PROBLEM 5.

134
KNOWN: Support rod spanning a channel whose walls are maintained at Tb = 300 K. Suddenly the rod is exposed to cross flow of hot gases with T = 600 K and h = 75 W/m2K. After the rod reaches steadystate conditions, the hot gas flow is terminated and the rod cools by free convection and radiation exchange with surroundings. FIND: (a) Compute and plot the midspan temperature as a function of elapsed heating time; compare the steady-state temperature distribution with results from an analytical model of the rod and (b) Compute the midspan temperature as a function of elapsed cooling time and determine the time required for the rod to reach the safe-to-touch temperature of 315 K. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional, transient conduction in rod, (2) Constant properties, (3) During heating process, uniform convection coefficient over rod, (4) During cooling process, free convection coefficient is of the form h = CTn where C = 4.4 W/m2K1.188 and n = 0.188, and (5) During cooling process, surroundings are large with respect to the rod. ANALYSIS: (a) The finite-difference equations for the 10-node mesh shown above can be obtained using the IHT Finite-Difference Equation, One-Dimensional, Transient Extended Surfaces Tool. The temperature-time history for the midspan position T10 is shown in the plot below. The steady-state temperature distribution for the rod can be determined from Eq. 3.80, Case B, Table 3.4. This case is treated in the IHT Extended Surfaces Model, Temperature Distribution and Heat Rate, Rectangular Pin Fin, for the adiabatic tip condition. The following table compares the steady-state temperature distributions for the numerical and analytical methods. Method Analytical Numerical 0 300 300 10 386.1 386.0 Temperatures (K) vs. Position x (mm) 20 30 40 443.4 479.5 499.4 443.2 479.3 499.2

50 505.8 505.6

The comparison is excellent indicating that the nodal mesh is sufficiently fine to obtain precise results.
600

Midspan temperature, T10 (K)

500

400

300 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Elapsed heating time, t (s)

Continued...

PROBLEM 5.134 (Cont.)

(b) The same finite-difference approach can be used to model the cooling process. In using the IHT tool, the following procedure was used: (1) Set up the FDEs with the convection coefficient expressed as hm = hfc,m + hr,m, the sum of the free convection and linearized radiation coefficients based upon nodal temperature Tm.

p h fc,m = C Tm T

p 2 p 2 h r,m = Tm + Tsur Tm + Tsur

(2) For the initial solve, set hfc,m = hr,m = 5 W/m2K and solve, (3) Using the solved results as the Initial Guesses for the next solve, allow hfc,m and hr,m to be unknowns. The temperature-time history for the midspan during the cooling process is shown in the plot below. The time to reach the safe-to-touch p temperature, T10 = 315 K , is t = 550 s
600

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Midspan temperature, T10 (K)

500

400

300 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Elapsed cooling time, t (s)