BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Assignment 1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What are the factors affecting the air-standard efficiency of Diesel cycle? Define Intensive and Extensive properties with examples. Write the similarities and difference between heat and work. State First law of thermodynamics and show that energy is a property of the system. What is the significance of Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics? A Carnot cycle works between the two temperatures 327C and 27C. Find out the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Also find the heat supplied during the heat addition process, if the net work done is 120KJ. [Efficiency = 50%, Heat supplied = 240KJ] 7. A theoretical engine works on Carnot cycle. At the beginning of isothermal expansion, the pressure, temperature and volume of air are 2MPa, 300C, and 0.03m3respectively. The ratio of isentropic compression is 5 and isothermal expansion is 2. Find out (i) pressure and temperature of air at each salient point in the cycle. (ii) efficiency of the cycle (iii) work done per cycle (iv) mean effective pressure. Take = 1.4. [P2= 1MPa, T2=573K, P3=0.10506MPa, T3=301K, P4=0.2101, T4=301K, Efficiency = 47.58%, WD = 19.79KJ, mep = 0.0733MPa.] 8. An engine working on Otto cycle has a compression ratio 6. Find the air standard efficiency of the engine. Take = 1.4. What is the percentage change in efficiency, if the compression ratio is reduced to 5. [Efficiency = 51.6%, % change = 7.21%] 9. The bore and stroke of the cylinder of an engine working on Otto cycle are 125mm and 250mm respectively. The clearance volume of the engine cylinder is 0.9 litres. Find the theoretical efficiency of the engine. Take = 1.4. [Efficiency = 44.71%] 10. The pressure ratio between the end and beginning of compression in an engine working on Otto cycle is 14. Calculate the air standard efficiency of the engine. Take = 1.4. [Efficiency = 52.95%] 11. An engine working on Otto cycle takes in air at a pressure and temperature of 100Kpa and 300K. Find out the air standard efficiency of the engine if the clearance volume of the engine is 16% of the cylinder volume. Also find the maximum pressure of the cycle, if the maximum temperature is limited to 600C. [Efficiency = 51.95%, P3 = 1818.79KPa.] 12. An engine having a swept volume of 0.065m3 operates on Otto cycle. The condition of air at the beginning of compression are 100KPa and 57C. The compression ratio of the engine is 6 and the heat supplied per cycle is 75KJ. Find out the values of pressure,

Page

Page

volume and temperature at salient points. Also calculate the work done, thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure of the cycle. [P2=1228.6KPa, T2=675.74K, V2=0.013m3, T3=1944.08K, P3=3534.64KPa, P4=287.68KPa, T4=949.41K, WD=38.373KJ, Efficiency = 51.16%, mep = 590.35KPa.] 13. The minimum pressure and temperature in an Otto cycle are 100KPa and 300K. The compression ratio is 5 and the peak pressure is 2.1MPa. Find out i) Heat supplied/kg of air ii) Heat rejected/kg of air iii) Work done/kg of air iv) Theoretical thermal efficiency v) Mean effective pressure. Take Cp = 1.005kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.718kJ/kgK. [Qs = 494.23kJ/kg, Qr = 259.8kJ/kg, WD = 234.43kJ/kg, Efficiency = 47.44%, mep = 377.18kPa.] 14. The compression ratio of an engine working on Diesel cycle is 16. Cut off takes place at 6% of the stroke. Find the air standard efficiency of the cycle. Take = 1.4. [Efficiency = 61.88%] 15. The bore and stroke of an engine working on Diesel cycle is 200mm and 300mm respectively. The clearance volume of the engine is 0.8 litres and cut off takes place at 5% of the stroke. Assuming = 1.4, find the air standard efficiency of the cycle. [Efficiency = 60.07%] 16. The pressure and temperature of air at the beginning of compression stroke in a diesel engine is 100KPa and 17C respectively. The compression ratio of the engine is 15. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is limited to 2300C, find the required cut off ratio and the achievable air standard efficiency. Take = 1.4. [ = 3, = 55.81%] 17. The pressure and temperature at the end of suction stroke in a four stroke diesel engine is 101KPa and 30C. The engine piston diameter is 225mm, the stroke length is 375mm and the clearance volume is 1000cc. Fuel is injected during the first 1/12 th of the expansion stroke. Find the ideal heat supply, heat rejection, work done per cycle and thermal efficiency of the cycle. Assume air properties throughout the cycle. [Qs = 20.66KJ, Qr = 8.13KJ, WD = 12.53KJ, = 60.13%] Hint: In a four stroke engine, the state of air at the end of suction is that at the beginning of compression. Also, fuel is injected for 1/12 of the expansion stroke means, cut off is at 1/12 of stroke volume. 18. A diesel engine admits 0.015 kg of air per cycle at a temperature and pressure of 27C and 1.01 bar. The engine compression ratio is 16 and the heat added per cycle is 18KJ. For the ideal cycle, calculate i) cut off ratio ii) heat rejected/cycle iii) work done per cycle iv) thermal efficiency and v) mean effective pressure. Take Cp = 1.005kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.718 kJ/kgJ. [ = 2.313, Qr = 7.22kJ, WD = 10.78kJ, =60%, mep = 899.25kPa.]