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Income from Capital Gain

Definition of Capital Asset

Mainly Capital asset means all tangible property which cannot easily be converted into cash and which is usually held for a long period, including real estate, equipment, etc. Another word we can say, Capital asset means an item that we own for investment or personal purposes, such as stocks, bonds, or stamp collections. The sale of a capital asset produces a capital gain or a capital loss. Assets we use in our business and inventory are not capital assets.

Conditions Need To Fulfill To Be Taxable System

Under the section 31 of company act, 1994 a capital gain needs to fulfill the following conditions to be taxable system: It will arise from sale or transfer of capital asset. Title of the property must be transferred to the purchaser. It will be taxable in the year of transfer unless it has been re-invested in approved fields. Capital loan, if any, be eligible for treatment under section 40 of company act, 1994 as set off and carry forward or losses.

System of tax-exempted transfer for capital assets

Under section 2(66) of I.T. Ordinance, 1984 provides that transfer in relation to capital assets includes the sale, exchange or relinquishment of assets or the extinguishments of any right therein, but does not include: Any transfer of the capital asset under a gift, bequest, will or an irrevocable trust; Any distribution of the assets of a company to its share holders on its liquidation; and Any distribution of capital assets on the dissolution of a firm or other association of persons or on the partition of a Hindu Undivided Family. Further, it has also be provided through amendment that transfer of holding companys assets to subsidiary company will also be exempted from charging capital gains subject to the following: Total share capital of subsidiary company shall remain under the control of holding company. The subsidiary company will be situated in taxable territory (i.e. Bangladesh); and

46 The subsidiary will be registered under Companies Act, 1994 of Bangladesh.

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Computation of Capital Gains

The income under the head Capital gains shall be computed after making the following deductions from the full value of the consideration received or accruing from the transfer of the capital asset or the fair market value there of, which ever is higher namely; a) Any expenditure incurred solely in connection with the transfer of the capital asset. b) The cost of acquisition of the capital asset and any capital expenditure incurred for any improvements thereto but excluding any expenditure in respect of which any allowance is admissible under any provisions of section 23 (deductions from interest on securities, sec 29 (deduction from income arising from business or profession) and sec 34 (deduction from income of other sources). In this connection cost of acquisition means; Where it was acquired by the assesses by the purchase, the actual cost of acquisition and Where it became property by succession, inheritance, bequest, gift, irrevocable trust, dissolution of company or firm, the actual cost of acquisition to the previous owner of the capital asset as reduced by the amount of depreciation. In this connection it is to be noted that, if in the opinion of D. C. T, transfer price has been shown less than market value than we can take following sections. If price shown seems to be at least 15% less than market value, we with the permission of inspecting join commissioner of taxes computed fair market value. If price seems to be less at least 25%, we can arrange purchase of the capital by the government.

Tax Rate & Capital Loss.

Tax Rate: Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by the government and tax rate means a
fixed amount of money or tax that is charged by government and paid by people for some factors such as earning, purchase, sales, salary etc. Mainly, which rate is imposed on specific purpose by tax by government is called tax rate. When government selected the tax rate then government able to measure or calculate the revenue and it is a large source of income of government. When income is high, the tax rate is high, government are levied according to the ability of the individual to pay which is one of the feature of good tax rate system.

Capital loss: If capital loss arises such loss will be set-off and carry forward as per
sec 40 of the I.T. Ordinance 1984. In such a case if losses arise in this head in an income year it can be set off against income of other capital profit head. If there is no other head it can be carry forward for next year/years to set off. But if losses are not more than tk.5000 it can not be carry forwarded and if it exceeds tk.5000, the excess amount is eligible for carry forward.

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Conditions to Tax exemption on re-investment of capital gain

Section 32 (5) provides some exemption from capital gain if the sum is reinvested. Following are the heads and condition for some exemptions: For assets used in business and profession; Sale proceeds of capital assets of business or profession will be exempted from capital gain tax if : i. It is used to pay value of assets purchased on credit 1 year before such sale; ii. It is kept for purchase of new assets after 1 year and in this regard assesses applies to the tax authority for such exemption. In this case following provisions will be applicable: a) If capital profit exceeds the value of new assets: Excess of capital profit over the value of new asset will be taxable, No depreciation will be allowed on new asset and at the time of sale of the asset in future value of sale and W.D.V. will be treated as nil for the computation of capital profit. b) If capital profit becomes equal or less than value of new asset; No tax will be charged on capital profit, No depreciation will be allowed on new asset and at the time of sale of this asset in future value of sale and W.D.V. will be treated as nil for the purpose of computing capital profit. For house property: sale proceeds of house property and building used for residential purpose at least for two years will be exempted from capital profit tax if : a) it is used for purchase of house property one year before and after the sale, b) it is used for purchase of capital asset of industrial enterprise, contraction of new house, purchase fof apartment, purchase of share and securities registered in stock exchange, purchase of investment bond issued by the government, within two years. In such a case application shall have to be made to tax authority for exemption. For securities, stock and share: Where a capital gain arises from the transfer of the capital asset being government securities and share of public company and stock which fulfill the conditions laid down in paragraph 8 of part B of the sixth schedule, than no tax shall be charged under section 31 if the sale proceeds are reinvested within a period of two year in the acquisition of similar securities, stocks and share. Capital gain used for investment in new industrial enterprises: A capital gain arising from the transfer of a capital asset which, within in a period of two years immediately following the date on which the transfer took place, is invest in the acquisition of a new capital asset or an industrial undertaking,

49 then, instead of the capital gain being charged to tax as income of the income year in which the transfer took place ,it shall, if the assesses so elects in writing before the assessment is made , be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of sale of assets of business or profession. Capital gain arising from bonus shares: Capital gain arising from bonus shares: Capital gain arising from bonus sale of bonus shares is exempted from charging capital profit tax applicable under section 31 of the I.T.ordiance, 1984.