4m defined a circular area 5.5m in diameter. The house had no hearth but was associated with a Burnt Stone Mound (Opie 1994). At Caltragh, House 1, Co Sligo, a building of this type may have been replaced by a more complex structure, leaving the original slot trench only visible around the south and west of the building, although this is not the interpretation given by the original excavator (Danaher 2007, 79-82; McCabe 2007). The second and third phase structures appear to have been of essentially the same design. No excavated examples of exactly parallel structures can be cited, but there may of course be other examples included within the mass of unexcavated hut sites and roundhouses that have been recorded across Ireland. The use of large quantities of stone has been recorded at several Bronze Age house sites in Ireland. House 1 at Ballyprior Beg, Co Antrim is in many respects the most similar building and dates to the later part of the Middle Bronze Age. A substantial perimeter wall of clay faced inside and out by roughly coursed stonework was between 1.7m and 2.3m wide and in places survived to a height of 1m (Suddaby 2003, 56). The wall was surrounded by a shallow and wide ditch, probably used to source the clay for the core of the wall, but unlike Belderg Beg, there was no gap between the outer wall face and the start of the ditch. The building was entered through a narrow gap in the wall at the south east. The interior of the building, apart from a small circular area in the centre, was paved with medium sized stones. This paving continued through the entrance where it expanded outwards to form a large paved yard (Suddaby 2003, 51-3). Unlike the house at Belderg Beg no convincing postholes were identified within the interior and the structure is described as a mass wall construction, where the conical roof sat directly onto the top of the
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wall and the sheer mass of the wall retained the force exerted by the roof. As with Belderg Beg the structure seems to have undergone a period of substantial repair/modification and to have shifted position a little. House 2 at the same site may have been of very similar construction to House 1, but only a small area of it was investigated. The use of large stone foundations was evident in many of the 70+ Middle Bronze Age structures excavated at Corrstown, Co Derry. The best preserved examples, such as Structure 13, clearly show that the buildings were defined by a low stone wall surrounded, by a discontinuous or segmented ditch, and had an internal post-ring. It is suspected that the low stone walls were topped by earth or sod walls possibly retained by wattle panels. Interestingly the Corrstown structures in most cases had elongated sunken entrances that were paved and flanked by pairs of postholes, which in a number of cases extended into the interior space, as in Structures 7, 15, 45 etc. In the larger examples there was unequivocal evidence of the division of the internal space into two concentric zones, as in Structure 4, where the space between the outer wall and the post-ring was lower than the central area, and the presence of stakeholes indicate that the post-ring was connected by wattle panels (Conway et al, forthcoming). Two recently excavated Middle Bronze Age roundhouses on Achill Island, Co. Mayo also demonstrate the use of complex stone architecture. Roundhouses 1 and 2, Slievemore defined by very substantial stone walls, over two metres wide and in places surviving to heights of more than 1.7m (Rathbone 2009). The walls were variously built of proper coursed stonework with internal and external kerb stones, or rubble cores contained by kerb stones. The structures had complex elongated entrances with stone slabs lining the sides and were paved with medium and large sized stones. The entrance of Roundhouse 1 extended through the wall into the internal space for approximately 1m where its terminal was marked by a pair of large orthostats, whilst a second pair of orthostats also marked the end of the entrance outside the building. The orthostats occupied similar positions to the end of the pair of postholes at the internal end of the entrance feature at Belderg Beg, although there was no other indication of a formal division of the interior into two concentric zones. Excavations within Roundhouse 2 demonstrated the presence of large numbers of postholes within the building, and a length of a curvilinear slot that may have separated the interior into two concentric zones. The very low level of finds associated with these two structures (limited to c.40 lithic pieces and a small number of hammer stones) is clearly paralleled at Belderg Beg and is in total contrast to the huge numbers of artefacts recovered from the buildings at Ballyprior Beg and Corrstown, a situation that is particularly surprising given the excellent state of preservation at the Mayo sites, and must reflect a either a genuine absence of durable artefacts in use at the buildings, or a very different pattern of waste disposal (Bolger and Rathbone 2009). The size of the various phases of building at Belderg Beg all fall comfortably within the known range of house size for the Bronze Age. Over 90% of Bronze Age circular and subcircular buildings have a diameter between 4m and 11m (O Neil 2005). The three phases at Belderg Beg have internal diameters of 8.2m, 7.9m and 8.2m respectively, and internal areas of around 52m, comfortably in the middle of the known range. The entrance of the 2nd and 3rd phase of the roundhouse is rather unusual. Irish roundhouses tend to have either simple entrances which are little more than small gaps in
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the wall, as at House B at Townparks, or to have long porches extending from the building, as at Houses 1 and 2 at Caltragh. Both of these types of entrances were present at Corrstown, although the extended porches were the most common, with long sunken cobbled areas flanked by pairs of postholes and pits (Conway et al forthcoming). The entrance to the Belderg Beg roundhouse consists of a simple break in the wall but a series of paired postholes extend into the building, and a paved surface of medium sized stones begins in the buildings interior, extends through the entrance and expands into a large paved area immediately outside the structure. This arrangement is rather similar to the entrance of House 1 at Ballyprior Beg, but at that site no postholes are associated with the entrance. The Slievemore roundhouses have certain similarities in that the entrance features clearly begin in the interior, run through the wall and extend for several metres beyond the structure (Rathbone 2009). The arrangement of upright stones at Slievemore Roundhouse 1 in particular echoes the layout of the entrance of the Belderg Beg roundhouse but using upright stones rather than timber posts. The use of a sill stone in the entrance at Belderg Beg is unusual but this may be a factor of differential survival as such a feature wouldnt survive at the majority of sites. Possible sill stones were identified at both the Slievemore Roundhouses, but neither were as obvious as the Belderg Beg example. Whilst sill stones were not used at Corrstown, where such features would have survived, a bank of compacted clay ran across the entrance of Structure 45, connecting two paired postholes and thought to denote the actual threshold of the building (Conway et al forthcoming). The entrance of all the phases of the Belderg Beg roundhouse is located at the east-southeast a very typical alignment for roundhouse doors right across Ireland and Britain. This alignment of entrances towards the south east is obviously related to the position of the rising sun, but it has been interpreted in two very different ways. In a well known paper Oswald suggests that the majority of roundhouses have their doorways aligned on the midwinter sunrise, and that the other alignments that occur also relate to important sunrises and sunsets throughout the year (Oswald 1997). This he interprets as evidence that the alignment of entrances is a direct reflection of the cosmological beliefs of the occupants, a conclusion that has been widely quoted. However a more recent study using a larger sample concludes that the eastern and south eastern predominance of entrances relates simply to optimising the amount of light entering a building and minimising exposure to wind. Entrances aligned beyond this light/shelter optimum are explained not as alignments on the lesser solar events during the year, but as indicating buildings that were seasonally occupied or where local topographic factors were of importance (Pope 2008, 17-18). This more pragmatic explanation certainly has much to recommend it, and there is no compelling evidence from the site that would suggest that the alignment of the entrance of the Belderg Beg roundhouse was arranged for anything other than practical reasons. The division of the interior of roundhouses into two concentric zones is, as described above, a reasonably common feature of roundhouses and represents a logical and intuitive use of space. The double ring layout automatically creates this division although it can only be proved to have been used in a particular building where additional features such as stakeholes or gullies formally mark the division, as was the case at Corrstown, at Slievemore and at Belderg Beg. However at a number of roundhouse sites it has been argued that the interior is divided into two zones along a linear axis. Convincing examples of this linear division have been recorded at Trooperisland, Co Antrim, Kerlogue, Co Wexford and probably at Cloghlucas, Co Cork (Gowen 1988, 17). Less convincing examples include
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House 1 at Caltragh, Co Sligo and Structure B at Ballybrowney, Co Cork (Cotter 2005; McCabe 2005). It is not clear at present how much importance should be given to the differences between these two different approaches internal division of space within Bronze Age roundhouses. They could for instance be indicative of different functions within the buildings, or subtle differences in chronology that are being masked by radiocarbon error ranges. It is clear that the distribution of the two patterns overlaps extensively and that the two patterns cannot be seen in terms of regional characteristics. A note of caution should be sounded in regard to the linear divisions in that, as Gowen pointed out for Cloghlucas, the linear arrangements may not be contemporary with the house and in other cases, such as Ballybrowney and Caltragh, the evidence for the existence of the linear divisions is far from conclusive. The presence of a central hearth at Belderg Beg should also be considered. Internal Hearths are an infrequent find within Irish roundhouses as a whole. Doody calculated that only approximately 30% of Bronze Age structures contained internal hearths and this is borne out by a whole slew of excavations that have taken place since that article was published (Doody 2000). Whilst central hearths were found within both the roundhouses on Slievemore, no hearths were identified at Ballyprior Beg House 1, despite the floor surface obviously being intact, and only three features were tentatively identified as internal hearths within the 70+ structures at Corrstown (Rathbone 2009; Suddaby 2003; Conway et al forthcoming). Only one of the three structures, House 2, at Caltragh contained a hearth and of the two structures excavated at Townparks, Co Antrim, only Structure C had an internal hearth, although its position and form are somewhat unusual (Danaher 2007, 82; Ballin Smith 2003, 27). Of the five structures excavated at Ballybrowney, Co Cork, only one was found to contain a hearth, although the excavator considered it possible that other hearths had simply been ploughed away (Cotter 2005, 40-2). If the phasing of the building at Belderg Beg is correct and a hearth was only present during Phase 3 this would be entirely consistent with the prevailing pattern within Irish Bronze Age houses. Consisting of a single isolated building the settlement at Belderg Beg is quite typical for Ireland. In a recent review ONeil cites 227 Bronze Age buildings from 138 sites. Within this sample 96 sites consisted of only a single structure, 25 sites consisted of two structures, 12 sites consisted of between 3 and 5 structures and 5 sites consisted of 6 or more structures (O Neil forthcoming). Clearly the standard arrangement in the Bronze Age was for single isolated farmsteads. In some instances, such as at Ballybrowney, the term village has been applied to small clusters of buildings (Cotter 2005, 42). Such use of the term village is inappropriate as it implies that a village in prehistory is fundamentally different from the modern definition of village which is ultimately derived from Medieval England (Conway et al forthcoming). The Bronze Age wall that runs along the west of the site is, as mentioned above, almost certainly contemporary with the occupation of the roundhouse. However it is probably inappropriate to refer to the site as being enclosed. The field wall seems to mark a long territorial boundary running along the valley. Whilst the settlement is situated within this territory, the scale is so large that it is unlikely that it is the exclusive province of a single small farmstead. Instead the roundhouse should be seen as a small farmstead surrounded by a series of unenclosed cultivation plots, which is sitting within a large territorial unit running along the valley. Current work on Bronze Age sites in Ireland suggests that enclosed
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and unenclosed settlements existed in large numbers, and in a wide variety of forms. Whilst there does seem to have been a move towards larger enclosed settlements in the Late Bronze Age, prior to this it is not clear what factors, whether cultural, functional or chronological, affected the decision to enclose a settlement or not. The presence of the long North South aligned boundary wall at the west of the site finds more parallels amongst the Irish material, but again the preservation of the wall and the length it runs for are exceptional. Linear boundaries associated with roundhouse sites have been recorded in a variety of forms. Two long curvilinear features were recorded at Corrstown, although they remain undated and one of them certainly post dates a number of the structures. Two large boundary ditches were excavated at Cappagh Beg, Co Antrim, and are thought to be contemporary with the houses and timber circle, whilst at Caltragh several linear ditches accompany the houses. At Boyerstown 3, Co Meath, a small oval roundhouse was accompanied by a curving row of posts, presumably a fence of some sort, whilst at the settlement area in the north east of the site at Castletown Tara 3, Co Meath, building foundations proved elusive but a mass of linear features were present. At Skreen 3, Co Meath, the roundhouse sits in a penannular enclosure, the ditches of which turn outwards and run away for a considerable distance, in a form highly reminiscent of the Banjo Enclosures of the Southern English Iron Age. The Slievemore roundhouses sit within a series of large scale parallel field boundaries and during the excavation of Roundhouse 2 a cross wall was discovered attached to the western side of the building. The cultivation ridges that surround the roundhouse are an exceptional survival of what may have been a relatively common feature that has in most instances been removed by later activity on a site. Excavations undertaken during the 1970s by Micheal Herity at Carrownaglogh, Co Mayo, located 30km east of Belderrig, provide the best comparative site. At this site cultivation ridges covering an area in excess of 4 acres were recorded within a series of large fields. The ridges run for between 20m and 45m and are between 1.3m and 1.5m wide, making them very similar in size to the examples at Belderg Beg despite covering a considerably larger area. The position of the fields and cultivation ridges along the sides of a short valley are also noticeably similar to the position of those at Belderg Beg, and a single roundhouse was located in the middle of the cultivated area. At some stage the site was reorganised and an oval enclosure defined by a low stone wall was constructed that encompassed most, but not all, of the cultivation ridges. A radiocarbon date of 1740 to 1370 cal BC came from a hearth underlying the final phase of the enclosing wall, indicating that the two settlements are of broadly similar ages (Herity 1981). The Belderg Beg roundhouse appears to have been rebuilt on two occasions on the same spot. The rebuilding of Bronze Age houses over the foundations of a previous building is again reasonably typical in Ireland. Doody noted the successive re-use of a particular area was common in Bronze Age settlement and, as there was no spatial reason for such rebuilding, he interpreted this as the sequential replacement of a single homestead (Doody 2000, 147). Other examples where this process can be observed include Chancellorsland, Co Tipperary, Lisheen, Co Tipperary, Ballyprior Beg and Corrstown. The duration of the lifespan of a roundhouse is often claimed to be around 30 years, and this is often linked to the length of time it would take for the ends of the posts to have rotted away below the surface and therefore need replacing (Pope 2008, 18). This has been demonstrated at various sites where roundhouses have been reconstructed, such as the Pimperne House at
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Butser Ancient Farm, and at the Peat Moors Visitor Centre (Townend 2007, 103). However the sub-surface decay of the posts was not found to have had a catastrophic result on the structure, as the superstructure was so strong and remained in good condition. Indeed Cunliffe has even suggested that once the base of the posts had decayed a roundhouse could be de-thatched and then the rest of the building could be moved whole to a new location (Cunliffe 2003, 88-9). If a roundhouse was still structurally sound after 30 years another explanation is required. Finally the location of the Bronze Age settlement overlaying the early Neolithic landscape should be considered. The positioning of Middle Bronze Age settlements over earlier areas of settlement has been recorded elsewhere, as at Corrstown where numerous Late Neolithic flint tools, an Early Bronze Age mace head and Early Bronze Age metalworking moulds were found in Middle Bronze Age contexts. A similar scenario may be detected at Cloghers, Co. Kerry where a rich assemblage of Beaker pottery and associated artefacts were recovered from the structural contexts of what may be Late Bronze Age structures. Excavations at Townparks, Co. Antrim discovered approximately 57 lithic artefacts, the majority of which were thought to date to the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age, whilst two fragments from Neolithic polished stone axes, were recovered from the Late Bronze Age settlement at Ballyprior Beg (Ballin 2003, 35-6; Dunne 2003, 75-6). Such associations can be explained in a number of ways and it is far from clear which interpretation is correct. Areas of previous settlement may have been deliberately selected, either for cultural reasons such as associations with ancestors or legendary/mythological figures, or for practical reasons, perhaps because areas of previous settlement were surrounded by improved land that made re-occupation more attractive. It could also occur entirely fortuitously with suitable locations for settlement being re-occupied without any realisation that the area had already been settled. Finally it could be the case that we are seeing some form of settlement continuity, with settlements moving around within a small territorial unit and on occasion re-occupying previously settled locations. The treatment of artefacts from earlier periods is relevant in that in many instances they seem to be rather incidental inclusions in other deposits. At Corrstown the stone moulds were generally found being used as cobbles in the paved road and track surfaces, whilst the macehead and several of the stone axe fragments were being utilised as packing material within postholes. At Townparks the lithic assemblage was reckoned to pre-date the structure and only to have been accidentally included within the contexts associated with the Late Bronze Age houses (Ballin 2003, 35-6). The earlier material at Ballyprior Beg was widely distributed across the site and the excavator didnt consider that they had been afforded any special attention, whilst the specialist who examined the coarse stone suggested that they may have been picked up and brought to the site as curios (Dunne 2003, 76; Suddaby 2003, 61). Such apparent disregard for these earlier artefacts does rather suggest that such sites were being re-occupied for entirely pragmatic reasons.
4.3 Overview
The excavations of the Neolithic field system and enclosure at Belderg are of great importance as of all the known pre-bog field systems in North Mayo large scale excavations have only taken place here and at Cide Fields, whilst a very small part of the field system in Belderg More has also been excavated. Despite the small scale of excavation, the field evidence of boundaries implies the entire coastal strip of North Mayo from Belderrig
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eastwards was subject to complex and multi-faceted large scale land management. How the different forms of the field systems relate to different farming practices being undertaken at different times is currently not clear. However it has been suggested that the large fields at Cide Fields relate to stock management and the environmental evidence from Belderg Beg suggests that the area was also being used for pastoral farming and no evidence of plant cultivation has been found belonging to this period. There is an ongoing debate between Irish archaeologists and their English counterparts regarding the degree of settlement mobility present in the Neolithic. The evidence from North Mayo is of great importance to this debate and the establishment and recognition of a distinctive sedentary Irish Neolithic quite unlike the evidence of a more mobile lifestyle found in Southern England which has often been extrapolated to cover the whole of Britain and Ireland (Bradley 2003, 218; Cooney 1997; 1999; Thomas 1991, 28). Indeed the evidence from North Mayo has often been dismissed as entirely anomalous and disregarded from this debate. The importance of the excavation of the oval enclosure in Area F is difficult to assess because no determination of the enclosures function was possible, other than to say that the enclosure probably did not contain a dwelling. However the excavation of the enclosure has highlighted that it is not possible to simply assign a settlement function to the other enclosures known within the North Mayo complex and that these enclosures may have been used for a variety of functions despite their apparent similarity in plan. The full publication of the entire suite of field systems along the North Mayo Coast will be of tremendous benefit in promoting the recognition of permanently settled farming communities across a very large area of the north west of Ireland as well as the diversity of the archaeological evidence for these communities (Cooney 1997, 23). Despite the intensive investigations of the pre-bog archaeology of the North Mayo coast the site at Belderg is the only example of substantial Bronze Age roundhouse so far excavated in the area. That the excavations examined not only the building, but also large areas surrounding it is a major benefit. The discovery of Bronze Age cultivation ridges in well defined plots adjacent to the site provides a much more complete view of a small Bronze Age farmstead than is typically discovered when such sites are examined. The size and preservation of the building and the evidence of successive phases of rebuilding on the same spot also adds significance to the excavations. There are a number of other locations along the North Mayo coast where circular house foundations have been recorded and which are suspected to be Bronze Age in date. Along the coast between Belderg and Rathlacken there are a large number of sites shown on the RMP maps which may relate to further Bronze Age settlement, but these require groundproofing. The nearest site is located on the other side of the valley in the townland of Belderg More where a simple circle of stones protrudes from the bog, although this site is not actually in the RMP. The study of Bronze Age settlement in Ireland has benefited from a massive increase in the number of excavated sites since the mid nineteen nineties. The majority of these sites are represented as features cut into sub-soil, post holes, ditches and gullies. The survival of more extensive parts of the superstructure is very rare, and the Belderg Beg roundhouse, despite the age of the excavations, remains an exceptionally important example. The scale and complexity of the walls at Belderg Beg are immediately apparent. The manner in which the construction of the wall varies around the circuit was also demonstrated at Slievemore,
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Roundhouse 1, as was the intermittent use of kerb stones to retain the walls. The level of survival at Belderg Beg also offers excellent opportunities for future work reconstructing the building, and an MA thesis completed in UCD in 2009 by Elizabeth Allman shows the benefits of such an approach. As with the structural remains the features which surround the Belderg Beg roundhouse survive in far better condition than is typical. The cultivation ridges which lie to the south and west of the building appear to be have been fully preserved in the condition they were in when the settlement was abandoned. This aspect of the site is currently only paralleled at the settlement at Carrownaglogh, and provides an almost unique opportunity to examine Bronze Age cultivation practices. At the majority of excavated sites any such accompanying features will have been removed due to later activity, principally ploughing. The distribution of the most impressive Middle Bronze Age settlement sites in Ireland, in terms of architectural sophistication and settlement complexity, presently has a distinct focus around the coast of the northern half of Ireland. The sites on Slievemore and at Belderg Beg in Co Mayo, and the sites at Cappagh Beg, Corrstown, Knockdhu and Ballyprior Beg, Co Antrim, arguably represent the most impressive Bronze Age settlement sites in Ireland. All of the sites have a distinctly coastal location and none is more than 4km from the present coast line. Whether this distribution represents the whole distribution is an interesting point that requires careful consideration. The coast south of Island Magee as far south as Wexford has been intensively investigated both through extensive development led archaeology, such as the M1 motorway and the Dundlak and Newry bypasses, and through research led projects such as the Strangford Lough Survey, the work by the OPW in the Boyne Valley or the Discovery Programmes work on Tara and its hinterland (McErlean et al 2002; Stout 2002; Newman 1997). As far as can be seen the distribution of these more complex Middle Bronze Age sites does not continue along the east coast, although there is a large concentration of important Late Bronze Age sites in the Wicklow Mountains (Raftery 1971; 1976). The southern coast of Ireland remains a relatively unknown quantity, but excavations associated with the Waterford and Youghal bypasses didnt reveal any particularly impressive Bronze Age sites, which may indicate a continuation of the pattern seen along the east coast. The situation along the west coast to the south of Achill is more complicated because a number of potentially relevant areas have been investigated, such as Roughan Hill, Co Claire, or R.A.S Macalisters survey of sites in Kerry (Macalister 1899; Jones 1998). However a lack of full publication and a prevalence of survey work over excavation makes comparison very difficult. An example of this would be those hut sites surveyed on Claire Island, which are currently undated, but which are suspected to be Bronze Age in date. These sites at present do not appear to represent the same level of architectural complexity as seen at Belderg or Slievemore, for instance, but this assertion might rapidly change if the sites were to be excavated. The impressive collection of hut circles at Turlough Hill, Co Clare potentially represents a very large Bronze Age settlement which requires further investigation (Halpin & Newman 2006, fig 116). It would seem most likely that the distribution of the more impressive sites extends to the south of Achill but further work and publication of the relevant material is awaited.
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The interior of Ireland has been thoroughly investigated through a number of large cross country road schemes and a seemingly infinite number of smaller development schemes. This work has failed to discover sites of this period which can equal the complexity of the structures and settlements recorded around the northern coasts, although the rather massive and complex timber built structure excavated by Deidre Murphy at Cuffsborough 4, Portlaois deserves a mention (Desmond 2007, 123-8). However this lack of results from the contract sector is in stark contrast to the results of two important research projects; the excavations at Lough Gur, Co Limerick and the Discovery programmes Ballyhoura Hills project (Grogan & Eogan 1987; Doody 2008). Both of these certainly suggest a degree of structural and settlement complexity in the south west interior of Ireland in the Middle Bronze Age, which is reasonably comparable to the sites located around the northern coasts, although the same scale of building and settlement size has yet to be witnessed. At present then it is difficult to make definitive statements regarding the proposed concentration of highly complex settlement sites around the northern coast of Ireland, although it seems more than likely the distribution does continue down along the western coast. If this is the case then one explanation would be that the pattern is reflecting the old archaeological notion of the Western Seaways, and that the architectural and settlement complexity is somehow being influenced by Maritime contact along this route, which is not extending along the eastern and southern coasts. Such explanations have recently come back into favour for a number of reasons including Cunliffes re-working of the topic in a manner that was largely removed from previous diffusionist frameworks (Cunliffe 2001), the series of Important Beaker period sites discovered recently in Wessex with clear continental links (Pitts 2008) and the implications of the work of geneticists such as Oppenheimer (Oppenheimer 2006). The site at Belderg may therefore have an important role to play in future debates about the significance of the Bronze Age of the north coast. The other important aspect of the sites relates to its position within the remains of the Neolithic Field system. There is an obvious connection between the presence of the preexisting farming landscape and the Bronze Age settlement in that the area remained free of Bog during the Bronze Age when the surrounding land was being encroached, and because the Neolithic field walls provided a convenient source of stone that was used to create at least one new wall and probably the walls of the 2nd and 3rd phases of the roundhouse. There is no evidence to suggest that the Neolithic field walls themselves were re-used in the Bronze Age but this has to remain a possibility. The excavations at Belderg highlight the possibility that the extensive Neolithic field systems along the North Mayo Coast, on both sides of the Belderg Valley, at Cide Fields, at Creevagh, at Rathlacken and at Ballymachugh may well have been re-occupied during the Bronze Age, or possibly that drier areas where the bog growth was restricted may have been continuously occupied or revisited on numerous occasions.
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5. Bibliography
Ashbee, P., Smith, I.F. and Evans, J.G. 1979. Excavation of three long barrows near Avebury, Wiltshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 45, 207-300. Avery, M. & Close-Brooks, J. 1969. Shearplace Hill, Sydling St Nicholas, Dorset, House A: suggested re-interpretation. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 35, 345-51. Ballin Smith, B. 2003. The excavation of two Bronze Age roundhouses at Townparks, Antrim Town. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 62, 16-44. Ballin, T.B. 2003. The Lithic Artefact Assemblage, pp. 30-36 in Ballin Smith, B. The excavation of two Bronze Age roundhouses at Townparks, Antrim Town. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 62, 16-44. Bolger, T. And Rathbone, S. 2009. Excavations at Roundhouse 2, Slievemore, County Mayo. Unpublished report submitted to DoEHLG and NMI. Byrne, G. 1989 1992. Report on Archaeological Excavation work completed and outstanding. Cide fields, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Byrne, G. 1990. Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Report on the Archaeological Excavation Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Byrne, G. 1990. Report on the Archaeological Excavation on the site of Cide fields Centre buildings, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Byrne, G. 1992. Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Report on the Archaeological Excavation Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Byrne, G. 1993. Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Report on the Archaeological Excavation Rathlackan, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Byrne, G. 1993. Report on the Archaeological Excavation on the site of the Cide fields, Centre buildings, Co Mayo. Unpublished excavation report submitted to the DoELHG. Caulfield, S., 1978 Neolithic fields: The Irish evidence. In Bowen, H.C. & Fowler, P.J. (eds) Early Land Allotment in the British Isles. BAR 48. Oxford: Archaeopress. Caulfield, S., 1983 The Neolithic settlement of N. Connaught. In Reeves, T. & Hammond, F. (eds) Landscape Archaeology in Ireland, 195-215. BAR 116. Oxford: Archaeopress. Caulfield, S., O Donnell, R.G. and Mitchell, P.I. 1998. 14C Dating of a Neolithic field system at Cide fields, County Mayo, Ireland. RADIOCARBON, 40, No 2, 629-640. Conway, M., Gahan, A., Ginn,. Lear, A. and Rathbone, S. forthcoming. Corrstown, Co. Antrim. A Coastal Community. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Cotter, E. 2005. Bronze Age Ballybrowney, County Cork, pp. 37-44 in Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin: National Roads Authority. Cunliffe, B. 2001. Facing the Ocean: The Atlantic and Its Peoples, 8000 BC to AD 1500. Oxford: Oxford University press. Cunliffe, B. 2003. Danebury Hillfort. Stroud: Tempus. Danaher, E. 2007. Monumental Beginnings: Archaeology of the N4 Sligo Inner Relief Road. Dublin: National Roads Authority. Doody, M. 2000. Bronze Age Houses in Ireland, pp. 135-59 in A Desmond, G Johnson, M McCarthy, J Sheenan & E Shee Twohig (eds) New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Bray: Wordwell. Doody, M. 2008. The Ballyhoura Hills Project. Discovery Programme Monograph No.7. Bray: Wordwell. Dunne, C.M. 2003. The coarse stone, pp. 73-6 in Ballin Smith, B. The excavation of two Bronze Age roundhouses at Townparks, Antrim Town. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 62, 16-44. Ginn, V. and Linnane, S. Forthcoming. Excavations at Cappagh Beg, Co Derry in Conway, M., Gahan, A., Ginn,. Lear, A. and Rathbone, S. forthcoming. Corrstown, Co. Antrim. A Coastal Community. Oxford:Oxbow Books. Gosling, P. 2007. Catalogue of Archaeological and Architectural monuments, sites and stray finds on Clare Island, pp. 83-212 in P Gosling, C Manning and J Waddell (eds) New Survey of Clare Island. Volume 5: Archaeology. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. Gosling, P., Manning, C. and Waddell, J. 2007. New Survey of Clare Island. Volume 5: Archaeology. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. Gowen, M. 1988. Three Irish Gas Pipelines: New archaeological evidence in Munster. Dublin: Wordwell.
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Grogan, E. And Eogan, G. 1987. Lough Gur excavations by Sen P. . Rordan: Further Neolithic and Beaker period habitations on Knockadoon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 87C, 299-506. Guilbert, G. 1981. Double Ring Roundhouses, probable and possible, in Prehistoric Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 47, 299-317. Halpin, A. and Newman, C. 2006. Ireland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Herity, M. 1981. A Bronze Age farmstead at Glenree, Co. Mayo. Public Archaeology, Volume 2, No 9, 36-7. Hill, P. H. 1984. A Sense of Proportion: A contribution to the Study of Double-Ring Roundhouses. Scottish Archaeological Review, 3, Part 2, 80-86. Jones, C. 1998. The discovery and dating of the prehistoric landscape of Roughan Hill in Co. Clare. The Journal of Irish Archaeology 9, 27-44. Jones, C. 2003. Neolithic beginnings on Roughan Hill and the Burren. pp. 188-194 in Darvill, T. and Thomas, J. (eds), Neolithic Enclosures in Atlantic Northwest Europe. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Joubert, S. 2007. Caltragh Excavation Report included on attached disc with Danaher, E. 2007. Monumental Beginnings: Archaeology of the N4 Sligo Inner Relief Road. Dublin: National Roads Authority. King, P. 2007. The archaeological excavation of a pre-bog wall (Cat. No. 183) at Bunnamohaun, pp. 291-96 in P. Gosling, C Manning and J Waddell (eds) New Survey of Clare Island. Volume 5: Archaeology. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. Lacy, B. 1983. Archaeological Survey of County Donegal: A description of the field antiquities from th the Mesolithic period to the 17 century. Donegal County Council. Lifford. Macalister, R.A.C. 1899. On an ancient settlement in the south west of Corkaguiney, Co Kerry. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 41, 209-344 MacManus, C. 2000 Ballyhenry, Co Antrim, J310848. www.excavations.ie MacQuillan, M. 1999 Ballyrenan, Co Down.J46934579. www.excavations.ie McCabe, S. 2007. Caltragh Excavation Report included on attached disc with Danaher, E. 2007. Monumental Beginnings: Archaeology of the N4 Sligo Inner Relief Road. Dublin: National Roads Authority. McErlaen, T., McConkey, R. and Forsythe, W. 2002. Strangford Lough: An Archaeological Survey of the Maritime Cultural Landscape. Belfast: Blackstaff Press Ltd. Musson, C. 1970. House plans and prehistory. Current Archaeology, 21, 267-77. Newman, C. Tara: An archaeological survey. Discovery Programme Monogaphs 2. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. O Hara, B. 1991. The archaeological heritage of Killasser, Co. Mayo. Galway: The Research and Development Unit, Regional Technical College. ONeil, J. 2001. A glimpse of Wicklows past. Archaeology Ireland, 58, 96-86 ONeil, J. 2005. Killoran 8 in Gowen, M, ONeil, J & Phillips, M (eds) The Lisheen Mine Archaeological Project 1996-8, 288-290. Dublin. Wordwell. Opie, H.1994. Kildoragh, Co Leitrim. 94E123. www.excavations.ie Oppenheimer, S. 2006. The origins of the British: a genetic detective story. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc. Oswald, A.1997. A doorway on the past: practical and mystical concerns in the orientation of roundhouse doorways, pp. 87-95 in Gwilt, A. and Haselgrove, C. (eds) Reconstructing Iron Age Societies. Oxbow Monograph 71. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Pope, R. 2008. Roundhouses. 3000 years of Prehistoric Design. Current Archaeology, 222, 14-21. Raftery, B. 1971. Rathgall, Co. Wicklow: 1970 excavations. Antiquity 45, 296-298. Raftery, B. 1976. Rathgall and Irish hillfort problems, pp. 339-357 in D.W. Harding (ed) Hillforts. Later Prehistoric earthworks in Britain and Ireland. London: Academic Press. Rathbone, S. 2009. Acill Island. Irish island archaeology from the Neolithic to Great Famine. Current Archaeology, 235, 28-34. Reynolds, P. 1979. The Iron Age Farm. London: Colonnade Books. Stout, G. 2002. Newgrange and the Bend in the Boyne. Cork: Cork University Press. Suddaby, I. 2003. The Excavation of Two Late Bronze Age Roundhouses at Ballyprior Beg, Island Magee, County Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 62, 45-91. Thomas, J. 1991. Rethinking the Neolithic. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. Townend, S. 2007. What have reconstructed roundhouses ever done for us? Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 73, 97-111.
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Verrill, L. 2006. Later prehistoric environmental marginality in western Ireland: multi-proxy investigations. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh Warren, G.M. 2008. Fieldwork in Belderrig, Co. Mayo 2004-2008. Unpublished report submitted to the RIA. See www.ucd.ie/archaeology/research/researcha-z/belderrig.
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6. Figures
Figure 1 location map of key sites in NBNM project
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Figure 2: Overall plan of the site with the 2009 numbering on the cuttings
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Figure 3: Aerial overview of the cuttings at Belderg Beg looking East
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Figure 4:: Overview of the depth of cutaway peat across the site at Belderg Beg facing West
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Figure 5: 2009 composite plan of Belderg Beg roundhouse.
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Figure 6: vertical photograph of roundhouse structures at Belderg Beg
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Figure 7: Foundation trench of the Belderg Beg roundhouse
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Figure 8 View of cultivation ridges facing north at Belderg Beg
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Figure 9: Overview of the cultivation ridges at Belderg Beg
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Figure 10: Close up view of the ard marks under the cultivation ridges at Belderg Beg.
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7. Appendices
Appendix One: Feature Register
C 001 C 002 C 003
C 004 C 005 C 006 C 007 C 008 C 009 C 010
C 011
C 012
C 013
C 014
C 015
C 016 C 017 C 018
C 019 C 020 C 021
Context No.
Description
Area A Area A Area A
Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A
Area A
Area A
Area A
Area A
Area A
Trench Fill
Cut of Pit
Charcoal spread
Charcoal Spread Possible Post hole Quern stone Charcoal Spread Brown layer Charcoal spread Charcoal fill of possible post hole 5 Possible post hole Cut Possible post hole cut Charcoal fill of f 11
Charcoal fill of f 11
Stone base packing of F 11 Cut of Pit Charcoal fill Stone slabs overlying pit Charcoal spread Soil sample Charcoal spread
Type
Cut of pit situated to the west of site A1. The pit is associated with a large quantity of pottery. Fill of the pit C 001 Charcoal spread situated to the west of site A1. The spread is associated with a moderate quantity of pottery (Industrial area). Charcoal in the southern side of site A 1. Situated 4m 20 east of the pottery finds C 001 and C 003 Possible Post hole in the southern side of site A 1. Associated with C 004. Quern stone charcoal and soil sample taken from the area. Shallow charcoal spread situated to the south of C 3 within an area of moderate pottery finds. Brown layer with a high concentration of charcoal. Charcoal layer found throughout the site. Charcoal fill of possible post hole 5. Possible Post hole in the southern side of site A 1. Associated with C 004.
Possible post hole cut in A2, located 3m North and 24 m West. Measurement taken from Western Baulk Possible post hole cut located .50 m North and 2. 0 m West. Measurement taken from Extension of Western Baulk Possible post hole cut in A2, located 3m North and 24 m West. Measurement taken from Western Baulk Possible post hole cut located .50 m North and 2. 0 m West. Measurement taken from Extension of Western Baulk Stone base packing of F 11 possible post hole cut in A2
Cut of Pit Charcoal fill of pit Stone slabs overlying pit
Charcoal spread 2.8 m 3.20 m N to 28 m 28.5 N Soil sample taken from 4.0m North and 5.10m West. Contains pottery. Charcoal spread Page 66 of 179
C 022 C 023 C 024 C 025 C 026 C 027 C 028 C 029
C 030
C 031 C 032 C 033 C 034 C 035 C 036 C 037 C 038 C 039 C 040 C 041 C 042 C 043 C 044
C 045 C 046 C 047 C 048 C 049
Context No.
Description
Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A
Area A
Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A
Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A
Trench Pit Fill
Charcoal spread
Stone lining Fill of pit Charcoal spread Paving Charcoal Spread Stone within Charcoal Spread Brown Habitation layer Charcoal Spread Soil Sample Soil Sample Soil Sample Soil Sample Soil Sample Soil Sample Sod Layer Soil Sample Charcoal Sample Layer Charcoal Spread Charcoal Possible Post Hole
Soil Sample Soil Sample Charcoal Spread Charcoal Sample
Type
Charcoal spread over C 023 and C 024 Pit associated with 22 and under 24 Stone lining of C 023 Fill of pit C 023 Charcoal spread Paving associated with 26 Charcoal spread Charcoal spread
Brown Habitation layer South West Corner of A2
Charcoal Spread West of A Soil Sample with degraded pottery 0.5 North 5.2 West Soil Sample with degraded pottery in Northern Extension Soil Sample with degraded pottery .40 North and 6.30 West Soil Sample with degraded pottery .40 North and 6.10 West Soil Sample with degraded pottery 1.20 m North and 4.90 West Soil Sample with degraded pottery 1m North and 5.2m West Soil Sample relic sod layer main section through baulk Charcoal Sample East of pit Cut C 016 Charcoal Sample 0.49m South 1.72m East Layer, dark habitation possibly over pit C 016 Charcoal Spread with large pieces of wood Northern extension of with charcoal pieces Possible Post Hole in A
Fill of post hole containing hazel nut shells Soil Sample Yellow organic material sample Soil Sample with charcoal inclusions 6.9m South and 2.8m West Charcoal Spread from 1973 extension Charcoal Sample from North East Corner stone pit 2.50 North 4.6m West.
Page 67 of 179
C 050 C 051 C 052 C 101
C 102
C 103
C 104
C 105 C 106
C 107 C 108
C 109 C 110
C 111 C 112 C 113 C 114 C 115 C 116
C 117
C 118
C 119
C 120 C 121
Context No.
Description
Area A Area A Area A Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Trench Pit
Stone Charcoal Spread Internal Stones Kerb
Stone and earth bank External Stones Kerb
The discontinuous encircling ditch Fill of Ditch c104 Pavement in the Building Interior Sill Stone Pavement external to building Slot Trench Fill of Slot Trench c109 Small Stakehole Small Stakehole Small Stakehole Small Stakehole Small Stakehole Curvilinear Feature Fill of Curvilinear Feature c116 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c118 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole
Type the
Cut of Pit Stone Slabbing associated with C 050 Charcoal Spread overlying north extension. The stones are up to 0.1m in length, 0.4m in width and 0.7m in height.
The bank varies in width between 1m and 1.8m and stands to a height of 0.7m.
The stones are up to 0.1m in length, 0.4m in width and 0.7m in height
The ditch varied between 0.9m and 1.2m in width apart from the area approaching the eastern terminal which was only 0.4m in width. Deposited soil from the adjacent tillage plots. It was 2.75m in length from east to west and 1.2m from north to south
The stone is 0.8m long from north to south, up to 0.18m wide flat stones, ranging between 0.2m and 0.6m in maximum length.
Between 0.1m and 0.15m in width 0.3m deep Packing material.
Diameter of 0.08m Diameter of 0.06m, and is located 0.7m south of the stakehole c111 Diameter of 0.08m, and is located 0.56m south of the stakehole c112 A diameter of 0.05m, and is located 0.22m south of the stakehole c113 A diameter of 0.06m, and is located 0.3m south of the stakehole c114. 6m and its width varies between 0.1m and 0.22m with the narrowest stretch being at the east.
Fill of Curvilinear Feature c116
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.32m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south Fill of Posthole c118
The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.12m with a depth of 0.18m No information recorded.
Page 68 of 179
C 122
C 123
C 124 C 125
C 126 C 127
C 128 C 129
C 130
C 131
C 132 C 133
C 134
C 135 C 136
C 137
C 138
C 139
C 140
C 141
C 142
Context No.
Description
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Trench
c120 Cut of Posthole The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south. No information recorded.
Fill of Posthole c122 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole 124 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole 126 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c128 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c130 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole 132 Cut of Posthole
Cut of Posthole Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c136 Cut of Posthole c 138 Fill of Posthole c138 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c140 Cut of Posthole
Type
The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.16m and a depth of 0.28m No Information recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m No information recorded.
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.18m No information recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.3m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south, and a depth of 0.15m No information recorded
Cut of posthole at the north east of the central area of the structure, 0.42m north of the posthole c130 No information recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.2m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.16m from north to south and a depth of 0.3m. No information recorded. The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.3m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south and a depth of 0.35m. No information recorded.
Cut of posthole at the north of the structure, 1.24m west of the posthole c136.
No information recorded.
Oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.22m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.16m and a depth of 0.25m No information recorded.
It is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.14m from north to south and a depth of 0.22m Page 69 of 179
C 143
C 144 C 145
C 146
C 147
C 148
C 149
C 150
C 151 C 152
C 153 C 154
C 155
C 156
C 157
C 158 C 159
C 160 C 161
C 162 C 163
C 164
Context No.
Description
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Trench
Fill of Posthole c142 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c 144 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c146 Fill of Posthole c146 Had to be added in SR Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c156 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c158 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c160 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c162 Cut of Posthole
Type
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m. No information recorded.
Cut of posthole at the north west of the structure, 0.8m south west of the posthole c144. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m and has a depth of 0.3m No information recorded.
It is kidney shaped in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.16m from east to west and a depth of 0.25m. No information recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.16m from north to south and a depth of 0.25m. No information recorded. Cut of posthole at the west of the structure, 1.1m south of the posthole c150. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.14m and a depth of 0.25m. No information recorded. The posthole is oval in plan with maximum length of 0.18m east to west, a maximum width of 0.12m and a depth of 0.15m. No information recorded.
The posthole is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.24m, a maximum width of 0.14m and a maximum depth of 0.2m. No information recorded.
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.08m and a depth of 0.25m. No information recorded.
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m and a depth of 0.2m. No information recorded.
The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m and a depth of 0.2m. No information recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north to south and a depth of 0.15m.
Page 70 of 179
C 165 C 166
C 167 C 168
C 169 C 170 C 171 C 172
C 173
C 174 C 175 C 176
C 177 C 178
C 179 C 180
C 181 C 182
C 183
C 184
C 185 C 186
C 187
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B Area B Area B
Area B
Area B Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Trench
Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole Cut of Pit
Fill of Pit
Cut of Pit Fill of Pit Cut of Pit
Fill of Pit c176 Cut of Pit
Fill of Pit c178 Cut of Pit
Fill of Pit 180 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole Cut of Feature Linear
Fill of Linear Feature c186
Type
No information recorded. It is an irregular square shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.14m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.12m from east to west and a depth of 0.22m. No information recorded. It is a square shape with rounded corners in plan measuring 0.3m from north east to south west, 0.3m from north west to south east and has a depth of 0.2m. No information recorded. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.18m and a depth of 0.2m. No information recorded. The pit is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.7m from east to west and a maximum width of 0.38m from north to south. There is no written account of the fill of this feature but it is clear from the plan that the pit contained several medium sized stones. It is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.7m, a maximum width of 0.37m and a depth of 0.2m. No information recorded. The pit is an irregular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.0.64m from north west to south east, a maximum width of 0.46m from north east to south west and a depth of 0.25m.
No information recorded. The pit is an irregular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.54m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.34m from east to west and a depth of 0.15m. No information recorded. It is an irregular triangular shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.54m from north to south, a maximum width of 0.5m from east to west and a depth of 0.3m No information recorded. Cut of posthole at the north of the central area of the structure, 0.64m south of the pit c172. The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.13m and a depth of 0.35m. No information recorded.
It is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from east to west, a maximum width of 0.34m from north to south and a depth of 0.18m. Fill of Posthole The feature is only shown as a narrow feature 1.2m in length and typically 0.07m wide, running north west to south east. No information recorded.
Page 71 of 179
C 188
C 189
C 190
C 191
C 192
C 193
C 194 C 195
C 196
C 197
C 198
C 199
C 200 C 201 C 202 C 203 C 204 C 205 C 206 C 207 C 208 C 209
Context No.
Description
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Collaps ed Stone Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench
Fire Stone
Stone Setting
Context 190: Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole c190 Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c192 Cut of Posthole Stakehole
Cut of Posthole
Fill of Posthole c196 Spread Charcoal Overlying hearth of the
Collapsed Stone
Foundation of wall Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge
Type Cracked Fill
It is a square slab of stone measuring 0.66m from east to west and 0.64m from north to south.
Externally it measures 0.62m from north to south and 0.68m from east to west, whilst the internal space measures 0.4m from north to south and 0.36m from east to west. The post hole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.32m from north east so south west, a maximum width of 0.2m from north west to south east and a depth of 0.22m. No information recorded.
It is an irregular oval shape in plan with a maximum length of 0.26m from north east to south west, a maximum width of 0.22m from north west to south east and a depth of 0.25m.
Cut of Posthole A small stakehole is located to the north west of the central area of the structure 0.12m north of the fire cracked stone c195. It has a diameter of 0.06m but its depth has not been recorded.
The posthole is oval in plan with a maximum length of 0.18m from north west to south east, a maximum width of 0.14m from north east to south west, and a depth of 0.3m.
A spread of charcoal rich material was found directly overlying the fire cracked stons c188 but not extending as far as the adjacent stone setting c189. No other information is known about this deposit.
On either side of the stone and earth bank there is a large spread of medium and large stones that have fallen away from the bank and the wall faces.
The stones measure up to 0.92m long and are up to 0.44m wide 4m 50cm N/S 3m 80 cm N/S 14m 40 cm N/S 14m 50 cm N/S 13m 80cm N/S 19m 50 cm N/S 21 m 19m 40 cm 13m
Page 72 of 179
C 210 C 211 C 212 C 213 C 214 C 215 C 216 C 217 C 218 C 219 C 220 C 221 C 222 C 223 C 224 C 225 C 226 C 227 C 228 C 229 C 230 C 231 C 232 C 233 C 234 C 235 C 236
C 237 C 238
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Area B Area B
Trench
Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Stoney Platform Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Ridge Natural Ridge Possible continuation natural ridge Stoney outcrop Natural stoney
Type of
16m 13m 30cm 16m 90 cm 4. 8 m N/S 11. 1 m N/S 12m N/S 12. 1 m N/S 11. 5 m N/S 12. 1 m N/S 12. 2 m N/S 12. 2 m N/S 10. 3 m N/S 6. 1 m N/S 8. 9 m N/S
14. 5 m N/S 15.5 m N/S 15. 6 m N/S 15. 2 m N/S 13. 4 m N/S 13. 5 m N/S 14. 7 m N/S 13. 4 m N/S 12. 8 m N/S 7.8 m N/S 6.2 m E/W 7. 8 m E/W
2.5m in diameter exposed in Cutting M Exposed for 16. 8 m N/S across D,E and K
Page 73 of 179
C 239 C 240 C 241 C 242 C 243 C 244 C 245 C 246 C 247 C 248 C 249 C 250 C 251 C 252 C 253 C 254 C 255 C 256 C 257 C 258 C 259 C 260 C 261 C 262 C 263 C 264 C 265 C 266 C 267
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench Cut Fill
rise in gradient Stoney outcrop Exposed 2m in diameter in cutting O Cut of modern drain features arching north to south across the west end of the site Fill of the drain 0.2 m N / S 0.8 m N / S 0.2 m E / W 0.3 m N / S 0.3 m N / S 1.1 m N / S 1.5 m N / S 0.3 m E / W 0.4 m N / S 0.8 m E / W 0.25 m N / S 0.2 m E / W 1. 9 m N / S 0.25 m E / W 0.82 m N / S 0.1 m N / S 0.1 m N / S 0.2 m E / W 0.2 m N / S 0.15 m E / W 0.2 m N / W 0.1 m E / W 0.2 m E / W 0.2 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.1 m E / W Page 74 of 179
Plough Mark Plough Mark Plough Mark Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
Type
C 268 C 269 C 270 C 271 C 272 C 273
C 274 C 275 C 276 C 277 C 278 C 279 C 280 C 281 C 282 C 283 C 284 C 285 C 286 C 287 C 288 C 289 C 290 C 291 C 292 C 293 C 294 C 295 C 296
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench Cut Fill
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Single Marks Plough
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
Ridge Ridge Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks 0.35 m E/W 2. 4 m E/W
Type
0.3 m E / W 0.3 m N / S 0.3 m N / S 0.3 m E / W 0.2 m E/W & N / S 0.1 m E / W
0.2 m N/ S 0.2 m N / S E/ W 0.1 m E / W 0.1 m N / S 0.3 m N / S 0.1 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.15 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.15 m N / S 0.2 m N / S 0.1 m N / S Charcoal Spread Charcoal Spread
Page 75 of 179
C 297 C 298 C 299 C 300 C 301 C 302 C 303 C 304 C 305 C 306 C 307 C 308 C 309 C 310 C 311 C 312 C 313 C 314 C 315 C 316 C 317 C 318 C 319
C 320
C 321
C 322
C 323
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Trench Silt
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
General scatter of small stones General scatter of small stones Heavy scatter of small stones General scatter of small stones Spread Charcoal of
Type
0.2 m 1.8m N/S 2 m N/S 0.1 m N/S 1m N/S 0.5 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.1 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.3 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.1 m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1 m E/W 0.1 m E/W 0.1 m E/W
Page 76 of 179
C 324
C 325
C 326
C 327
C 328 C 329 C 330 C 331 C 332 C 333 C 334 C 335 C 336 C 337 C 338 C 339 C 340 C 341 C 342 C 343 C 344 C 345 C 346 C 347 C 348 C 349 C 350 C 351
Context No.
Description
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench
Poss stone pavement ? General scatter of small stones Spread of small stones Large scatter stone
Surround Stones Hearth Material Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks 0.2 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.18 m E / W 0.8 m E / W 0.12 m E / W 0.26 m E / W 0.35 m E / W 0.37 m E / W 0.20 m E / W 0.18 m E / W 0.32 m E / W 0.2 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m N / S 0.1 m N / S 0.2 m N/ S 0.15 m E / W 0.85 m N / S 0.20 m E / W 0.10 m E / W
Type
Page 77 of 179
C 352 C 353 C 354 C 355 C 356 C 357 C 358 C 359 C 360 C 361 C 362 C 363 C 364 C 365 C 366 C 367 C 368 C 369 C 370 C 371 C 372 C 373 C 374 C 375 C 376 C 377 C 378 C 379 C 380 C 381
Context No.
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
Type
0.3 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.5 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.2 m E / W 0.5 m E / W 0.5 m E / W 0.25 m E / W 0.3 m E / W 0.35 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.1 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W 0.15 m E / W
Page 78 of 179
C 382
C 383 C 384 C 385 C 386 C 387 C 388 C 389 C 390 C 391 C 392 C 393 C 394 C 395 C 396 C 397 C 398 C 399 C 400 C 401 C 402 C 403 C 404 C 405 C 406 C 407 C 408 C 409 C 410
Context No.
Description
Area B
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B
Trench
Charcoal Spread on edge of ridges Modern drain Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks 0.2 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.2 8 m N/S 0.3 m E/W 0.3 m E/W 0.4 m E/W 0.35 m E/W 0.40 m E/W 0.35 m E/W 0.40 m E/W 0.40 m E/W 0.28 m E/W 0.28m E/W 0.20 m E/W N/S 0.2 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.1 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.2 m E/W 0.25 m N/S 0.2 5m E/W 0.8m E/W 0.6 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.25 m E/W 0.25 m N/S 0.3 m E/W
Type
Page 79 of 179
Context No.
Description
Trench
Type
0.15 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.38m E/W 0.8 m E/W 0.6 m E/W 0.6 m E/W 0.65 m E/W 0.3m E/W 0.7 m E/W 0.4 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.4 m N/S 0.8 m E/W 0.3 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.2 m E/W 0.22 m E/W 0.28m E/W 0.35m E/W 0.25m E/W 0.20m E/W 0.15m N/S 0.18 m E/W 0.32 m E/W 0.25m N/S 0.25 m N/S 0.2 m E/W 0.2 m N/S 0.2 m N/S 0.15 m N/S
Page 80 of 179
Context No.
Description
Trench
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Modern Drain Bank Charcoal Spread Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
Type
0.25 m E/W 0.18m E/W 0.20 m E/W 0.2 m 2 m E/W 0.2 m E/W 0.15 m E/W 0.8m E/W 0.1 m E/W 0.1 m E/W 0.15 m E/W 0.15m N / S 0.18m E/W 0.16m E/W 0.2m E/W 0.16 m E/W 0.18m E/W 0.2m E/W 0.18m E/W Check these Check these 0.1m E/W 0.5m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.2m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.15m E/W 0.1m E/W
Page 81 of 179
Context No.
Description
Trench
Type
0.1m E/W 0.15m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.3m E/W 0.2m E/W 0.2m E/W 1.9m E/W 1.2m E/W 0.2m E/W 2.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.1m E/W N/S 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W N/S 0.2m N/S 0.3m N/S E/W 0.4m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.15m E/W 0.15m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.2m N/S
Page 82 of 179
Context No.
Description
Trench
Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Possible Post hole Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks Plough Marks
Type
0.2m E/W 0.3 m N/S 0.1m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.25m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.2m E/W 0.4m N/S 0.3m E/W 0.2m N/S 0.2m N/S 0.8 m N/S 0.84 m N/S 1m N/S 0.3m N/S 1.3 m N/S 0.6 m N/S 0.6 m N/S 0.8 m N/S 0.6 m N/S 0.6 m N/S 0.3 in diameter 0.6 m N/S 0.3m 0.4m 0.5m 0.4m 1. 4 m E/W 0.8m E/W 0.9m E/W
Page 83 of 179
C 531 C 533 C 534 C 535 C 536 C 600
C 601
C 602
C 603 C 604 C 605 C 606 C 607 C 608 C 609 C 610 C 611 C 612 C 613 C 614 C 615 C 616
C 617 C 618 C 619 C 620 C 621
Context No. -
Description
Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Trench
Plough Marks Plough Marks Possible post hole Plough Marks Plough Marks Wall Collapse
Dry stone wall
Cut of Stakehole
Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Posthole:
Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated
Type -
0.8m E/W 0.2m E/W 0.3 m in diameter 0.1m E/W 0.1m E/W The stones vary in size with maximum lengths of 0.2m to 0.7m. The depth of this layer of collapse was not recorded. At the northern end and middle section of the wall was between 0.95m and 0.85m wide and 0.45m high. At the south the wall was smaller with the width reducing to around 0.5m and the height reducing to 0.3m. Cut of small posthole at the north of Cutting 4, located 0.12m west of the wall c601. It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.08m.
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m.
The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m.
It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m.
The stakehole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.05m
The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m. No depth is recorded.
The posthole is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.1m.
Page 84 of 179
Context No. -
Description
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C
Trench
Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Posthole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Posthole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated
Type -
The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.07m.
The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.06m
Page 85 of 179
C 652 C 653 C 654 C 655 C 656 C 657 C 658 C 700 C 701
C 702 C 703 C 801 C 802 C 803 C 900 C 901 C 902 C 903 C 904 C 905 C 906
C 907 C 908
C 909
C 910
C 911
C 1001
Context No. -
Description
Area C
Area C
Area C
Area C Area D Area D
Area D Area D Area E Area E Area E Area F Area F Area F Area F Area F Area F Area F
Area F Area F
Area F
Area F
Area F
Area G Charcoal and
Trench
Cut of Posthole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Cut of Stakehole Not allocated Deposit of bark Wall Collapse Base of Curving Wall Wall Collapse: Base of Field Wall Field Wall Wall Collapse Field Drain Enclosure Wall Wall Wall Wall Possible Entrance Possible Entrance Large Stone Spread Wall Collapse East West Field Wall Large Stone Spread Large Upright Stone Slab Medium Stone Spread
Type -
Sub-rectangular ddeposit Wall Collapse
The wall varies in width between 1.1m and 1.7m 3m in diameter 2.2m in width and a height of 0.6m The wall runs straight across the trench from north east to south west Collapsed material accompanies the wall. Modern field drain
Void in the centre of the Wall Wall Collapse External to the Enclosure Wall Collapse Internal to the Enclosure Possible Entrance It is a simple gap in the wall measuring 1.4m in width.
The stones vary in size and have maximum lengths between 0.7m and 1.4m The spread of stone appears to be around 2.5m
The base of the wall is on average 1.7m wide and survives to a height of 0.3m
The stones have maximum lengths ranging between 0.7m and 1.8m. Area F there is a very large upright stone slab, measuring 2.2m in length, 0.3m in width and standing to a height of 0.8m.
Dense spread of small and medium sized stones. It measures 0.6m from east to west and 0.45m from north to south.
Page 86 of 179
C 1002 C 1003 C 1004
C 1005
C 1006
C 1101 C 1102
Appendix Two: Photographic Register

Two primary photographic archives exist, a small selection of prints and a number of photographs in extensive negative collections with photographs of many aspects of the North Mayo research projects currently being scanned and catalogued by Caulfield.
Prints
Photo No. s0001 S0002 S0003 S0004 S0005 S0006 S0007 S0008 S0009 Facing Description
Context No.
Description
Area G Area G Area G
Area G Plough Mark Area G Plough Mark Area H Area H Field Wall Enclosure Wall
Trench
Bark Plough Mark Plough Mark 1.4m from west to east before reaching the edge of the excavated area, and was 0.08m wide. 0.3m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.08m north of c1002. This plough mark measures 0.26m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.08m north of c1002. This plough mark measures 0.18m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and was located 0.22m north of c1002. This plough mark measures 0.3m in length and 0.08m in width and runs from north to south and cuts through or is cut by the plough mark c1002 It consists of a low dry stone wall measuring 1.75m in width and surviving to height of around 0.4m. The wall is approximately 0.7m wide and survives to a height of 0.3m. No entrance feature is apparent.
Plough Mark
Type
NW W NNE S NW E WNW WNW WSW
aerial photo of Belderg Valley aerial photo of site aerial photo of Belderg Valley aerial photo of site aerial photo of Belderg Valley aerial photo of site aerial photo of site aerial photo of site aerial photo of site
Page 87 of 179
Photo No. S0010 S0011 S0012 S0013 S0014 S0015 S0016 S0017 S0018 S0019 S0020 S0021 S0022 S0023 S0024 S0025 S0026 S0027 S0028 S0029 S0030 S0031 S0032 S0033 S0034 S0035 S0036 S0037 S0038
Facing
Description
ENE NNE N
View across Belderg Valley from site Mid ex shot of northern half of Roundhouse in Area B Mid ex shot of wall in Area F Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B
NE
Cultivation ridges at south of Area B Plough marks in Area B
NE WNW
Cultivation ridges at south of Area B Cultivation ridges at south of Area B Plough marks in Area B
NE NE
Cultivation ridges at south of Area B Cultivation ridges at south of Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B
NW
Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B
Plough marks in Area B
Page 88 of 179
Photo No. S0039 S0040 S0041 S0042 S0043 S0044 S0045 S0046 S0047 S0048 S0049 S0050 S0051 S0052 S0053 S0054 S0055 S0056 S0057 S0058 S0059 S0060 S0061 S0062 S0063 S0064 S0065 S0066 S0067
Facing
Description
Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Unclear subject N N Cultivation ridges and plough marks in Area B Cultivation ridges and plough marks in Area B Unclear subject Unclear subject Plough marks in Area B Unclear subject Plough marks in Area B NW Archaeologists looking puzzled in Area B Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Plough marks in Area B Cultivation ridges in Area B Plough marks in Area B Cultivation Ridges in Area B Plough marks in Area B Plough marks in Area B Cultivation ridges in Area B Fragments of bark exposed in peat Tip of post exposed in peat in Area C Tip of post exposed in peat in Area C
Page 89 of 179
Photo No. S0068
Facing
Description
Tip of post exposed in peat in Area C NE Possibly a profile through a cultivation ridge exposed in section in Area B Section through ditch c104 surrounding Roundhouse Section through ditch c104 surrounding Roundhouse Section through ditch c104 surrounding Roundhouse Section through ditch c104 surrounding Roundhouse Mid ex shot of slot c109 in Roundhouse Mid ex shot of slot c109 in Roundhouse Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject Unclear subject
S0069
S0070 S0071 S0072 S0073 S0074 S0075 S0076 S0077 S0078 S0079 S0080 S0081 S0082 S0083 S0084
Negatives
Ref
9-30-2009_001 9-30-2009_002 9-30-2009_003 9-30-2009_004 9-30-2009_005 9-30-2009_006 9-30-2009_007 9-30-2009_008 9-30-2009_009 9-30-2009_010
Description
The roundhouse looking east The roundhouse looking east Close up of the roundhouse looking east Close up of the roundhouse looking east Close up of the roundhouse looking east Close up of the roundhouse looking east Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse
Page 90 of 179
Ref
9-30-2009_011 9-30-2009_012 9-30-2009_013 9-30-2009_014 9-30-2009_015 9-30-2009_016 9-30-2009_017 9-30-2009_018 9-30-2009_019 9-30-2009_020 9-30-2009_021 9-30-2009_022 9-30-2009_023 9-30-2009_024 9-30-2009_025 9-30-2009_026 9-30-2009_027 9-30-2009_028 9-30-2009_029 9-30-2009_030 9-30-2009_031 9-30-2009_032 9-30-2009_033 9-30-2009_034 9-30-2009_035 9-30-2009_036 9-30-2009_037 9-30-2009_038 9-30-2009_039 9-30-2009_040 9-30-2009_041
Description
The interior of the roundhouse looking south west The Interior of the roundhouse looking south west The interior of the roundhouse looking south west The interior of the roundhouse looking south west The interior of the roundhouse looking south west Cultivation ridges Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Detail of the wall of the roundhouse Deposit of bark Deposit of bark Deposit of bark Deposit of bark Deposit of bark Unknown cutting Unknown cutting Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown wall Unknown wall South of Area B South of Area B South of Area B South of Area B Unknown wall Unknown wall
Page 91 of 179
Ref
9-30-2009_042 9-30-2009_043 9-30-2009_044 9-30-2009_045 9-30-2009_046 9-30-2009_047 9-30-2009_048 9-30-2009_049 9-30-2009_050 9-30-2009_051 9-30-2009_052 9-30-2009_053 9-30-2009_054 9-30-2009_055 9-30-2009_056 9-30-2009_057 9-30-2009_058 9-30-2009_059 9-30-2009_060
Description
Unknown wall Unknown wall Unknown wall Unknown wall Unknown wall Unknown wall Unkown wall Unknown wall Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature Unknown feature
Page 92 of 179
Appendix Three: Drawing Register
Drawing_No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Plan/Section
B2 (B & C)
B2 (D & E) B2 (B & C) B B B B2 (B) B2 (B) B2 (D) B2 (C) B2 (A) B2 (O) B1 (D) B2 (A) B2 (J & H)
B2 (D & E) B1 B1 B1
Trench/Area A1 A1 A? A1 A3 B2
Description
Scale
Date
Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan
1: 20 1: 20 1: 50 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20
?/?/73 ?/?/73 ?/?/78 ?/?/81 ?/?/72 ?/?/75 ?/?/75
Plan of Trench A1 Plan of Trench A1 Plan of Trench in A, Probably Trench A1 Plan of western end of Trench A1 Plan of Trench A3 Plan of Trench B2 showing cultivation ridges Plan of Trench B2 (B) and B2 (C) showing cultivation ridges Plan of Trench B2 (D) and B2 (E) showing cultivation ridges Plan of Trench B2 (B) showing cultivation ridges Plan of Area B showing all cultivation ridges Plan of Area B showing all cultivation ridges Plan of trench layout in Area B Plan of Trench B2 (B) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (B) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (D) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (C) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (A) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (O) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B1 (D) showing plough marks Plan of Trench B2 (A) showing plough marks Plan of Trenches B2 (J) and B2 (H) showing plough marks Plan of Trenches B2 (D) and B2 (E) showing cultivation ridges Plan of Postholes within the Roundhouse Plan of south east of the Roundhouse Plan of north and south east of the Roundhouse
Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan
1: 20 1: 20 1: 100 1: 100 1: 100 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20
?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/?
Plan Plan Plan Plan
1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20
?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/?
Page 93 of 179
Drawing_No. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Plan/Section
Trench/Area B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D
Description
Scale
Date
Plan Plan Plan Section Section Section Plan Section Section Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan
1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 10 1: 10 1: 10 1: 20 1: 10 1: 10 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 50
?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/78
Plan of north of the Roundhouse Plan of north of the Roundhouse Plan of north of the Roundhouse Sections through Roundhouse wall Sections through Roundhouse wall Section through ditch c104 Plan of south east of the Roundhouse Section across Roundhouse Section across Roundhouse Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of wall in Area C Plan of second trench in Area C Plan of wall in Area C cutting 1 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 2 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 3 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 4 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 4 (mid ex) Plan of wall in Area C cutting 5 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 5 (mid ex0 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 5 (mid ex0 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 6 (mid ex) Plan of wall in Area C cutting 6 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 7 Plan of wall in Area C cutting 8 Plan of Trench in Area D
Page 94 of 179
Drawing_No. 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
Plan/Section
Trench/Area E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F B B B B A
Description
Scale
Date
Plan Plan Section Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Section Section Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan 1: 50 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 50 1: 20 ?/?/78 ?/8/76 ?/8/76 ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? ?/?/? 28/05/1982 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 50 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 ?/?/76 ?/?/76
Plan of Hearth in Area E Plan of Area E Section in Area E Plan of Area F3 Plan of Area F2 And F6 Plan of Area F4 Plan of Area F5 Plan of Area F7 Plan of Area F8 Plan of Area F8 Plan of Area F9 Plan of Area F10 Plan of Area F10 Plan of Area F11 Plan of intersection between F7 and F11 Plan of Area F1 and F2 Plan of Area F3 and F4 Plan of Area F5 and F6 Plan of Area F7 and F8 Plan of Area F2 Plan of Area G Plan of ploughmarks within Area G Plan of cutting F Sections of baulks in Area F Sections of baulks in Area F Plan of Area B2 (Q) Plan of Area B2 (M) Plan of Area B1 Plan of Area E Plan of Pit A
Page 95 of 179
Drawing_No. 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
Plan/Section
Trench/Area F B B B A B B D F C C C C B
Description
Scale
Date
Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Section Section Section Section Section Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Sketch Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Sketch Sketch Sketch Sketch Plan Plan 1: 500 1: 20 20/09/2009 20/09/2009 1: 20 1: 20 29/06/82 ?/?/76 1: 20 1: 20 1: 100 1: 20 29/06/82 1: 20 1: 20 1: 20 1: 100 29/06/1982 1: 500 1: 250 1: 250 1: 250 1: 250 1: 20 ?/?/78
Plan of field system Compiled plan of site Compiled plan of site Trench Plan Trench Plan Trench Plan Section through field wall Section Section through wall Section Section through enclosure wall, presumably F Plan, possibly of part of the Roundhouse Schematic plan of tree stumps Plan of field system Spot heights over Roundhouse Plan of wall, probably in Area F Various sketches of parts of the site Plan of cultivation ridges in Area B Plan of Area B2 (F) and B2 (G) Plan of Area A1 Plan of Ploughmarks in area B. Probably B2 (K) Plan of Ploughmarks in Area B2 (C) and B2 (B) Section of wall in Area D Plan of Area F1 Scale drawing of stakes 21 and 23 Scale drawing of stake 24 Scale drawing of stakes 19 and 29 Scale drawing of stake 25 Compiled trench plan Compiled final plan of roundhouse
Page 96 of 179
Drawing_No. 116
Plan/Section
Trench/Area B
Description
Scale
Date
Plan
1: 20
Plan of roundhouse showing all versions of features
Page 97 of 179
Appendix Four: Finds Register

Context information cannot be assessed for these finds until the site coordinate system is reconstructed, which was not possible in this phase.
Description
Material
Site A
00E109:001 A 1 Pottery Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed shoulder. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed shoulder. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed shoulder. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed shoulder. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed shoulder. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible shoulder sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Degraded outurned rim sherd.
00E109:002
00E109:003
00E109:004
00E109:005
00E109:006
00E109:007
00E109:008
00E109:009
00E109:010
00E109:011
00E109:012
00E109:013
00E109:014
00E109:015
00E109:016
00E109:017
00E109:018
00E109:019
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 98 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:020
00E109:021
00E109:022
00E109:023
00E109:024
00E109:025
00E109:026
00E109:027
00E109:028
00E109:029
00E109:030
00E109:031
00E109:032
00E109:033
00E109:034
00E109:035
00E109:036
00E109:037
00E109:038
00E109:039
00E109:040
00E109:041
00E109:042
00E109:043
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Outurned rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Partially reconstructed. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Outurned rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Partially reconstructed. Black deposit on interior, possible residue. Joins 00E109:036
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Black deposit on interior, possible residue.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Black deposit on interior, possible residue
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 99 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:044
00E109:045
00E109:046
00E109:047
00E109:048
00E109:049
00E109:050
00E109:051
00E109:052
00E109:053
00E109:054
00E109:055
00E109:056
00E109:057
00E109:058
00E109:059
00E109:060
00E109:061
00E109:062
00E109:063
00E109:064
00E109:065
00E109:066
00E109:067
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Drag decoration. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Outurned rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Simple rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric.
Pottery
Pottery
Some mineral soil still adhering to sherd
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 100 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:068
00E109:069
00E109:070
00E109:071
00E109:072
00E109:073
00E109:074
00E109:075
00E109:076
00E109:077
00E109:078
00E109:079
00E109:080
00E109:081
00E109:082
00E109:083
00E109:084
00E109:085
00E109:086
00E109:087
00E109:088
00E109:089
00E109:090
00E109:091
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible shoulder sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible degraded rim. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible yellow grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Degraded. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 101 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:092
00E109:093
00E109:094
00E109:095
00E109:096
00E109:097
00E109:098
00E109:099
00E109:100
00E109:101
00E109:102
00E109:103
00E109:104
00E109:105
00E109:106
00E109:107
00E109:108
00E109:109
00E109:110
00E109:111
00E109:112
00E109:113
00E109:114
00E109:115
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible degraded rim. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd. Carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Slight rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Slight rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Slight rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Slight rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible degraded rim. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible degraded rim.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 102 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:116
00E109:117
00E109:118
00E109:119
00E109:120
00E109:121
00E109:122
00E109:123
00E109:124
00E109:125
00E109:126
00E109:127
00E109:128
00E109:129
00E109:130
00E109:131
00E109:132
00E109:133
00E109:134
00E109:135
00E109:136
00E109:137
00E109:138
00E109:139
Find No
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Probable T shaped rim. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Some small charcoal inclusion noted within fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Some small charcoal inclusion noted within fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabrix associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Some small charcoal inclusion noted within fabric. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed. Carinated bowl Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed with modern filler. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed with modern filler. Carinated bowl. Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed with modern filler. Carinated bowl. Piece of charcoal left adherring to pot surface held by dried mineral soil
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 103 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:140
00E109:141
00E109:142
00E109:143
00E109:144
00E109:145
00E109:146
00E109:147
00E109:148
00E109:149
00E109:150
00E109:151
00E109:152
00E109:153
00E109:154
00E109:155
00E109:156
00E109:157
00E109:158
00E109:159
00E109:160
00E109:161
00E109:162
00E109:163
Find No
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired fabric with numerous crushed flint inclusions. Rounded profile, partially reconstructed with modern filler. Carinated bowl. Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached
Pottery
Possible coarseware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl.
Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W.
Pottery
Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 104 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:164
00E109:165
00E109:166
00E109:167
00E109:168
00E109:169
00E109:170 00E109:171 73E109:172 73E109:173 73E109:174 73E109:175 73E109:176
73E109:177
73E109:178 73E109:179 73E109:180
73E109:181
73E109:182
73E109:183
73E109:184
73E109:185 73E109:186 00E109:187 00E109:188 00E109:189 00E109:190
00E109:191
00E109:192
Find No
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A A A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT 09/04/1973 09/04/1973 09/04/1973 09/04/1973 09/04/1973
A N EXT
A A A
A A N EXT A A A A
Trench
Notes
05/04/1973
06/04/1973 16/04/1973 00/00/1973
05/04/1973
05/04/1973
05/04/1973
05/04/1973
05/04/1973 05/04/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric.
Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W.
Pottery
Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached Co ords 6.15 m N 5-6 m W. Some mineral soil attached
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Blue; grey debitage Black; possible core rejuvenation flake. Grey; debitage, some patination Grey; debitage, some patination Grey; debitage, some patination Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, some evidence for grey slip on interior Black; flake possible leaf shaped arrowhead Grey; flake, probable scraper blank Grey; debitage Black well fired sherd with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed interior. Black well fired sherd with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed interior. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, similar to carinated bowl. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, similar to carinated bowl. While; debitage While; debitage Rose; debitage White; debitage
Pottery
Pottery
Dolerite Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Co ords 0.61 m S 6.09 m W Co ords 0.61 m S 6.09 m W Co ords 0.61 m S 6.09 m W Co ords 0.61 m S 6.09 m W Co ords 0.61 m S 6.09 m W
Pottery
Co ords 0.75 m S 7.15 m W
Chert Flint Flint
Co ords 0.30 m S 3.15 m W Co ords 2.60 m S 2.90 m W
Pottery
Co ords 0.15 m S 5-6 m W
Pottery
Co ords 0.15 m S 5-6 m W
Pottery
Thick fabric may be part of larger vessel
Pottery
Co ords 0.15 m S 5-6 m m W
Pottery Pottery Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Rock crystal Rock crystal
Co ords 0.15 m S 5-6 m m W
Debitage
Possible core
Page 105 of 179
Description
Material
73E109:193
73E109:194
00E109:195
00E109:196
00E109:197
00E109:198
73E109:199 73E109:200 73E109:201 73E109:202 73E109:203 73E109:204 73E109:205 73E109:206 73E109:207 73E109:208 73E109:209 73E109:210 73E109:211 73E109:212 73E109:213
73E109:214
73E109:215
73E109:216
73E109:217
73E109:218
Find No
A N EXT
A N EXT
A A A A A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT
Trench
Notes
05/04/1973
05/04/1973
13/07/1973 13/07/1973 13/07/1973 13/07/1973 18/04/1973 08/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973
23/07/1973
23/07/1973
30/07/1973
30/07/1973
30/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Large amount of crushed quartz on one side. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed, and exterior may present stab and drag decoration. Simple rim sherd. Curved profile. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed, and exterior may present twisted cord impressed decoration. Simple rim sherd. Black sooty residue on interior and exterior below rim. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed, and exterior may present stab and drag decoration. Simple rim sherd. Curved profile. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Definite slip on exterior and interior. Interior and exterior have been smoothed, and decoration applied to exterior of twisted cord impression both horizontal and vertical. Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; flake possible scraper blank Black; flake, possible scraper blank Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Probable simple rim. Possible grey slip smoothed on interior Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Probable simple rim. Possible grey slip smoothed on interior Possible coarseware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible outurned rim.
Pottery
Pottery
Twice thickness of carinated bowls
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Co ords 3.40 m S 4.28 m W Co ords 6.08 m S 7.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W Co ords 6.09 m S 2.80 m W
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 106 of 179
Description
Material
73E109:219
00E109:220
81E109:221
73E109:222
00E109:223
00E109:224
00E109:225
00E109:226
00E109:227
00E109:228
78E109:229
00E109:230
00E109:231
00E109:232
00E109:233
81E109:234 72E109:235 72E109:236 72E109:237 72E109:238 72E109:239 72E109:240 78E109:241
Find No
A A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A
Trench
Notes
30/07/1973
23/07/1981
23/07/1973
19/06/1978
30/07/1981 14/02/1972 14/02/1972 14/02/1972 14/02/1972 14/02/1972 14/02/1972 00/00/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Grey sherd with black interior. Some crushed quartz in fabric. Grey coloration on both exterior and interior may represent applied slip, and probable smoothing of surfaces. Possible stab decoration. Not as well fired as Carinated bowl. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Grey slip on exterior and interior, possibly sooty residue on smoothed interior, pinched simple rim. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed, and exterior may present stab and drag decoration. Simple rim sherd. Curved profile. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Yellow/grey slip on exterior and interior. Grey sherd with black interior. Some crushed quartz in fabric. Grey coloration on both exterior and interior may represent applied slip, and probable smoothing of surfaces. Possible stab decoration. Not as well fired as Carinated bowl. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on interior and smoothed Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, thick sherd with grey slip on interior and exterior probably smoothed. Twisted cord impressed decoration Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions, oxidised on interior, and grey slip to interior and exterior, both appear to have been smoothed
Pottery
Pottery
Co ords 6.85 m N 2.25 m E
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Rock crystal
Flake
Co ords 0.10 m S 5.60 m E
Pottery
Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed. Simple rim sherd. . Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed. Degraded simple rim sherd. . Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on both interior and exterior Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed. . Grey; prepared uni core; exposed impurities Grey debitage Grey, debitage Grey, debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Twice thickness of carinated bowl.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert
Page 107 of 179
Description
Material
81E109:242 81E109:243 81E109:244 81E109:245 81E109:246 81E109:247 81E109:248 81E109:249 73E109:250 73E109:251 73E109:252 73E109:253 73E109:254 73E109:255 73E109:256 73E109:257 73E109:258 73E109:259 81E109:260 81E109:261 81E109:262 78E109:263
78E109:264
00E109:265 00E109:266 00E109:267 00E109:268 00E109:269 00E109:270 00E109:271 00E109:272 00E109:273 00E109:274 00E109:275
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A W EXT A A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A W EXT A A A A
A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
23/07/1981 22/07/1981 14/07/1981 22/07/1981 22/07/1981 30/07/1981 24/07/1981 23/07/1981 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 18/04/1973 14/07/1981 29/07/1981 30/07/1981 00/00/1978
00/00/1978
06/07/1973 14/07/1978 00/00/72 13/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Quartz Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Quartz Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Flake; possible end scraper Grey; flake, large unmodified Grey; flake, some cortex, scraper Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Probable blade; broken Co ords 113.07 m N 47.49 m E Co ords 5.04 m N 1.57 m E Co ords 5.63 m N 2.29 m E Co ords 5.19 m S 2.12 m E Co ords 1.67 m S 3.18 m E Co ords 1.51 m S 3.95 m E Co ords 0.65-1.20 m S 5.15-5.30 m E
Debitage
Black; possible thumb scraper Black; possible core Black grey; flake Black; thin flake, possible blade Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Area of standing stone
Page 108 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:276 00E109:277 00E109:278 00E109:279 00E109:280 00E109:281
00E109:282
00E109:283
00E109:284 00E109:285 00E109:286 00E109:287 00E109:288 00E109:289 00E109:290
00E109:291
00E109:292
00E109:293
00E109:294
00E109:295
00E109:296
00E109:297
00E109:298
00E109:299
00E109:300
00E109:301 00E109:302
00E109:303
00E109:304
Find No
A A A A A A
A W EXT
A W EXT
A A A A A A A
A N EXT A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
Trench
Notes
14/07/1978 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973 06/07/1973
18/04/1973
18/04/1973
14/02/1973 14/02/1973 14/02/1973 14/02/1973 14/02/1973 00/00/72 00/00/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/07/1972
00/00/1974 00/00/74
00/00/1974
00/00/1974
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal Rock crystal Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake possible retouch, broken thumb scraper? Grey; debitage
Debitage
Debitage
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake, possible patination Black; debitage Grey; scraper blank Grey; end scraper Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Rounded profile. Coarse ware sherd with some quartz and charcoal inclusions. Grey slip on exterior and interior, with smoothed interior Coarse ware sherd with some quartz and charcoal inclusions, Grey slip on exterior, smoothed interior with black sooty residue. Coarse ware sherd with some quartz and charcoal inclusions, Grey slip on exterior, smoothed interior with black sooty residue. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Interior has been smoothed. Coarse ware small sherd with no inclusions Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on fabric. Simple rim sherd. Black sooty residue immediately below rim on interior. Possible coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Rounded simple rim Coarse ware sherd with some quartz and charcoal inclusions, Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed interior with black ssoty residue. coarse ware sherd with some quartz and charcoal inclusions, Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed interior with black sooty residue. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions. Degraded rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Rounded profile. Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N. Some mineral soil still adhering.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 m - 0.80 m N.
Pottery
Pottery Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated
Page 109 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:305
00E109:306
00E109:307
00E109:308
00E109:309
00E109:310
00E109:311
00E109:312
00E109:313
00E109:314
00E109:315
00E109:316
00E109:317
00E109:318
00E109:319
00E109:320
00E109:321
00E109:322
00E109:323
00E109:324
00E109:325
Find No
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
Trench
Notes
00/00/1974
00/00/74
00/00/74
00/00/74
00/00/74
00/00/74
24/05/1974
24/05/1974
24/05/1974
24/05/1974
24/05/1974
25/06/1974
25/06/1974
25/06/1974
00/12/1972
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
Date
Qty
bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior and exterior Rounded profile. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Rounded profile. Simple rim sherd. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior and exterior. Rounded profile. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz. Possible slip on interior and smoothed Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip noted on interior. Simple rim sherd Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior. Possible larger carinated bowl. Rounded profile. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible slip on exterior and interior. Smoothed interior. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible slip on exterior and interior, abraded on interior. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible slip on exterior and interior, abraded on exterior. Well fired grey sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on exterior and interior. Interior has been smoothed. Possible coarse ware sherd containing crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Some grey slip on exterior. Possible coarseware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior Coarseware sherd, well fired interior fabric with crushed quartz, thick sherd with grey slip on exterior and exterior which appears to have been smoothed White; possible plano convex blade with evidence of original retouch and later blade edge damage. Well fired black sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on interiorand exterior. Interior has been smoothedsmooth simple rolled rim. Possible coarse ware sherd containing crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Simple rim. Possiblecoarse ware sherd containing crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Well fired black sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on interior. Interior has been smoothed. Possible large carinated bowl, with smooth simple flat rim. Well fired black sherd with black fabric interior containing some crushed quartz. Probable grey slip on interior. Interior has been smoothed. Possible large carinated bowl, with smooth simple flat rim. Coarseware sherd, well fired interior fabric with crushed quartz, thick sherd with grey slip on interior. Possible scalloped rim
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Flint
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 110 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:326
00E109:327
00E109:328
00E109:329
00E109:330
00E109:331
00E109:332 00E109:333 00E109:334 00E109:335 00E109:336 00E109:337 00E109:338
00E109:339
00E109:340 00E109:341 00E109:342 00E109:343 00E109:344 00E109:345 00E109:346 00E109:347 00E109:348 00E109:349 00E109:350 00E109:351 00E109:352 00E109:353 00E109:354 00E109:355
Find No
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 82
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81
A N EXT
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
31/05/1982
25/08/1982
25/05/1982
31/05/1982 31/05/1982 31/05/1982 31/05/1982 25/05/1982 25/05/1982 31/05/1982
31/05/1982
01/06/1982 28/05/1982 28/05/1982 26/05/1982 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Possible coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible smoothed interior, but no slip noticeable. Possible base piece. Exterior slip grey material, again abraded. Possible coarse ware sherd containing crushed quartz. The interior of the sherd has not been oxidised to the same extent as the surfaces which show charcoal inclusions. Possible coarse ware sherd containing crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Grey; debitage Well fired black thick sherd. Possible smoothed interior, but no evidence for slip. Large piece of chacoal visible in fabric. Large amount of crushed quartz on probable exterior surface, possible grey slip on exterior. Possible coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible smoothed interior, but no slip noticeable. Possible base piece. Exterior slip of yellow grey material, again abraded. Coarse ware well fired black fabric with crushed quartz pieces. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, degraded. Coarse ware black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions Coarse ware black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, degraded. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, degraded. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions, degraded. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Grey slip exterior and interior. Degraded. Debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey, debitage Honey, flake, possible retouch Grey, debitage Black/grey, flake Black, flake, some patination Black; debitage Debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; flake, possible end scraper Co ords 0.45 m N 3.31 m E Co ords 2.46 m N 5.24 m E Co ords 2.46 m N 5.24 m E Co ords 0.28 m N 3.54 m W Co ords 0.85 m N 2.72 E
Pottery
Thick fabric
Pottery
Flint
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery
Pottery
Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert
Page 111 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:356 00E109:357 00E109:358 00E109:359 00E109:360 00E109:361 00E109:362 00E109:363 00E109:364 00E109:365 00E109:366
00E109:367
00E109:368
00E109:369
00E109:370
00E109:371
00E109:372 00E109:373 00E109:374 00E109:375 00E109:376 00E109:377 00E109:378 00E109:379 00E109:380
00E109:381
00E109:382
00E109:383
00E109:384
00E109:385
Find No
A A A A A A A EXT 81 A EXT 81 A EXT 81
Trench
Notes
00/09/1972 00/09/1972 13/07/1972 00/00/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 30/11/1971 30/11/1971 30/11/1971 30/11/1971
25/05/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
01/06/1982
27/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 28/05/1982 01/06/1982 15/06/1982
00/00/72
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
13/07/1972
13/07/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint
Black; flake, possible scraper blank Black; debitage Grey; possible flake, some cortex, broken Grey; thumb scraper Black; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; flake, possible scraper blank Black; debitage Flake, possible serrated blade, heavily patinated Debitage, heavily patinated Debitage, heavily patinated Grey; debitage Grey, possible scraper blank, evidence for pressure flaking to dorsal surface, possible edge damage Coarse ware sherd with quartz inclusions, no oxidised interior. Black deposits on exterior and interior Coarse ware sherd with quartz inclusions and charcoal. Black deposits on exterior and interior. Degraded Coarse ware sherd with quartz and charcoal inclusions. Degraded Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Grey slip exterior. Degraded rim. Possible pumice cobble; burnt (2 pieces) Grey beach cobble; probable hammerstone with some damage to one end Grey beach cobble; possible hammerstone, broken, possibly burnt Grey beach cobble; possible hammerstone, broken, possibly burnt Grey beach cobble; possible hammerstone. No use damage apparent Grey beach cobble; probable hammerstone with some damage to one end Grey beach cobble; probable hammerstone with some damage to one end Grey beach cobble; probable hammerstone with some damage to both ends Grey beach cobble; possible hammerstone, broken Grey beach cobble; probable maul with apparent grooves on opposing lateral faces. Coarse ware with some crushed quartz inclusions. Oxidised interior, with possible grey slip on interior and exterior. Degraded Coarse ware with some crushed quartz inclusions. Oxidised interior, with possible grey slip on interior and exterior. Degraded Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior. Well fired black sherd with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior. Co ords 1.82 N 7.62 E Fill of Pit B Associated with standing stone area A Associated with standing stone area A Associated with standing stone area A West of standing stone area A
Flint
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Co ords 2.0 m N 3.80 m W
Pottery
Page 112 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:386
00E109:387
00E109:388
00E109:389
00E109:390
00E109:391
00E109:392 00E109:393 00E109:394 00E109:395 00E109:396 00E109:397 00E109:398 00E109:399 00E109:400 00E109:401 00E109:402 00E109:403 00E109:404 00E109:405 00E109:406 00E109:407 00E109:408 00E109:409
00E109:410
00E109:411
00E109:412
00E109:413
00E109:414
00E109:415
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
13/07/1972
13/07/1972
12/07/1972
12/07/1972
12/07/1972
12/07/1972
17/07/1972 14/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 30/06/1978 30/06/1978 11/02/1972 11/02/1972 24/07/1972 12/07/1972 14/07/1972
13/07/1972
21/07/1972
20/06/1978
20/06/1978
20/06/1978
20/06/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Probable slip on interior and smoothed Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Probable grey slip on interior and exterior. Degraded. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, and some charcoal. Smoothed exterior and interior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, and some charcoal. Smoothed exterior and interior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, and some charcoal. Smoothed exterior and interior. Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl. Possible grey slip on fabric, probable simple rim sherd Grey; possible end scraper blank Grey; flake, possible point, broken tip Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible coarseware sherd, degraded Grey; flake, broken Black; possible worn thumb scraper Grey; possible broken end scraper Black; flake Grey; flake, possible scraper blank Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Honey; worn thumb scraper Coarse ware black sherd with quartz inclusions and charcoal. Possible grey slip Black; flake, possible small blade Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz. Possible slip on interior and smoothed Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed interior with black sooty residue. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz. Possible slip on interior and smoothed Black well fired sherd with fabric associations to the quartz rich carinated bowl.
Pottery
Pottery
Similar to decorated pieces, found in Pit B
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Pottery Pottery Flint Chert Flint Chert Flint Pottery Pottery Flint
"knapping area" Co ords 1.10 m N 4.80 m W
Co ords 0.84 m N 5.53 m W Co ords 0.80 m S 17.75 m E
Co ords 4.10 m N 1.30 m W Co ords 1.30 m N 3.30 m W Co ords 0.84 m N 5.53 m W ;ocated over paved area ;ocated over paved area Co ords 4.50 m N 2.30 m W
Pottery
Chert
Co ords 2.40 m S 17.24 m E
Pottery
Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E
Pottery
Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E
Pottery
Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E
Pottery
Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E
Page 113 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:416 00E109:417
00E109:418
00E109:419 00E109:420 00E109:421 00E109:422 00E109:423 00E109:424 00E109:425 00E109:426 00E109:427 00E109:428 00E109:429 00E109:430 00E109:431 00E109:432 00E109:433 00E109:434 00E109:435 00E109:436 00E109:437 00E109:438 00E109:439 00E109:440 00E109:441 00E109:442 00E109:443 00E109:444 00E109:445 00E109:446 00E109:447
00E109:448
Find No
A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
20/06/1978 20/06/1978
19/06/1978
26/06/1978 26/06/1978 26/06/1978 26/06/1978 26/06/1978 15/07/1972 25/07/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972
17/11/1973
Date
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery Pottery
Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz. Possible slip on interior and smoothed Blue grey; debitage Blue grey; debitage Blue grey; debitage Blue grey; debitage Blue grey; debitage Grey; thumb scraper, retouch along distal edge Grey; flake possible retouch along edge Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; flake Black; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; possible flake, some cortex Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; possible point Grey; possible flake, some cortex
Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E Co ords 18.36 m S 2.25 m E
Pottery
Dolerite Dolerite Dolerite Dolerite Dolerite Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal
Co ords 1.40 m S 13.30 m E Co ords 1.40 m S 13.30 m E Co ords 1.40 m S 13.30 m E Co ords 1.40 m S 13.30 m E Co ords 1.40 m S 13.30 m E Co ords 0.80 m N 36.70 m W Co ords 1.80 m N 2.70 m W
Debitage
Page 114 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:449 00E109:450 00E109:451 00E109:452 00E109:453 00E109:454 00E109:455 00E109:456 00E109:457 00E109:458 00E109:459 00E109:460 00E109:461 00E109:462 00E109:463 00E109:464 00E109:465
00E109:466
00E109:467
00E109:468
00E109:469
00E109:470
00E109:471 00E109:472 00E109:473 00E109:474 00E109:475 00E109:476 00E109:477 00E109:478 00E109:479 00E109:480
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 00/07/1972 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 12/07/1972
11/07/1978
11/07/1978
11/07/1978
11/07/1978
07/07/1972
00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Pottery Pottery Chert
Black grey; flake, possible point Black grey; flake, un modified Black; flake, possible point, broken Black grey; flake, un modified Black; flake, possible blade, broken Black; flake, possible blade, broken Black, flake, broken Black, probable point, broken Black; flake, probable blade, broken Black; possible end scraper, broken Black; possible thumb scraper, broken Black, flake, probable point, broken Black, flake, possible thumb scraper Black, debitage Coarse ware sherd with no obvious inclusions Coarse ware sherd with no obvious inclusions Black; flake, possible plano convex blade, broken Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior, although the portion of simple flattened rim is blackened (abraded slip). Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior. Crushed quartz on exterior Well fired black sherd wirh crushed quartz inclusions Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior. Black; debitage Black; flake, some modification to hollow along one edge Black grey; flake, broken Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage Co ords 2.10 m S 20.60 m E Co ords 2.10 m S 20.60 m E
Pottery
Co ords 1.40 m S 18.17 m E
Pottery
Co ords 1.40 m S 18.17 m E
Pottery
Co ords 1.40 m S 18.17 m E
Pottery
Co ords 1.40 m S 18.17 m E
Pottery
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Page 115 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:481 00E109:482 00E109:483 00E109:484 00E109:485 00E109:486 00E109:487 00E109:488 00E109:489 00E109:490 00E109:491 00E109:492
00E109:493
00E109:494
00E109:495
00E109:496 00E109:497
00E109:498
00E109:499
00E109:500
00E109:501 00E109:502 00E109:503 00E109:504 00E109:505 00E109:506
00E109:507
00E109:508 00E109:509 00E109:510 00E109:511 00E109:512
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A
A EXT 81
A EXT 81
A EXT 81 A
A EXT 81
A A A A A A
A A A A A
Trench
Notes
04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 04/07/1972 12/07/1978 12/07/1978 12/07/1978 25/05/1982 26/05/1982 25/05/1982 28/05/1982
27/07/1981
04/07/1972
01/06/1982
01/06/1982 01/06/1982
01/06/1982
13/07/1972
12/07/1978
11/07/1978 26/06/1977 30/07/1981 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72
00/00/72
00/00/72 14/07/1978 14/07/1978 14/07/1978 14/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Black; possible core Black; debitage Black; debitage Grey, flake, unmodified Grey; flake Grey; flake, possible thumb scraper Grey; flake, possible thumb scraper Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and larger quartz pieces Grey; flake, possible thumb scraper Coarse ware with black fabric and crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible smoothed exterior, but no obvious slip. Coarse ware with black fabric and crushed quartz and charcoal. Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior Honey; scraper some retouch visible along distal edge Coarse ware with black fabric and crushed quartz and charcoal, thick base sherd Grey; debitage White, flake, possible retouch along one edge - scraper? Beach cobble; probable hammerstone, broken Co ords 7.63 m N 6.98 m E Co ords 2m S 15 m E Co ords 2m S 15 m E Co ords 2m S 15 m E Co ords 1.30 m N 6.02 m W Co ords 1.47 m N 2.56 m W
Pottery
Flint
Pottery
N corner
Pottery Pottery
N corner
Pottery
N corner
Flint
Pottery
Co ords 2 m S 15 m E
Flint Quartz
Co ords 1.13 m S 13.55 m E Co ords 0.10 m S 10.90 m E Co ords 6.21 m N 4.74 m E
Chert Flint Flint Rock crystal Quartz Chert Chert Chert Flint
Black; flake, possible point Grey; flake, probable thumb scraper Grey; flake, possible core rejuvenation flake
Flake
White flake, possible point Black grey; probable core Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; debitage
Page 116 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:513 00E109:514 00E109:515 00E109:516
00E109:517
00E109:518 00E109:519 00E109:520 00E109:521 00E109:522 00E109:523 00E109:524 00E109:525 00E109:526 00E109:527 00E109:528 00E109:529 00E109:530 00E109:531 00E109:532 00E109:533 00E109:534 00E109:535 00E109:536 00E109:537 00E109:538 00E109:539 00E109:540 00E109:541 00E109:542 00E109:543
00E109:544
00E109:545
Find No
A A A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
14/07/1978 14/07/1978 14/07/1978 14/07/1978
00/09/1972
04/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 17/07/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 00/00/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 15/01/1972 30/11/1971 30/11/1971 30/11/1971 30/11/1971 00/00/72
03/08/1972
13/07/1972
Date
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Quartz Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Rock crystal Flint
Grey; debitage Grey; flake, possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Co ords 0.85 m S 5.15 m E
Flake
Grey; flake, possible thumb scraper Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Black; flake, probable thumb scraper, retouch along distal edge White; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey, debitage Black grey; flake West of standing stone West of standing stone West of standing stone West of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area"
Flake
Co ords 2.30 m N 11.50 m W
Grey; flake, broken
Page 117 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:546 00E109:547 00E109:548 00E109:549 00E109:550 00E109:551 00E109:552 00E109:553 00E109:554 00E109:555 00E109:556 00E109:557 00E109:558 00E109:559 00E109:560 00E109:561 00E109:562 00E109:563 00E109:564 00E109:565 00E109:566 00E109:567 00E109:568 00E109:569 00E109:570 00E109:571 00E109:572 00E109:573 00E109:574 00E109:575
00E109:576
00E109:577 00E109:578 00E109:579
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A
Trench
Notes
13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 12/07/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/00/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 00/09/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 13/07/1972 06/07/1972 06/07/1972 06/07/1972
06/07/1972
06/12/1971 07/12/1971 08/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Pottery Pottery Pottery
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake, possible thumb scraper blank Grey; debitage Black; flake, probable thumb scraper Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; flake, possible blade, broken Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake, broken, possible base of leaf shaped arrowhead Grey; flake, broken Grey; flake, broken Coarse ware sherd with shoulder and simple rim. Large piece Coarse ware sherd with rim and part of shoulder. See 573 Coarse ware sherd no obvious inclusions Coarse ware with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior and interior, but abraded Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Co ords 0.50 - 0.80 m N Co ords 0.50 - 0.80 m N Co ords 0.50 - 0.80 m N Area of standing stone Co ords 0.50 m N 33.60 m W
Pottery
Co ords 0.50 - 0.80 m N
Chert Chert Chert
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Page 118 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:580 00E109:581 00E109:582 00E109:583 00E109:584 00E109:585 00E109:586 00E109:587 00E109:588 00E109:589 00E109:590 00E109:591 00E109:592 00E109:593 00E109:594 00E109:595 00E109:596 00E109:597 00E109:598 00E109:599 00E109:600 00E109:601 00E109:602 00E109:603 00E109:604 00E109:605 00E109:606 00E109:607 00E109:608 00E109:609 00E109:610 00E109:611 00E109:612 00E109:613
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
09/12/1971 10/12/1971 11/12/1971 12/12/1971 13/12/1971 14/12/1971 12/12/1971 12/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 00/00/1972 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 00/00/1972 13/12/1971 15/12/1971 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 12/12/1971 07/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971
Date
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Flint Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black;debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black; debitage Banded; flake Black grey; debitage White; flake White; flake White; flake White; flake White; flake White; flake Black; debitage Black; flake White; flake, broken White; possible core Grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Page 119 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Page 120 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Page 121 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
17/12/1971 17/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 00/00/72 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 17/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971 14/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage White, debitage White, debitage White, debitage Black, flake, possible scraper blank Black, debitage Black, debitage White; flake, possible blade, broken Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, partial patination Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage
Page 122 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
14/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 16/12/1971 13/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Quartz Quartz Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert
Black; debitage White, debitage White, debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Black; debitage Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated Black grey; debitage, patinated White; flake White; flake White; flake Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage
Page 123 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 20/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black grey; debitage, possible patination
Page 124 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz
Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination Black grey; debitage, possible patination White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage
Page 125 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz
White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone
Page 126 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz
White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage
Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone Associated with standing stone
Page 127 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Page 128 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Page 129 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971 13/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Page 130 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:988 00E109:989 00E109:990 00E109:991 00E109:992 00E109:993 00E109:994 00E109:995 00E109:996 00E109:997 00E109:998 00E109:999 00E109:1000 00E109:1001 00E109:1002 00E109:1003 00E109:1004 00E109:1005 00E109:1006 00E109:1007 00E109:1008 00E109:1009 00E109:1010 00E109:1011
00E109:1012
00E109:1013
00E109:1014 00E109:1015 00E109:1016 00E109:1017 00E109:1018 00E109:1019 00E109:1020
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971 29/12/1971
11/01/1972
11/01/1972
11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Rock crystal Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black; flakes Black; flakes Black; flakes White; flake White; flake Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Flake
3x3 cut
Flake
3x3 cut
Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage
3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut
Page 131 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1036
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
11/01/1972 11/01/1972 11/01/1972 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971
03/12/1971
03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 03/12/1971 21/01/1972 21/01/1972 21/01/1972 21/01/1972 21/01/1972 00/00/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Black grey debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage
3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area East of standing stone area
Flake
East of standing stone area
Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; flake, possible end scraper, patinated Black; flake Black; flake Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Debitage
East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone East of standing stone 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut 3x3 cut Area of standing stone
Rock
Page 132 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1055
00E109:1056
00E109:1057 00E109:1058 00E109:1059 00E109:1060 00E109:1061 00E109:1062 00E109:1063 00E109:1064 00E109:1065 00E109:1066 00E109:1067 00E109:1068 00E109:1069 00E109:1070 00E109:1071 00E109:1072 00E109:1073 00E109:1074 00E109:1075 00E109:1076 00E109:1077 00E109:1078 00E109:1079 00E109:1080 00E109:1081 00E109:1082 00E109:1083 00E109:1084 00E109:1085 00E109:1086
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
00/00/1972
00/00/1972
00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
crystal Rock crystal Rock crystal Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Debitage
Area of standing stone
Debitage
Area of standing stone
Black; flake, possible blade Black; flake, possible blade White, debitage White, debitage White, debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Page 133 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 27/07/1973 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black; flake, possible point blank Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage
Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Page 134 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1121 00E109:1122 00E109:1123 00E109:1124 00E109:1125 00E109:1126 00E109:1127 00E109:1128 00E109:1129 00E109:1130 00E109:1131 00E109:1132 00E109:1133 00E109:1134 00E109:1135 00E109:1136 00E109:1137 00E109:1138 00E109:1139 00E109:1140 00E109:1141 00E109:1142 00E109:1143 00E109:1144 00E109:1145
00E109:1146
00E109:1147 00E109:1148 00E109:1149 00E109:1150 00E109:1151 00E109:1152 00E109:1153 00E109:1154
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 27/07/1973 00/00/1973 00/00/1973 27/07/1973 27/07/1973 27/07/1973 24/09/1972 17/11/1973 00/07/1973 00/00/1973 00/07/1973 00/07/1973 24/11/1973 00/07/1973 17/11/1973 00/07/1973 17/11/1973 00/00/1973 24/11/1973 17/11/1972
27/07/1973
00/00/1973 24/09/1972 17/11/1973 00/00/1973 00/00/1973 24/11/1973 17/11/1973 00/00/1972
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Rock crystal Flint Quartz Quartz Chert Quartz Quartz Chert Quartz
Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Debitage Grey, flake, some cortex Grey; flake, some cortex Black; flake, broken Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage White; possible end scraper with worn edge Black, flake Black, flake Black, flake Black, flake Black, flake Black grey; flake, un modified Black; possible core Black grey; flake, possible blade, broken Black; flake, possible blade, broken Black grey; flake, possible end scraper Black; flake Black; possible core Black grey; flake See 1137
Debitage
Grey; flake, possible point White; flake, broken White, flake, some cortex Black grey; possible flake, unmodified White; flake, possible blade White; flake, possible blade Black; flake White; debitage Area of standing stone
Page 135 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1155 00E109:1156 00E109:1157 00E109:1158 00E109:1159 00E109:1160 00E109:1161
00E109:1162
00E109:1163 00E109:1164 00E109:1165 00E109:1166 00E109:1167 00E109:1168 00E109:1169 00E109:1170 00E109:1171 00E109:1172 00E109:1173 00E109:1174
00E109:1175
00E109:1176
00E109:1177 00E109:1178 00E109:1179 00E109:1180 00E109:1181 00E109:1182 00E109:1183 00E109:1184 00E109:1185 00E109:1186 00E109:1187
Find No
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A
Trench
Notes
17/11/1973 17/11/1973 17/11/1973 17/11/1973 17/02/1972 17/02/1973 27/07/1973
17/11/1973
00/00/1973 00/07/1973 24/11/1973 24/09/1972 00/00/1972 00/07/1973 00/00/1972 27/07/1973 17/11/1973 17/11/1973 00/07/1973 27/07/1973
27/07/1973
27/07/1973
17/11/1973 27/07/1973 17/11/1973 00/07/1973 00/00/1973 00/00/1973 17/11/1973 17/11/1973 17/11/1973 00/00/1972 17/11/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Chert Rock crystal Quartz Chert Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Rock crystal Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Chert Flint
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; flake, broken Black; debitage 3x3 cut 3x3 cur
Flake
White; flake, probable blade Black; flake White; flake, unmodified White; flake, unmodified Black; possible core Black; flake, possible thumb scraper blank Black grey; possible core Black; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; flake Black; flake, end scraper, possible patination Black; flake Grey; debitage Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Debitage
Debitage
Black;; flake, possible blade, broken Black; debitage Black grey; possible blade, broken Black grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Flake Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Black grey; flake, some patination Grey; debitage Area of standing stone
Page 136 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1188 00E109:1189 00E109:1190 00E109:1191 00E109:1192 00E109:1193 00E109:1194 00E109:1195 00E109:1196 00E109:1197 00E109:1198 00E109:1199 00E109:1200 00E109:1201 00E109:1202 00E109:1203 00E109:1204 00E109:1205 00E109:1206 00E109:1207
00E109:1208
00E109:1209 00E109:1210 00E109:1211 00E109:1212 00E109:1213 00E109:1214 00E109:1215 00E109:1216 00E109:1217 00E109:1218 00E109:1219 00E109:1220 00E109:1221
Find No
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT
Trench
Notes
17/11/1973 17/11/1973 16/02/1972 16/02/1972 16/02/1972 16/02/1972 16/02/1972 16/02/1972 02/12/1971 02/12/1971 02/12/1971 02/12/1971 02/12/1971 02/12/1971 12/11/1973 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 00/00/1982
09/06/1982
09/06/1982 11/06/1982 02/06/1982 21/06/1982 21/06/1982 21/06/1982 21/06/1982 21/06/1982 00/00/1972 21/06/1982 22/06/1982 23/06/1982 24/06/1982
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Flint
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey, debitage, some cortex Grey, debitage, some cortex Grey, debitage, some cortex Grey, debitage, some cortex Grey, debitage, some cortex Grey, debitage, some cortex Black; debitage Coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions, possible slip Coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions, possible slip Coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions, possible slip Coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions, possible slip Grey; debitage Coarse ware sherd with crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions, possible grey slip Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; flake, possibly patinated White; flake White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black; flake White; flake Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Area of standing stone "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" "knapping area" Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone Area of standing stone
Pottery
Flint Flint Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert
Page 137 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1222 00E109:1223 00E109:1224
00E109:1225
00E109:1226
00E109:1227
00E109:1228
00E109:1229
00E109:1230
00E109:1231 00E109:1232 00E109:1233
00E109:1234
00E109:1235
00E109:1236 00E109:1237 00E109:1238 00E109:1239 00E109:1240 00E109:1241 00E109:1242 00E109:1243 00E109:1244 00E109:1245 00E109:1246 00E109:1247 00E109:1248 00E109:1249
00E109:1250
00E109:1251
Find No
A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT A N EXT
Trench
Notes
25/06/1982 26/06/1982 27/06/1982
03/06/1982
03/06/1982
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
06/06/1982 06/06/1982 11/06/1982
11/06/1982
11/06/1982
11/06/1982 11/06/1982 11/16/82 11/16/82 11/16/82 11/16/82 02/06/1982 02/06/1982 02/06/1982 02/06/1982 29/06/1982 16/06/1982 09/06/1982 09/06/1982
17/06/1978
17/06/1978
Date
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarseware sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal inclusions. Possible grey slips, but abraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Grey; debitage Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded White; flake, possible point Grey; flake Grey; debitage Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on interior and exterior, abraded Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on interior and exterior, abraded
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Flint
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Quartz Flint Flint Pottery Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 138 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1252
00E109:1253
00E109:1254
00E109:1255
00E109:1256
Site B 00E109:1257 00E109:1258 00E109:1259 00E109:1260 00E109:1261 00E109:1262 00E109:1263 00E109:1264 00E109:1265 00E109:1266 00E109:1267 00E109:1268 00E109:1269 00E109:1270 00E109:1271 00E109:1272 00E109:1273 00E109:1274 00E109:1275 00E109:1276 00E109:1277 00E109:1278 00E109:1279 00E109:1280 00E109:1281 00E109:1282 B2 P B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N 00/00/0000 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 16/06/1982 16/04/1973 06/07/1973 17/08/1972 17/08/1972 26/04/1973 09/07/1973 04/07/1973 05/07/1973 06/07/1973 07/07/1973 08/07/1973 09/07/1973 10/07/1973 11/07/1973 12/07/1973 13/07/1973 14/07/1973 15/07/1973 16/07/1973 17/07/1973 18/07/1973 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Pottery Pottery Pottery Chert STONE Flint Flint Flint Chert Grey; barbed and tanged arrowhead (small), extensive pressure flaking Coarse ware sherd with black crushed quartz inclusions. Rim sherd Coarse ware sherd with black crushed quartz inclusions. Rim sherd Coarse ware sherd with black crushed quartz inclusions. Rim sherd Black grey; flake Green; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; flake Fossil Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage SE Quad pit 2.85 m S 0.18 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 8.60 m W W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area Co ords 1.90 m N 1.30 m W
Find No
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
A N EXT
Trench
Notes
08/06/1982
08/06/1982
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
02/06/1982
Date
Qty
Pottery
Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on interior and exterior, abraded Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on interior and exterior, abraded Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on exterior and crushed quartz pieces applied to exterior Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on exterior and crushed quartz pieces applied to exterior Well fired black sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip on exterior and crushed quartz pieces applied to exterior
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 139 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1283 00E109:1284 00E109:1285 00E109:1286 00E109:1287 00E109:1288 00E109:1289 00E109:1290 00E109:1291 00E109:1292 00E109:1293 00E109:1294 00E109:1295 00E109:1296 00E109:1297 00E109:1298 00E109:1299 00E109:1300 00E109:1301 00E109:1302 00E109:1303
00E109:1304
00E109:1305
00E109:1306
00E109:1307 00E109:1308 00E109:1309 00E109:1310 00E109:1311 00E109:1312 00E109:1313 00E109:1314 00E109:1315
Find No
B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 A B2 A B2 A
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 M
Trench
Notes
19/07/1973 19/07/1973 19/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 25/04/1973 18/04/1973 10/04/1973
11/04/1975
22/07/1982
11/04/1975
17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973 17/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; debitage Coarse ware; black fabric with some crushed stone inclusions; grey yellow slip Coarse ware; black fabric with some crushed stone inclusions; grey yellow slip Coarse ware; black fabric with some crushed stone inclusions; grey yellow slip, rim sherd Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage
W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area W. area
Black occupation layer From enclosure From enclosure
Pottery
Co ords 3.90 m N
Pottery
Co ords 3.90 m N
Pottery
Co ords 3.90 m N
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Page 140 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q
Trench
Notes
21/07/1972 21/07/1972 21/07/1972 21/07/1972 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/72 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE
Page 141 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1350 00E109:1351 00E109:1352 00E109:1353 00E109:1354 00E109:1355 00E109:1356 00E109:1357 00E109:1358 00E109:1359 00E109:1360 00E109:1361 00E109:1362 00E109:1363 00E109:1364 00E109:1365 00E109:1366 00E109:1367 00E109:1368
00E109:1369
00E109:1370 00E109:1371 00E109:1372 00E109:1373 00E109:1374 00E109:1375 00E109:1376 00E109:1377 00E109:1378 00E109:1379
00E109:1380
00E109:1381 00E109:1382
Find No
B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B2 Q B1 B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 T B2 M B1 B1 B1 B1
B2 P
B2 A B2 T B2 T B2 T B2 T B1 B1 B1 B1 B1
B2 M
B2 M B2 P
Trench
Notes
00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 00/00/1974 26/04/1973 24/04/1971 07/04/1975 07/04/1975 07/04/1975 07/04/1975 07/04/1975 00/00/0000 00/00/1974 09/07/1973 26/11/1972 26/11/1972 26/11/1972
21/07/1978
22/07/1976 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 00/00/74 18/04/1973 27/04/1973 06/07/1973 22/08/1972
17/07/1973
17/07/1973 21/07/1978
Date
11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Qty
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Pottery Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Quartz Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint
Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarseware; black fabric, possible waster pieces Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Rim sherd Grey, flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Black grey; debitage Grey; scraper Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage
FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE FRAGILE Pit 0.60 m S 11.40 m W Inner wall trench W edge of ridges W edge of ridges W edge of ridges W edge of ridges W edge of ridges NE corner
From posthole 6.50 m N 5.90 m W Enclosure jamb stones Enclosure jamb stones Enclosure jamb stones
Possible core
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Black; flake, scraper, edge damage Black grey; debitage Black; flake, broken White; flake Grey; debitage, some cortex
E. Area E. Area 1.70 m S 1.90 m E E. Area 1.70 m S 1.90 m E E. Area 1.70 m S 1.90 m E E. Area 1.70 m S 1.90 m E
Co ords 1.50 m N 9.95 m W Pit 6.5 m N 10.80 m W Amongst rough cobbles
Flake
Grey; flake Grey; flake
Page 142 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B1 B1 B2 T B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B2 P B2 M B2 P B2 P B2 A B2 A B2 P B2P B2 P B2 A B2 P B2 P B1 B1 B2 P B1 B2 T B2 P
Trench
Notes
20/04/1973 20/04/1973 01/08/1978 20/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 26/04/1973 21/07/1978 30/04/1973 20/07/1978 21/07/1978 09/07/1981 09/07/1981 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 24/09/1972 13/04/1973 21/07/1978 24/07/1978 27/04/1973 16/04/1973 21/07/1978 26/04/1973 01/08/1978 20/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Flint Quartz Flint Chert Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Black; debitage Grey; flake, cortex present Grey; flake Grey; debitage Black; flake Black; flake Grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; flake White; debitage Grey; flake Black grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black; debitage Grey; debitage; some patination Grey; flake, some cortex Grey; debitage Black; flake Black; debitage
E Ext.
Co ords 3.0 m N 5.20 m W SE Quad 1.90 m N 2.00 m W
Co ords 0.15 m N 3.20 m W E Ext.
Page 143 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1417 00E109:1418 00E109:1419 00E109:1420 00E109:1421 00E109:1422 00E109:1423 00E109:1424 00E109:1425 00E109:1426 00E109:1427 00E109:1428 00E109:1429 00E109:1430 00E109:1431 00E109:1432 00E109:1433 00E109:1434 00E109:1435 00E109:1436 00E109:1437 00E109:1438 00E109:1439 00E109:1440 00E109:1441 00E109:1442 00E109:1443 00E109:1444 00E109:1445
00E109:1446
00E109:1447 00E109:1448 00E109:1449 00E109:1450
Find No
B1 B2 M B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 P B2 G B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 M B2 M B2 M B2 P B2 T B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 M B1
B1
B1 B1 B1 B1
Trench
Notes
12/07/1978 17/07/1973 19/04/1973 01/12/1971 01/12/1971 01/12/1971 03/04/1975 12/07/1973 19/11/1982 20/11/1982 21/11/1982 22/11/1982 23/11/1982 24/11/1982 25/11/1982 26/11/1982 27/11/1982 28/11/1982 29/11/1982 05/06/1974 05/06/1974 05/06/1974 21/07/1978 00/00/1974 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 05/06/1974 09/12/1971
09/12/1971
09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert
Grey, debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; flake, cortex present Black; debitage Grey; flake, broken Grey; flake Grey; flake Black grey; flake, thumb scraper, some retouch visible on distal end Centre of square Entrance to enclosure Co ords 3-4 m N 7-8 m W Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Entrance to enclosure Centre Centre Centre SE Quad 2.00 m N 2.00 m W Interior of enclosure Interior of enclosure Interior of enclosure
Flake
Silty layer in enclosure
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage
Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure
Page 144 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1451 00E109:1452 00E109:1453 00E109:1454 00E109:1455 00E109:1456 00E109:1457 00E109:1458 00E109:1459 00E109:1460 00E109:1461 00E109:1462 00E109:1463 00E109:1464 00E109:1465 00E109:1466 00E109:1467 00E109:1468 00E109:1469 00E109:1470 00E109:1471 00E109:1472 00E109:1473 00E109:1474 00E109:1475 00E109:1476
00E109:1477
00E109:1478 00E109:1479 00E109:1480 00E109:1481 00E109:1482 00E109:1483 00E109:1484
Find No
B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 T
B2 A
B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A B2 A
Trench
Notes
09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 09/12/1971 20/07/1978 24/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 11/06/1974 15/12/1971 01/08/1978
19/07/1978
15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971 15/12/1971
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Quartz Quartz Quartz Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert
Black; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; hollow based arrowhead Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Black; debitage Black; debitage Black grey; possible rough out for adze but very irregular shape, possible use of natural polished stone Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage, some patination Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Co ords 3.05 m S 0.20 m E
Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 1.55 m W
Chert
West of enclosure, stony headland
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure Clay layer in enclosure
Page 145 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1485 00E109:1486
00E109:1487
00E109:1488 00E109:1489 00E109:1490 00E109:1491 00E109:1492 00E109:1493 00E109:1494 00E109:1495 00E109:1496 00E109:1497 00E109:1498 00E109:1499 00E109:1500 00E109:1501 00E109:1502 00E109:1503 00E109:1504 00E109:1505 00E109:1506 00E109:1507 00E109:1508 00E109:1509 00E109:1510 00E109:1511 00E109:1512 00E109:1513 00E109:1514 00E109:1515 00E109:1516 00E109:1517 00E109:1518
Find No
B2 A B2 P
B1
B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 N B2 P B2 A B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B2 P B1
Trench
Notes
15/12/1971 21/07/1978
19/04/1973
04/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 04/07/1973 27/08/1974 00/00/74 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975
09/08/1972 18/09/1972
Date
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Flake
SE Quad 1.23 m N 0.63 m W
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey, cortex backed projectile head; broken both ends Grey; flake, possible blade, broken Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; leaf shaped arrowhead, extensive pressure flaking, broken Black; flake Grey; flake, some cortex
W. Area W. Area W. Area W. Area
West of enclosure associated with ridges Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer
NW Ext. Co ords 0.70 m N 1.60 m W
Co ords 1.10 m N 1.90 m W, amongst
Page 146 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1519
00E109:1520
00E109:1521 00E109:1522 00E109:1523 00E109:1524 00E109:1525 00E109:1526 00E109:1527 00E109:1528 00E109:1529 00E109:1530 00E109:1531 00E109:1532 00E109:1533 00E109:1534 00E109:1535 00E109:1536 00E109:1537 00E109:1538 00E109:1539 00E109:1540 00E109:1541 00E109:1542 00E109:1543 00E109:1544 00E109:1545 00E109:1546 00E109:1547 00E109:1548 00E109:1549 00E109:1550 00E109:1551
Find No
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P 03/04/1975 21/08/1972 14/03/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 14/03/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 20/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975
Trench
Notes
20/03/1975
00/00/1974
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
stones Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Grey; debitage, some cortex Co ords 1.70 m N 1.80 m W
Flake
Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; possible flake for scraper blank Grey; debitage Grey; backed cortex, thumb scraper Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex W. Ext, 0.47 m N 0.80 m W Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Centre of enclosure
Page 147 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1552 00E109:1553 00E109:1554 00E109:1555 00E109:1556 00E109:1557 00E109:1558 00E109:1559
00E109:1560
00E109:1561 00E109:1562 00E109:1563 00E109:1564 00E109:1565 00E109:1566 00E109:1567 00E109:1568 00E109:1569 00E109:1570 00E109:1571 00E109:1572 00E109:1573 00E109:1574 00E109:1575 00E109:1576 00E109:1577 00E109:1578 00E109:1579 00E109:1580 00E109:1581 00E109:1582 00E109:1583 00E109:1584 00E109:1585
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 04/04/1975 03/04/1975 04/04/1975
24/03/1975
18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 18/04/1972 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some patination Black grey; possible core Grey; debitage
Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer
Flake
Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination
W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer
Page 148 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination
Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer
Page 149 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 21/03/1975 24/07/1972 24/07/1972 24/07/1978 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 24/06/1983 21/07/1978 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Pottery Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; flake, possible blade/scraper, broken White; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; flake Black; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination
Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer Charcoal layer
Co ords 7.02 m N 0.10 m W Co ords 1.78 m S 8.00 m E
Page 150 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1669
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
14/03/1975 03/04/1975 24/03/1975 20/03/1975 04/04/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 24/03/1975 24/03/1975 04/04/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975
14/03/1975
14/03/1975 14/03/1972 14/03/1972 04/04/1975 19/03/1975 19/03/1975 14/03/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Quartz Quartz Quartz Rock crystal Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; scraper, some edge damage Black; flake, possible end scraper Grey; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; flake Black; flake White; debitage White; debitage White; debitage W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext W. Ext Co ords 2.05 m N 2.73 m W
Debitage
Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Grey; debitage, patination Black grey; debitage, Black grey; debitage, Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination
Page 151 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B2 M B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 04/04/1975 01/08/1972 24/07/1975 13/07/1973 24/03/1975 20/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Black; flake, possible chipped hollow at distal edge Black; debitage Grey; debitage, some cortex Black; debitage Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination W. Ext Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.00 m N 3.20 m W
Page 152 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 14/03/1975 20/03/1975 20/03/1975 04/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, possible patination Grey; debitage, some cortex Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; flake Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; flake, some cortex Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage
Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W Co ords 1.60 m N 2.75 m W
Page 153 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 A B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
Trench
Notes
03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 03/04/1975 19/03/1975 18/03/1975 25/03/1975 22/07/1976 07/04/1975 20/03/1975 21/07/1978 14/03/1975 21/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Chert
Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Black grey; debitage Grey; flake, some cortex Grey; flake Grey; debitage Black; flake Black, flake , broken Grey; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black grey; debitage Co ords 3.00 m N 1.77 m W Co ords 7.30 m N 3.05 m W Co ords 5.0 m N 0.60 m W E. Ext
Page 154 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1790 00E109:1791 00E109:1792 00E109:1793 00E109:1794 00E109:1795 00E109:1796 00E109:1797 00E109:1798 00E109:1799 00E109:1800 00E109:1801 00E109:1802 00E109:1803
00E109:1804
00E109:1805
00E109:1806
00E109:1807
00E109:1808
00E109:1809
00E109:1810 00E109:1811 00E109:1812 00E109:1813 00E109:1814 00E109:1815 00E109:1816 00E109:1817 00E109:1818 00E109:1819 00E109:1820 00E109:1821
Find No
B2 P B2 P B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1
Trench
Notes
21/07/1978 14/03/1975 23/07/1973 21/07/1978
18/03/1975 18/03/1975 04/04/1975 14/03/1975 04/04/1975 03/04/1975 28/07/1972 24/03/1975 26/07/1972
19/07/1978
19/07/1978
19/07/1978
19/07/1978
19/07/1978
19/07/1978
19/07/1978 19/07/1978 19/07/1978 27/04/1973 25/04/1973 19/06/1974 26/07/1973 26/07/1973 26/07/1973 26/07/1973 26/07/1973
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert
Black; debitage Black grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Black; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex, some patination Grey; possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Black grey; possible end scraper Black grey; debitage Black; thumb scraper, some retouch visible on distal edge Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible grey/yellow slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible grey/yellow slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible grey/yellow slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible grey/yellow slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz and charcoal. Possible grey/yellow slip on exterior. Well fired grey sherd with crushed quartz inclusions, Black residue on exterior, possible incised decoration. Rounded profile Well fired grey sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Abraded. Well fired grey sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Abraded. Well fired grey sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Abraded. Grinding stone; broken Grinding stone Grinding stone; broken Flat stone Flat stone Flat stone Flat stone Flat stone Grinding stone Co ords 3.30 m N 5.20 m W Co ords 0.60-0.70 m N 0.40-0.50 m W Left of entrance Co ords 1.07 m N 1.16 m W Charcoal layer
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Pottery
Page 155 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1822 00E109:1823 00E109:1824 00E109:1825 00E109:1826 00E109:1827 00E109:1828 00E109:1829 00E109:1830 00E109:1831
00E109:1832
00E109:1833
00E109:1834
00E109:1835
00E109:1836
00E109:1837
00E109:1838
00E109:1839
00E109:1840
00E109:1841
00E109:1842
00E109:1843
00E109:1844
00E109:1845
00E109:1846
00E109:1847
00E109:1848
Find No
B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 P B1 B2 P B1 B1
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
Trench
Notes
00/00/1972 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 18/08/1972 00/00/1972 00/03/75
25/03/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
Qty
Saddle quern; broken Saddle quern; broken Saddle quern; broken Saddle quern; broken Hammerstone; broken Hammerstone; pecking Saddle quern; broken Hammerstone Hammerstone; pecking Rock mortar; possible Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Blackened on interior, possibly smoothed Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 156 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1849
00E109:1850
00E109:1851
00E109:1852
00E109:1853
00E109:1854
00E109:1855
00E109:1856
00E109:1857
00E109:1858
00E109:1859
00E109:1860
00E109:1861
00E109:1862
00E109:1863
00E109:1864
00E109:1865
00E109:1866
00E109:1867
00E109:1868
00E109:1869
00E109:1870
00E109:1871
00E109:1872
Find No
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
Trench
Notes
Date
Qty
Pottery
Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Possible grey slip on exterior. Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 157 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1873
00E109:1874
00E109:1875
00E109:1876
00E109:1877
00E109:1878
00E109:1879
00E109:1880 00E109:1881 00E109:1882 00E109:1883 00E109:1884 00E109:1885 00E109:1886 00E109:1887 00E109:1888 00E109:1889 00E109:1890 00E109:1891 00E109:1892 00E109:1893 00E109:1894 00E109:1895
00E109:1896
00E109:1897
00E109:1898
00E109:1899
00E109:1900
00E109:1901
Find No
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P
Trench
Notes
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Well fired black sherd with some crushed quartz. Grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with no obvious crushed quartz inclusions. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz. Degraded. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz. Degraded. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz. Degraded. Coarse ware sherd with some crushed quartz. Degraded. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions. Rounded profile Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 158 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1902
00E109:1903
00E109:1904 00E109:1905 00E109:1906 00E109:1907 00E109:1908 00E109:1909 00E109:1910 00E109:1911 00E109:1912 00E109:1913 00E109:1914 00E109:1915 00E109:1916 00E109:1917 00E109:1918 00E109:1919 00E109:1920 00E109:1921 00E109:1922 00E109:1923 00E109:1924 00E109:1925 00E109:1926 00E109:1927 00E109:1928 00E109:1929 Site C 00E109:1930 Site D
00E109:1931
00E109:1932
Find No
B2 P
B2 P
B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 N B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 P B2 P B1 B2 P B1 B1 B2 A B2 A B2 A 00/08/1978 24/07/1978 12/07/1978 20/07/1978 25/02/1978 06/07/1978 22/07/1976 22/07/1976 22/07/1976 21/07/1978 14/03/1975 20/03/1975 04/04/1975 20/03/1975 03/07/1973
C1
D1
D1
Trench
Notes
06/07/1973
11/07/1978
07/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Pottery
Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Well fired sherd with crushed quartz inclusions and possible grey on interior and exterior. Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Coarse ware sherd withblack fabric and crushed quartz. Degraded Grey, possible core rejuvenation flake Grey; flake Grey; core, some cortex Grey; flake Grey; flake, some cortex Grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, some patination Saddle quern Saddle quern Saddle quern Saddle quern Saddle quern Co ords 2.15 m N 2.16 m W Co ords 3.70 m S 3.20 m W Co ords 5.00 m N 2.20 m W
Pottery
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert
Black; flake, some retouch, possible thumb scraper blank Black; core Black; flake Grey; possible core Grey; blade, broken Grey; flake, broken, some cortex present Grey; flake, broken Grey; flake Black; flake Co ords 1.20 m S 2.50 m E Co ords 4.55 m S 1.26 m E Co ords 4.55 m S 1.26 m E Co ords 4.55 m S 1.26 m E Co ords 1.65 m S 0.40 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 19.60 m E Co ords 2.60 m S 0.40 m E
Hammerstone; possible rubber
Pottery
Coarseware; some crushed quartz inclusions, possible grey slip and smoothing on interior
Co ords 2.10 m S 20.60 m E
Rock crystal
Possible core
Co ords 1.95 m S 23.30 m E
Page 159 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1933
00E109:1934
00E109:1935 00E109:1936 00E109:1937 00E109:1938 00E109:1939 00E109:1940 00E109:1941
00E109:1942
00E109:1943
00E109:1944
00E109:1945
00E109:1946
00E109:1947
00E109:1948
00E109:1949
00E109:1950
00E109:1951
00E109:1952
00E109:1953
00E109:1954
00E109:1955
00E109:1956
Find No
D1
D1
D1 D1 D2 D1 D2 D D2
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
Trench
Notes
06/07/1978
06/07/1978 06/07/1978 00/00/1974 14/07/1978 00/00/1974 16/06/1982 29/05/1974
29/05/1974
29/05/1974
29/05/1974
29/05/1974
29/05/1974
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Rock crystal Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Pottery Pottery
Black; core
Core
Co ords 4.10 m S 25.70 m E
Grey; debitage Black; core (long blade production) Black; flake Grey; flake, heavy patination Black; flake, broken Black fabric with quartz inclusions Well fired black fabric with quartz inclusions, rounded sherd profile Grey fabric; possible exterior smoothed grey slip with obvious quartz pieces pressed around interior of neck. Rim sherd, outurned rounded rim profile, sherd rounded profile Well fired black fabric with quartz inclusions, rounded sherd profile, no obvious slips, some mineral soil still adhering Coarseware; grey fabric, possible grey slip on exterior with some pressed in quartz pieces. Simple rim sherd with rounded profile Well fired black fabric with crushed quartz, grey slip to exterior and interior, some quartz pieces pressed on exterior into slip?. Possible rim piece, rounded profile Well fired grey fabric with some crushed quartz inclusions, grey slip on exterior and interior, smoothed on exterior. Blackening around rim. Possible pinched decoration visible below rim (close to sherd break). Rim sherd, rounded profile. Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Smoothed exterior with some large quartz pieces visible (possible pressed into a slip). Rim sherd Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Smoothed exterior with some large quartz pieces visible (possible pressed into a slip). Rim sherd Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd with quartz inclusions. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd with quartz inclusions. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd with quartz inclusions. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Probable shoulder sherd with quartz inclusions. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions, notable that pot wall is thinner to the top of sherd, probable deliberate thinning above shoulder which also displays possible lug applied decoration. Exterior is smoothed, interior is partially smoothed, black residue noted on interior. Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on exterior, smoothed on exterior and interior. Black residue noted on interior. Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Smoothed interior and exterior, with possible black residue on exterior. Noticeable thinner pot wall above probable shoulder area, almost carinated. For parallel see 00E109:1953. Possible carinated bowl. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Smoothed interior and exterior, with possible black residue on exterior. Noticeable thinner pot wall above probable shoulder area, almost carinated. For parallel see 00E109:1953.
Co ords 0.15 m S 3.55 m E Co ords 0.20 m S 28.50 m E Co ords 1.94 m N 17.30 m W
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
Co ords 2.35 m S 23.00 m W
Pottery
From hearth area under wall Area D south
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Page 160 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1957
00E109:1958
00E109:1959
00E109:1960
00E109:1961
00E109:1962
00E109:1963
00E109:1964
00E109:1965
00E109:1966
00E109:1967
00E109:1968
Site E 00E109:1969 00E109:1970 00E109:1971 00E109:1972 00E109:1973 00E109:1974 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 13/07/1978 13/07/1978 21/05/1974 11/07/1978 18/07/1978 00/00/1974 1 1 1 1 1 1 Flint Flint Flint Flint Hammerstone; some end damage Hammerstone; some end damage Grey; flake, some cortex present Grey; debitage, heavy patination Banded grey; flake, scraper with distal retouch Grey; flake, some cortex present Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Partial blackening on exterior. Degraded rim sherd. Black; flake Co ords 2.15 m S 31.50 m E Co ords 6.20 m N 2.40 m W Co ords 2.05 m S 31.60 m E Co ords 0.01 m S 14.40 m E
00E109:1975
00E109:1976
00E109:1977
00E109:1978 00E109:1979 00E109:1980
Find No
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
E1
E1
E1
E1 E1 E1
Trench
Notes
27/06/1978
11/07/1978
07/07/1978
20/07/1978 22/06/1978 13/07/1978
Date
1 1 1
Qty
Possible carinated bowl. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Smoothed interior and interior. Noticeable thinner pot wall above probable shoulder. Some black residue noted on exterior. Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions, smoothed interior and exterior, noticeably blackened exterior Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Noticeably thinner pot wall above probable shoulder. Possible grey slip present with smoothing to interior and exterior. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Noticeably thinner pot wall above probable shoulder. Possible grey slip present with smoothing to interior and exterior. Part of partial reconstruction Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible slip present with smoothed interior. Blackened exterior, rounded sherd profile. Well fired grey fabric with quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip with some pressed quartz pieces on exterior. Degraded rim sherd, rounded profile Well fired black fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip on interior. Some stab decoration visible below rim. Degraded rim sherd Well fired black fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip with smoothed interior Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions. Possible grey slip with smoothed interior. Blackened exterior Well fired black fabric with quartz inclusions, possible grey slip with some quartz pieces pressed on exterior. Smoothed interior, some blackening noted on exterior Well fired black fabric with quartz inclusions, possible grey slip with some quartz pieces pressed on exterior. Smoothed interior, some blackening noted on exterior Well fired grey fabric with some crushed quartz inclusions. Interior smoothed. Possible rim sherd with thumb moulded rim decoration, scalloped rim?
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Co ords 2.80 m S 13.00 m E
Chert Rock crystal Flint Chert Flint
Co ords 14.03 m S 1.55 m E
Core
Co ords 13.90 m S 4.20 m E
Grey; core Black; core Grey; flake, some cortex present
Co ords 0.85 m S 1.10 m E Co ords 12.77 m S 14.30 m E Co ords 2.86 m S 32.50 m E
Page 161 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:1981 00E109:1982 00E109:1983 00E109:1984 00E109:1985 00E109:1986 00E109:1987 00E109:1988 00E109:1989 00E109:1990 00E109:1991
00E109:1992
00E109:1993 00E109:1994 00E109:1995 00E109:1996 00E109:1997 00E109:1998 00E109:1999 00E109:2000
00E109:2001
Site F 00E109:2002 F1 29/06/1978 1 Quartz White, probable scraper, edge damage Black, large flake, some retouch along one edge, broken concave notch, possible lateral scraper blank Hammerstone; possible edge damage Hammerstone; possible edge damage Chert Chert Flint Black; flake, possible hollow scraper blank Black; possible core Grey; flake Hammerstone; possible edge damage Black; possible rubber stone, heavily damaged, some areas of polish and definite facets visible. See 00E109:2001 Hammerstone; possible edge damage Rubber stone; broken Co ords 5.60 m S 6.05 m E Co ords 4.80 m S 1.20 m E
00E109:2003
00E109:2004 00E109:2005 00E109:2006 00E109:2007 00E109:2008 00E109:2009
00E109:2010
00E109:2011 00E109:2012
Find No
E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1
E1
E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1
E1
F4
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
F1
F1 F1
Trench
Notes
13/07/1978 21/07/1978 18/07/1978 11/07/1973 21/07/1978 26/03/1975 21/07/1978 13/07/1978 13/07/1978 24/07/1978 24/07/1978
07/07/1978
21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 27/07/1978 13/07/1978
17/07/1972
05/07/1976
05/07/1978 05/07/1978 24/07/1978 04/07/1978 30/06/1978 05/07/1978
03/07/1978
07/07/1978 05/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Qty
Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Rock crystal Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint
Grey; flake, some cortex present Grey; flake, broken Grey; flake Grey; debitage Black; flake, possible thumb scraper with concave notch Grey; blade, distal end broken Grey; debitage Grey; core, broken Grey; flake Grey; flake, weathered Grey; flake
Co ords 2.77 m S 32.80 m E
Flake
Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; debitage, some cortex Grey; core Grey; flake Grey; flake, some edge retouch, broken Grey; flake Black; possible rubber stone, heavily damaged, some areas of polish and definite facets visible Co ords 0.80 m S 16.65 m E Co ords 2.80 m S 0.23 m E
Chert
Chert
Co ords 4.80 m S 3.02 m E Co ords 12.70 m S 4.25 m E Co ords 7.60 m S 11.60 m E Co ords 14.90 m S 2.21 m E
Chert
Co ords 40.01 m S 4.67 m E
Page 162 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:2028
00E109:2029
00E109:2030 00E109:2031 00E109:2032 00E109:2033
00E109:2034
00E109:2035 00E109:2036 00E109:2037 00E109:2038 00E109:2039 00E109:2040 00E109:2041 00E109:2042 00E109:2043 00E109:2044
00E109:2045
Find No
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
F1
F1
F1 F1 F1 F1
F6
F6 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
F4
Trench
Notes
05/07/1978 05/07/1978 13/07/1978 29/06/1978
04/07/1978 24/07/1978 11/07/1978 05/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978
19/06/1978
05/07/1978
11/07/1978 07/07/1981 07/08/1978 30/06/1978
19/07/1976
05/08/1976 05/07/1978 07/07/1978 24/07/1978 27/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 03/07/1978 07/07/1978 29/06/1978
16/07/1976
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chert Chert Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Rock crystal Rock crystal Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Rubber stone Hammerstone; possible edge damage Beach cobble Grey; flake Hammerstone Hammerstone; possible edge damage Black; possible reduced core Black with some impurities; flake Grey; flake, possibly burnt Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; core Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; possible core rejuvenation flake
Co ords 5.48 m S 2.50 m E Co ords 0.80 m S 3.40 m E Co ords 10.10 m S 1.70 m E Co ords 14.30 m S 1.10 m E
Co ords 0.50 m S 12.65 m E
Core; heavy facets
Core; heavy facets
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; possible petit tranchet derirative arrowhead' broken at base Black; possible blade, broken Well fired grey fabric with crushed quartz inclusions, black residue on interior. Possible outurned rim piece, degraded Black; possible reduced core Grey; flake Black; flake Black; debitage Black; flake Grey; core, possible bi facial working Grey; flake, some cortex present White; flake, some retouch Black; debitage Black; flake Coarseware, thick grey fabric with green stone inclusions. Smoothed on interior. Rim sherd, rounded sherd profile Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.50 m S 4.90 m E Co ords 8.85 m S 4.85 m E Co ords 14.05 m S 4.30 m E Co ords 1.60 m S 3.45 m E Co ords 13.88 m S 3.00 m E SE Quad Co ords 4.00 m S 1.65 m E Hollow area beside upright stone Co ords 3.70 m S 6.60 m E SE Quad
Pottery
Chert Flint Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Quartz Chert Chert
Pottery
Page 163 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F8 F4 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
Trench
Notes
30/06/1978 04/07/1978 11/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 27/06/1978 11/07/1978 04/07/1978 23/07/1976 15/07/1976 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 27/06/1978 04/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black; core Black; core, water rolled Black; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage, patinated Grey; debitage, patinated Black; flake Black; flake Black; debitage Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; debitage Black; debitage
Co ords 10.20 m S 2.00 m E
Co ords 10.25 m S 18.00 m E
Co ords 0.35 m S 2.85 m E Co ords 1.20 m S 3.30 m E Co ords 3.35 m S 1.80 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E Co ords 12.70 m S 1.71 m E Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk)
Page 164 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert Chert
Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; debitage Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake
Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk) Co ords 6.00 m - 8.00 m E (baulk)
East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area East area
Page 165 of 179
Description
Material
Find No
Trench
Notes
05/07/1978 07/07/1978 29/06/1978 10/07/1978 29/06/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 30/07/1978 04/07/1978 05/07/1978 03/07/1978 03/07/1978 16/07/1976 24/07/1978 27/06/1978 11/07/1978 24/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 11/07/1978 11/07/1978
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Qty
Chert Quartz Chert Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Chert Chert Chert Chert Flint Flint Chert Chert Flint Chert Quartz Quartz Chert Chert Chert
Black; flake White; flake Black; flake Grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; flake Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; debitage Grey; flake Black; flake Black; flake, possible core rejuvenation flake Black; flake Black; flake Grey; debitage Grey; flake, with cortex present Black; flake Black; core Grey; flake, some cortex present, some patination Black; flake White; flake, possible scraper White; flake Black banded; flake Black; flake Black; flake
East area SE Quad Co ords 0.50 m S 2.40 m E Co ords 6.30 m 4.35 m E Co ords 7.50 m S 1.30 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 3.00 m S 3.00 m E Co ords 4.85 m S 3.64 m E Co ords 14.20 m S 3.62 m E Co ords 3.49 m S 4.80 m E Co ords 13.90 m S 3.95 m E Co ords 11.90 m S 4.50 m E Co ords 3.77 m S 1.27 m E Co ords 1.90 m S 2.55 m E Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E
Page 166 of 179
Description
Material
00E109:2148 00E109:2149 00E109:2150 00E109:2151 00E109:2152 00E109:2153 00E109:2154 00E109:2155 00E109:2156 00E109:2157 Site MM 00E109:2158 00E109:2159 00E109:2160
00E109:2161
Find No
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
Unlisted Unlisted Unlisted
Unlisted
Trench
Notes
11/07/1978 24/07/1978 11/07/1978 27/06/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 05/07/1978 00/00/1978 00/00/1978
04/05/1980 04/05/1980 04/05/1980
00/00/1980
Date
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
Qty
Chert Chert Chert Flint Quartz Quartz Quartz Quartz Chert Chert
Black; flake Black; flake Black; flake Grey; flake White; flake White; flake White; flake White; flake Black; core Black; flake Co ords 10.20 m S 18.00 m E
Pottery Pottery Pottery
Coarseware; friable black fabric, no inclusions Coarseware; friable black fabric, no inclusions Coarseware; friable black fabric, no inclusions White; barbed and tanged arrowhead, plano convex profile, small size, pressure flaking along edges
Flint
Page 167 of 179
Appendix Five: Sample Register

Nb. Many samples are not assigned to context numbers as the necessary spatial attributions, based on the site coordinate systems, have not yet been undertaken.
Sample Site A E109:S001 E109:S002 E109:S003 E109:S004 E109:S005 E109:S006 E109:S007 E109:S008 E109:S009 E109:S010 E109:S011 E109:S012 E109:S013 E109:S014 E109:S015 E109:S016 E109:S017 E109:S018 E109:S019 E109:S020 E109:S021 E109:S022 E109:S023 E109:S024
Trench
Date
Qty
Material
Description
A3 A1 A2 A3 A2 A1 A1 A2 A2 A3 A3 A2 A1 A3 A3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A3 A3
19/04/1973 00/00/1981 03/04/1973 16/04/1973
1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Pottery Pottery Pottery Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Pottery
Brown soil in area of chert scraper Charcoal deposit adhering to quern stone Charcoal deposit Charcoal sample near flint artefact Charcoal from stone based post hole Charcoal sample from bog material near pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Charcoal sample from between paved areas Charcoal spread from hollow area south of stone lined pit Charcoal sample from posthole Degraded pottery Soil sample from fill of stone lined pit
25/04/1972 23/08/1972 23/08/1972 02/08/1972 24/07/1972 18/07/1972 13/07/1972 28/08/1972 18/07/1972 18/07/1972 22/08/1972 22/08/1972 18/07/1972 25/08/1972 23/08/1972 24/08/1972 24/07/1972 20/07/1972 21/07/1972
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Pottery Pottery Charcoal Charcoal Pottery Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal from east of stone paving Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Charcoal from stone slabbed pit Charcoal sample from shallow area near pit Degraded pottery Charcoal from possible posthole Charcoal sample immediately underlying brown habitation soil Charcoal sample from west area Charcoal sample
Page 168 of 179
Sample E109:S025 E109:S026 E109:S027 E109:S028 E109:S029 E109:S030 E109:S031 E109:S032 E109:S033 E109:S034 E109:S035 E109:S036 E109:S037 E109:S038 E109:S039 E109:S040 E109:S041 E109:S042 E109:S043 E109:S044 E109:S045 E109:S046 E109:S047 E109:S048 E109:S049 E109:S050 E109:S051 E109:S052 E109:S053 E109:S054 E109:S055
Trench A3 A3 A1 A3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
Date 24/05/1974
Qty 1 1 1
Material Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Description Charcoal above pottery level Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Soil sample from brown habitation soil
11/07/1972 22/08/1972 27/06/1974 22/08/1972 24/07/1981 00/00/1981 26/06/1974 28/05/1982 00/00/1981 25/06/1974 00/00/1981 25/06/1974 24/08/1981
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Charcoal Charcoal Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Charcoal Shell Charcoal Charcoal Pottery Charcoal Pottery
Degraded pottery from east of pit Possible relict sod sample under enclosure bank Degraded pottery from east of pit Charcoal sample Black habitation layer over pit Charcoal spread over A (NORTH) Charcoal spread containing large pieces Soil sample Charcoal pieces Hazel nut sheel from possible post hole Yellow organic material sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample associated with pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery
05/04/1973 29/07/1981 30/07/1981 14/07/1981 28/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 24/07/1981 30/07/1981 24/07/1981 27/07/1981 28/07/1981 30/07/1981 27/07/1981
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 169 of 179
Date 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 30/07/1981 29/07/1981 24/07/1981 23/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 27/07/1981 30/07/1981 14/07/1981 13/07/1981 14/07/1981 14/07/1981 27/07/1981 28/07/1981 30/07/1981 28/07/1981 27/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 31/07/1981 27/07/1981 23/07/1981 29/07/1981 10/04/1981 10/04/1981 10/04/1981 09/07/1973
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degarded pottery Degraded pottery
Description
Page 170 of 179
Date 09/04/1973 05/04/1973 05/04/1973 12/07/1978 12/07/1978 00/00/1972 00/00/1974 00/00/1972 00/00/1972 26/05/1982 01/06/1982 13/07/1972 00/00/1982 31/05/1982 31/05/1982 28/03/1982 28/05/1982 28/05/1982 01/06/1982 01/06/1982 25/06/1974 25/06/1974 28/05/1982 26/05/1982 00/00/1982 00/00/1982 11/07/1978 24/05/1974 27/05/1982 20/05/1982 31/05/1982
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Horn Horn Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery
Description
Degraded pottery (base degraded in situ) Horn with some burnt areas Horn with some burnt areas Burnt residues (possibly seeds)
Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery
Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery
Page 171 of 179
Sample E109:S118 E109:S119 E109:S120 E109:S121 E109:S122 E109:S123 E109:S124 E109:S125 E109:S126 E109:S127 E109:S128 E109:S129 E109:S130 Site B E109: S131 E109: S132 E109: S133 E109: S134 E109: S135 E109: S136 E109: S137 E109: S138 E109: S139 E109: S140 E109: S141 E109: S142 E109: S143 E109: S144 E109: S145 E109: S146 E109: S147
Trench A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A3 A1 A3 A1 A1
Date 25/05/1982 28/05/1982 31/05/1982 31/05/1982 00/001982 22/08/1972
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Pottery Charcoal Charcoal Pottery Shell Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Degraded pottery Charcoal sample Charcoal spread Degraded pottery Hazel nut shells
Description
14/07/1972 19/07/1972 06/07/1972 14/07/1972 23/08/1972
1 1 1 1 1 1
B1 B2 T B1 B2 T B1 B1 B1 B2 T B2 T B1 B2 P B1 B2 P B1 B1 B1 B1
27/06/1974 00/00/1974 25/06/1974 26/06/1974 25/06/1974 07/05/1974 25/06/1974 26/06/1974 25/06/1974 25/06/1974 25/06/1974 26/04/1973 25/06/1974 10/04/1973 20/06/1974 20/06/1974 26/06/1974
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Soil sample between central slab and red underslab Charcoal sample from spread Charcoal sample from area of hollow based arrowhead Charcoal sample from spread inc. hazelnut nut Charcoal from base of circular trench Soil sample from bottom of slab covered pit Soil sample from outside circle (trench?) Charcoal sample from under baulk Charcoal sample from hearth Soil sample from top of trench Soil sample from depression Soil sample from pit underneath slab A Soil sample from area of pottery find Soil sample from south of sill stone - entrance Charcoal sample from between ridge and furrow Charcoal sample from between ridge and furrow Charcoal sample from base of outer trench - enclosure
Page 172 of 179
Sample E109: S148 E109: S149 E109: S150 E109: S151 E109: S152 E109: S153 E109: S154 E109: S155 E109: S156 E109: S157 E109: S158 E109: S159 E109: S160 E109: S161 E109: S162 E109: S163 E109: S164 E109: S165 E109: S166 E109: S167 E109: S168 E109: S169 E109: S170 E109: S171 E109: S172 E109: S173 E109: S174 E109: S175 E109: S176 E109: S177 E109: S178
Trench B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 A B1 B1
Date
Qty 1
Material
Description Soil sample from outside circle (trench?)
25/07/1973 12/04/1973 26/04/1973 18/04/1973 09/07/1973 06/07/1973 26/04/1973 10/04/1973 16/04/1973 06/07/1973
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from interior of enclosure Charcoal sample Charcoal sample under flat slab A Soil sample from pit near entrance Soil sample from post hole Soil sample from pit Soil sample from pit underneath slab A
Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal sample Soil sample from central pit Soil sample from base of post hole Soil sample from plough mark (9) Soil sample from plough mark (11) Soil sample from plough mark (10) Soil sample from plough mark (1) Soil sample from plough mark (2) Soil sample from plough mark (8) Soil sample from plough mark (4) Soil sample from plough mark ( ) Soil sample from posthole inc some degraded pottery
29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/09/1981 29/09/1981 29/09/1981 29/09/1981 09/07/1973 17/07/1973 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Charcoal
Charcoal sample Soil sample from plough mark (6) Soil sample from plough mark (15) Soil sample from plough mark (16) Soil sample from plough mark (13) Soil sample from plough mark (17) Soil sample from plough mark ( ) Soil sample from plough mark (9) Soil sample from plough mark (3) Soil sample from plough mark (7)
Page 173 of 179
Sample E109: S179 E109: S180 E109: S181 E109: S182 E109: S183 E109: S184 E109: S185 E109: S186 E109: S187 E109: S188 E109: S189 E109: S190 E109: S191 E109: S192 E109: S193 E109: S194 E109: S195 E109: S196 E109: S197 E109: S198 E109: S199 E109: S200 E109: S201 E109: S202 E109: S203 E109: S204 E109: S205 E109: S206 E109: S207 E109: S208
Trench
Date 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981
Qty 1 1 1 1 1
Material
Description Soil sample from plough mark (8) Soil sample from plough mark (6) Soil sample from plough mark (5) Soil sample from plough mark (2) Soil sample - possible mineral soil Soil sample from inner trench - enclosure Soil sample from area of heat shattered stone, possible post
B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 O B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 C B1 B1 B1
27/07/1973
1 1
19/07/1973 26/07/1973 09/07/1973 03/07/1973
1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal
Charcoal sample from lowest level of EW baulk Soil sample from posthole/pit Soil sample from posthole/pit inc. possible hammerstone and pieces of flint Soil sample from fill of pit at corner of hearth stone Soil sample from outside circle (trench?)
22/05/1974 17/07/1973 27/07/1974 12/04/1973
1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal
Charcoal sample Soil samples from possible stakeholes
Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from inside trench - enclosure Charcoal sample from area of large quernstone Soil sample from under slab A
17/04/1973 11/04/1973 03/07/1973 17/04/1973 19/04/1973 11/04/1973 17/04/1973 13/04/1973 17/04/1973 18/04/1973 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal
Charcoal sample from stony area Soil sample from posthole Black organic material from pit under slab A
Charcoal area from outside stony area Charcoal sample from pit under flat stones Charcoal sample from wall trench containing quernstone Soil sample from possible posthole in area of ploughmarks
Charcoal
Charcoal sample Soil sample from posthole in entrance to enclosure
Charcoal
Charcoal sample from under small stones around sill stone Soil sample from plough mark (9) Soil sample from plough mark (3) Soil sample from plough mark (12)
Page 174 of 179
Trench
Date 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981 29/07/1981
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material
Description Soil sample from plough mark (12) Soil sample from plough mark (5) Soil sample from plough mark (14) Soil sample from plough mark ( )
B1
12/07/1973 03/04/1973
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal found in topsoil of ridge and furrows Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample from packing trench Soil sample from posthole left of entrance
B1 B1 B2 A B1 B1 B1 B2 I B2 T B2 P B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 T B1 B1 B1
26/04/1973 26/07/1973 03/05/1973 17/04/1973 20/04/1973 18/04/1973 19/04/1973 25/06/1974 25/06/1974
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from brown habitation layer associated with small flint scraper Charcoal sample from under small stones around sill stone Charcoal sample from edge of ridges Charcoal sample Soil sample from pit below stone slab
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample Charcoal sample from foundation trench Charcoal sample from foundation trench Charcoal sample Charcoal sample beside bank Organic sample from pit under slab A Soil sample from pit inc. flint debitage
19/04/1973 19/04/1973
1 1 1
11/08/1972 26/04/1973 19/04/1973 19/04/1973 19/04/1973 17/04/1973 18/08/1974 00/00/1978 00/00/0000 17/08/1972 17/08/1972
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal
Charcoal sample sealed by yellow organic layer immediately left of enclosure entrance Soil sample from pit/posthole
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from area of stone walling Charcoal sample from amongst stones Charcoal sample Charcoal sample of burnt timbers? Charcoal sample from baulk Charcoal sample from wall trench
Page 175 of 179
Trench B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 A B1 B1 B2 T B2 T B1 B1 B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 P B2 T B2 T B2 P
Date 25/06/1974 06/07/1973 00/00/0000 17/08/1972 17/08/1972 02/08/1972 17/04/1973 06/07/1973 26/04/1973 29/07/1972 17/08/1972 28/07/1972 12/04/1973 14/08/1972 16/04/1973 03/04/1973 17/08/1972 07/08/1978 14/07/1978 08/08/1978 31/07/1978 20/07/1978 24/07/1978 00/00/0000 24/06/1974 00/00/0000 24/03/1975 18/06/1974 08/08/1978 25/06/1974
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material
Description Soil sample from exterior of enclosure Soil sample from pit/posthole
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Wood
Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal sample Charcoal sample from left of entrance Charcoal sample under stone setting east of central flag Charcoal sample from below entrance flagging Charcoal sample from area of burnt wood Charcoal sample from amongst stones Charcoal sample from dark soil layer overlying brown (habitation?) layer Wood sample from stakehole Sample of flint and burnt wood
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample Charcoal sample from wall trench Charcoal sample from posthole Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charred hazelnut shells Charred hazelnut shells Charred hazelnut shells Charred hazelnut shells Charred nut
Charcoal
Charcoal sample from charcoal rich soil, trench containing pottery
Page 176 of 179
Sample E109: S269
Trench B2 P
Date 25/06/1974
Qty 1
Material Charcoal
Description Charcoal sample from charcoal rich soil, trench containing pottery Charcoal sample from charcoal spread containing some charred hazelnut Charcoal sample Burnt wood (oak) and soil from trench at entrance Charcoal sample from charcoal spread Soil sample from hearth Soil sample from wall trench Soil sample from relict sod line north of wall
E109: S270 E109: S271 E109: S272 E109: S273 E109: S274 E109: S275 E109: S276 E109: S277 E109: S278 E109: S279 E109: S280 E109: S281 E109: S282 Site C E109: S283 E109: S284 E109: S285 E109: S286 E109: S287 E109: S288 E109: S289 E109: S290 E109: S291 E109: S292 E109: S293 E109: S294 E109: S295 E109: S296 E109: S297
B2 T B2 T B1 B1 B2 A B1 B1 B2 P B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 T
02/06/1974 00/00/0000 26/04/1973 00/00/0000 09/04/1975 17/07/0000 00/00/1974 04/04/1975 18/07/1973 28/07/1973 27/06/1974 27/07/1972 00/00/0000
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample Charcoal sample from bog Charcoal sample Wood sample of scrub growing over wall?
Charcoal
Charcoal overlying grass matting on entrance paving Matting
C3 C1 C3 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1
16/06/1981 13/04/1973 26/06/1981 16/06/1981 02/07/1981 00/00/0000 00/00/0000 00/00/0000 24/05/1981 25/05/1981 00/00/0000 00/00/0000 00/00/0000 00/00/0000 00/00/0000
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Wooden sample from stake (No. 3) Wooden sample from stake (EXTENSION OF WALL) Wooden sample from stake Wooden sample from stake (EXTENSION OF WALL stake No. 2) Wooden sample from stake Wooden stake Wooden stake Wooden sample from stake from edge of trench Wooden sample from stake (No. 13) Wooden sample from stake (No. 15) from mineral soil Wooden post axe trimmed Wooden post (see E109:S293) Wooden post (No. 7) Wooden post (after wall on bog) Wooden post - split Page 177 of 179
Sample E109: S298 Site E E109:S299 E109:S300 E109:S301 E109:S302 E109:S303 E109:S304 E109:S305 E109:S306 E109:S307 Site F E109:S308 E109:S309 E109:S310 E109:S311 E109:S312 E109:S313 E109:S314 Site G E109:S315 E109:S316 E109:S317 E109:S318
Trench C2
Date 00/00/0000
Qty 1
Material Wooden post (No. 5)
Description
E1 E3 E3 E3 E3 E3 E1 E3 E1
17/07/1973 07/07/1976 07/06/1975 07/06/1975 07/06/1975 07/06/1975 09/06/1975 07/06/1975 08/07/1978
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample from hearth Charcoal sample Charcoal and seed sample Charcoal sample underlying bog Charcoal sample from charcoal spread Charcoal sample from charcoal spread Charcoal sample from charcoal spread inc. degraded pottery Charcoal sample underlying bog Charcoal sample
F6 F6 F11 F4 F4 F7 F4
04/08/1976 20/07/1976 00/00/0000 12/07/1976 15/07/1976 26/07/1976 15/07/1976
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Pottery
Charcoal sample from localised hollow Charcoal sample inc. degraded pot Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample associated with pottery Charcoal sample Degraded pottery (coarseware with green stone inclusions)
G G G G
04/08/1978 04/08/1978 04/08/1978 04/08/1978
1 1 1 1
Disturbed matting Disturbed matting Disturbed matting Disturbed matting
E109:S319 E109:S320 E109:S321 E109:S322 E109:S323 E109:S324
B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P
24/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975
1 1 1 1 1 1
Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal
Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Charcoal sample (possible degraded pot) Page 178 of 179
Sample E109:S325 E109:S326 E109:S327 E109:S328 E109:S329 E109:S330 E109:S331 E109:S332 E109:S333 E109:S334 E109:S335 E109:S336 E109:S337 E109:S338 E109:S339 E109:S340 E109:S341
Trench B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2P B2T B2T B2T B2T B2T B2T B2T
Date 18/03/1975 20/03/1975 26/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975 25/03/1975 24/03/1975 00/00/1975 00/00/1975 24/03/1975 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978 21/07/1978
Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Material Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Charcoal sample Matting Matting Matting Matting Matting Matting Matting
Description
Page 179 of 179

Belderg Beg

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Belderg Beg

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Archaeological Excavations at

Belderg Beg (E109)

1.2 Background and Methodology

2 Site Location & Description

2.2 Description of site

The Entrance to the structure

Features within the central area of the structure

Cultivation Ridges in Tillage Plot 1

Cultivation Ridges in Tillage Plot 2

Cultivation Ridges in Plot 3

3.2 Overview of Artefacts

3.3 Samples and Palaeoenvironmental evidence

SI - 1471 SI- 1472 SI - 1473 SI - 1474 SI - 1475 GU-11268 GU-11269

Table X: Radiocarbon dates from Belderg Beg

3220 3210 3170 2295 2905 2450 2730

4.2 The Site in Context

Figure 1 location map of key sites in NBNM project

Figure 3: Aerial overview of the cuttings at Belderg Beg looking East

Figure 5: 2009 composite plan of Belderg Beg roundhouse.

Figure 6: vertical photograph of roundhouse structures at Belderg Beg

Figure 7: Foundation trench of the Belderg Beg roundhouse

Figure 8 View of cultivation ridges facing north at Belderg Beg

Figure 9: Overview of the cultivation ridges at Belderg Beg

C 001 C 002 C 003

C 004 C 005 C 006 C 007 C 008 C 009 C 010

C 016 C 017 C 018

C 019 C 020 C 021

Area A Area A Area A

Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A

Area A Area A Area A

Area A Area A Area A

Cut of Pit Charcoal fill of pit Stone slabs overlying pit

C 022 C 023 C 024 C 025 C 026 C 027 C 028 C 029

C 045 C 046 C 047 C 048 C 049

Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A

Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A

Trench Pit Fill

Soil Sample Soil Sample Charcoal Spread Charcoal Sample

Brown Habitation layer South West Corner of A2

C 050 C 051 C 052 C 101

C 111 C 112 C 113 C 114 C 115 C 116

Area A Area A Area A Area B

Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B Area B

Stone Charcoal Spread Internal Stones Kerb

Stone and earth bank External Stones Kerb

Fill of Posthole c118 Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole

Between 0.1m and 0.15m in width 0.3m deep Packing material.

Fill of Curvilinear Feature c116

Cut of Posthole Cut of Posthole

Fill of Posthole c140 Cut of Posthole

It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.18m No information recorded.

Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole

Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole

Fill of Posthole c154 Cut of Posthole

It is circular in plan with a diameter of 0.26m. No information recorded.

C 169 C 170 C 171 C 172

C 174 C 175 C 176

Area B Area B Area B Area B

Area B Area B Area B

Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole

Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole

Fill of Posthole Cut of Posthole Fill of Posthole Cut of Pit

Cut of Pit Fill of Pit Cut of Pit

Fill of Pit c176 Cut of Pit