Modul TOPS Jan 2006 Latest

TECHNIQUES OF PROBLEM SOLVING
INTRODUCTION
TOPS ( Technique Of Problem Solving ) is a comprehensive program for the
development of problem-solving skills and strategies. It has been designed to complement
existing mathematics textbook program. TOPS has instructional materials for the primary
schools. This modules provide the core for a program in one of the most important of
mathematical areas—problem solving. TOPS Module can be used to make students aware
that many problems can be solved in more than one way. It can be also
used to encourage students to communicate in English during the teaching and learning
activities.
Mathematics Module for Year 4 ( TOPS ) Jabatan Pelajaran Pulau Pinang 2006 1
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Advisor : Dr. Goh Kok Keng

Chief of Academic Management Sector
Chairman : En. Mohd. Nasir b. Hj. Othman

Chief of Curriculum Unit
Vice Chairman : En. Ridza b. Hussin

Assistant Director of Science & Mathematics
Module Coordinator : En. Huzaimi b. Hj. Mohd. Hashim

Primary Mathematics Officer
Module Writers : Pn. Aneesha bt. Hamid ( Leader) - SK Pulau Betong

En. Ibrahim b. Mohd Ariffin - SKPK Jalan Hutton
Tn. Hj. Ahmad Nizar b. Salleh - SK Sg. Kechil
Tn. Hj. Osman Kechik - SK Mutiara Perdana
En. Tung Fook Yen - SJK (C) Kim Sen
Pn. Liau Chooi Chin - SJK (C) Sg. Lembu
Pn. Shahbanou bt. Mohamed - SK Kg. Jawa
Pn. Saadiah bt Hassan - SK Juara
Pn. Azrin bt. Abdul Ghafar - SKPK Jalan Hutton
Pn. Norijah bt. Hassan - SK Kebun Sireh
Pn. Vanidamani a/p K. Karuppayah - SJK (T) Ladang Alma
CONTENT
Introduction 2
Objectives 5
Problem Solving Strategies 6 – 7
Polya’s model 8
Topic 1 Whole Numbers 9 – 26
Topic 2 Fractions 27 – 28
Topic 3 Decimals 29 – 31
Topic 4 Money 32 – 36
Topic 5 Time 37 – 40
Topic 6 Length 41 – 42
Topic 7 Mass 43 – 44
Topic 8 Volume of Liquid 45 – 47
Topic 9 Shape & Space 48 – 51
Topic 10 Data Handling 52 – 56
Worksheets 57 – 90
Acknowledgements 91
Bibliography 92
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this program are to improve student’s performance
at solving problems correctly and make students aware of problem solving
strategies. TOPS module was designed to encourage the students to
communicate during the teaching and learning activities with the teacher
playing an active role leading the students through each experience.
PROBLEM SOLVING IN MATHEMATICS
Problem Solving is an instructional program designed to prepare
students for future problem solving experiences by building their
confidence dealing with real-world situations that involve numbers that
exists in three different modes, namely as content, ability, and learning
approach.
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES
Draw a
Choosing diagram
The Finding
Operation Facts
Problem Identifyin
Working
Solving g patterns
Strategie and
Backwards
s sequences
Make a
Using table
Logic Chart/
Guessing systematic
And
Checking
PROBLEM SOLVING USING POLYA’S MODEL
Understanding the problem
Devising a plan
Carrying out the plan
Looking back at the solution.
Flowing Chart Of Problem Solving

START
i. Read and understand

ii. Extract the points
iii. Interpretate the problem
Understanding the problem
Select appropriate solution strategies Devising a plan
Implement solution
Carrying out the plan
Incorrrect
Does the strategic possible?
Correct
Check the answer
Incorrect Looking back the solution
Is it a correct solving ?
Incorrect
END
02 Mac 2006 TOPS JPN PENANG
TOPIC 1 : WHOLE NUMBERS
LEARNING AREA : ADDITION WITH THE HIGHEST TOTAL OF
100 000.
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE ADDITION PROBLEMS.
SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.
Step 1
Teacher asks pupils to read and understand the problem given.
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils write down what is given and what to find.
Step 3
Pupils underline the key word and choose the operation.
e.g. Total – The key word is total and the operation is addition
Step 4
Pupils solve the problem and check them.
e.g.
CHOOSING THE OPERATION
There are 25 317 Mathematics books and 32 451 English books in a bookshop. Find
the total number of books in the bookshop.
Given 25 317 Mathematics

32 451 English books
Find Find total number of books ?

Operation Total / Addition (+)
Solve
25 317 Check 57 768
+ 32 451 - 32 4 51
_______ _________
57 768 25 31 7
_______ _________
Answer There are 57 768 books in the bookshop.
Try this !
Solve the problems
1. There are 30 000 blue cards, 50 000 red cards and 20 000 yellow cards.
How many cards are there altogether ?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve Check
Answer
2. 11 200 76 000
20 Pulau
Mathematics Module for Year 4 ( TOPS ) Jabatan Pelajaran 456Pinang 2006 81
9 000
10 00 20 000
What is the sum of the largest number and the smallest number given
above.
Given Largest number - _____________________

Smallest number - _____________________
Find
Operation
Solve Check
Answer
3. Pak Abu sold 3 500 eggs on Monday. He sold 6 900 eggs on Tuesday.
What is the total number of eggs sold ?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve Check
Answer
100 000.
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE ADDITION PROBLEMS.
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher guides pupils to make a table.
Step 3
Teacher guides pupils to fill in the table by drawing
Step 4
Pupils check the answers.
e.g. MAKING TABLE AND DRAWINGS
If one table with 4 seated and two tables with 6 seated, how many tables are needed
for 20 seats?
Number of Tables Number of People
100 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE ADDITION PROBLEMS

Step 1
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils write down what is given and what to find. Plan what
strategy to use.
Step 3
Pupils underline the key words to write the number sentence.
Step 4
Pupils implement the plan. Then, check the solution.
e.g.
The sum of three numbers is 99 077. Two of the numbers are

33 268 and 18 175. What is the third number ?
+ 33 268 + 18 175 = 99 077
Working Backwards
Solve Check
99 007 47 564
- 18 175 + 33 268
______ 18 175
80 832 ______
- 33 268 99 007
______ ______
47 564
______
TRY THIS !
The sum of three numbers is 44 563 . Two of the numbers

are 12 009 and 18 200. What is the third number ?
SOLUTION CHECK
LEARNING AREA : SUBTRACTION WITHIN 1 000 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE SUBTRACTION PROBLEMS.
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils write down what is given and what to find. Plan what
strategy to use.
Step 3
Step 4
e.g.
What number subtract 7 500 give a difference of

3 700?
― 7 500 = 3 700
Strategy
Working backward
Solve the problem Check the solution.
11 200 ― 7 500 = 3 700 11 200
― 7 500
3 700 _________
+ 7 500 3 700
________ _________
11 200
________
Try this !
1. What number subtract 8 200 give a difference of
7 560?
― _____________ = ____________
Strategy
Working backward
Solve the problem Check the solution.
LEARNING AREA : SUBTRACTION WITHIN 100 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE SUBTRACTION PROBLEMS.
Step 1
Step 2
e.g. How many people visited the travel fair on Saturday?
Step 3
e.g. Difference– The key word is difference and the operation is subtraction.
Step 4
e.g.
1. 20 536 people visited the zoo on Saturday and 25 906 people
on Sunday. Find the difference in the number of visitors for the two days.
Given Saturday – 20 536 people

Sunday - 25 906 people
Find Find the difference in the number of visitors.
Operation Difference / Subtraction ( ― )
Solve Check
25 906 5 370
― 20 536 + 20 536
5 370 25 906
Answer 5 370 people.
Try this!
1. Raju has 13 045 stamps. He gives 1 542 stamps to Kumar. How many
stamps are left?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve Check
2. Find the balance if 32 400 cars were sold from 50 000 cars during
the holiday promotion.
Given
Find
Operation
Solve
Answer
3. Hamidah has 480 eggs. She sells 175 of them. How many eggs are left?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve
Answer
LEARNING AREA : MULTIPLICATION WITH THE HIGHEST
PRODUCT OF 100 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE MULTIPLICATION PROBLEMS
Step 1
Teacher shows multiplication flash cards and pupils give the answers.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
e.g. Times – The key word is times and the operation is multiplication.

Huzi has 5 250 stamps. Imah has 5 times as many stamps as Huzi. How many stamps
does Imah have?
Given Huzi has 5 250 stamps
Imah has 5 times
Find Find the number of stamps Imah has

Operation Times / Multiplication (x)
Solve Check
5 250 5 250
x 5 5 250
_______ 5 250
26 250 5 250
_______ + 5 250
26 250
_________
Answer 26 250 stamps
Try this!
Encik Raju buys 20 boxes of chocolates. There are 2 620 chocolates in each box. How
many chocolates does he buy altogether?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve Check
Answer
LEARNING AREA : DIVISION WITH THE HIGHEST DIVIDEND
OF 100 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE DIVISION PROBLEMS
Step 1
Teacher asks 2 pupils to divide 20 books equally among themselves. Pupils answer.
Step 2
Step 3
Teacher asks pupils to draw the diagram related to the questions given.
Step 4
e.g. Divide equally– The key word is divide equally and the operation is division.
There are 3 030 books. Rina arranges them onto 6 shelves equally. How many books does
she put on each shelf ?
e.g : 1
3 030
e.g :2
3 030
Answer : 505 books
Try this
1050 marbles are packed equally into 15 plastic bags. How many marbles are there in each
plastic bag.
Draw a diagram from the question above.
LEARNING AREA : MIXED OPERATION
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE MIXED OPERATION PROBLEMS
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils solve the problem.
Step 3
Step 4
Teacher guides the pupils to identify the patterns and sequence of the problem.

A farmer puts 4 000 mangosteens equally into twenty baskets. Count the number of
mangosteens in 15 baskets.
Given 4 000 mangosteens , 20 baskets, 15 baskets

Find Find the number of mangosteens
Operation Equally/division (÷)
multiply (x)
Solve Check
200
20 4000 15 3000
- 40 - 30
0 0
0 0
0 0
200 200
x 15 x 20
1000 4000
200
3000
Answer 3 000 mangosteens
Try this
CHOOSING THE OPERTION
There are 2 430 green flags in a store. Red flags exceed green flags by 216. The number
of blue flags is 508 less than the red flags. How many blue flags are there in the store?
Given
Find
Operation
Solve Check
Answer
TOPIC 2 : FRACTIONS
LEARNING AREA : ADDITION OF FRACTIONS
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING ADDITION OF PROPER
FRACTIONS.
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher guides the pupils to draw the diagram related to the question given.
Step 3
Pupils draw the diagram.
Step 4
Pupils solve the problem and check the answers.
e.g 1
Aman eats ½ of the pizza. His sister eats ¼ of the pizza. Find the total amount of the
pizza they have eaten.
+ =
Answer =________________________
e.g 2
+ =
Try this.
Azrin ate ⅜ of a fruit cake and Banu ate ⅝ of the fruit cake. How much fruit cake did they
eat altogether?
Draw the diagram from the above information.
TOPIC 3 : DECIMALS
LEARNING AREA : DECIMAL NUMBERS
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING ADDITION, SUBTRACTON,
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF DECIMAL

NUMBER.
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher guides the pupils to find facts in a list given
Step 3
Teacher asks the pupils to answer the questions.
Step 4
Pupils solve the problem and check them
FINDING FACTS IN A LIST
0.15 kg each
1.2 kg each
1.5 kg each
Find The Facts
1. What is the weight of an apple? ________________
2. A banana weighs _______________
Use The Facts
3. What is the total weight of the fruits listed above?
____________________________
4. What is the difference between a pineapple and an apple in grams?
____________________________
5. If an apple weighs 0.15 kg, what is the total weight of 6 apples in grams?
____________________________
Answer:
1. 0.15 kg
2. 1.2 kg
3. 2.85 kg
4. 1350 g
5. 900 g
Try this!
1200 g 170 g 195 g
Find the facts
1. What is the weight of the bananas? __________________________
2. An apple weighs __________________________
Use The Facts
3. What is the total weight of the fruits listed above ? __________________
4. What is the difference of weight between the bananas and the carrot ?
______________________________.
5. What is the total weight of the 4 apples?
______________________________.
TOPIC 4 : MONEY
LEARNING AREA : MONEY UP TO RM 10 000
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING MONEY UP TO
RM 10 000
Step 1
Step 2
Teacher guides pupil to complete the bill given.
Step 3
Pupils answer the questions and check the answer.
COMPLETING TABLE
RM 1500.00 RM 69.90 RM 399.90
Complete the bill below
Quantity Item Price per Unit Price
1 Television
2 Table Lamp _____________ _____________
3 Camera _____________ _____________
Total
Answers:
1, RM 1500.00 / RM 1500.00
2. RM 69.90 / RM 139.80
3. RM 399.90 / RM 1199.70
Total RM 2839.50
Try this
3 bottles of soya sauce cost RM 1.50 per bottle. 5 kg sugar cost RM 1.40 per kg. 1 carton
of mineral water costs RM 18.00. Find the total amount of the things bought and complete
the table.
Quantity Item Price Per Unit Price
Total
TOPIC 4 : MONEY
LEARNING AREA : MONEY UP TO RM10 000
LEARNING OUTCOMES : (vii) Solve problems involving money up to RM10 000

Step 1
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils answer. Teacher calls out pupil and
Simulate the situation given in the problem given.
Step 3
Teacher guides pupils to make a table and listing to check the answers.
Step 4
Teacher asks pupils to use trial and error strategy to get the answer for the same
problem.
Step 5
Check all the answers.
e.g.
Awin, Dino and Pam received a total of RM45.Awin got RM4 more than Dino. Pam got
RM1 less than Dino. How much money did Dino receive ?
Simulation
• The teacher distributes RM45 to Awin, Dino and Pam.

• First she gives Awin RM4.
• Then Dino takes RM1 and so does Awin from the teacher.
• Lastly, the teacher divides the balance of the money equally to
Awin, Dino and Pam.
• All of them count their money .
The Result :
Amount
Name of pupils The difference
received
Awin RM 18
RM 4
Dino RM 14 RM 1
Pam RM 13
FINDING ANSWER BY MAKING A TABLE.
NAME FIRST SECOND STEP THIRD STEP AMOUNT

STEP RECEIVED
AWIN RM4 Add RM1 Add RM13 RM18
DINO - RM1 Add RM13 RM14
PAM - - RM13 RM13
TRY THIS !
Use Trial and Error strategy to determine the answer.

Awin, Dino and Pam received a total of RM45. Awin got RM4 more than Dino. Pam got
RM1 less than Dino. How much money did Dino receive ?
TRIAL AND ERROR
TRIAL AWIN DINO PAM TOTAL
1st
2nd
3rd
Answer : ____________________________________________
TOPIC 5 : TIME
LEARNING AREA : TIME DURATION
LEARNING OUTCOME : CALCULATE THE START OR THE END OF AN EVENT
FROM A GIVEN DURATION OF TIME AND READ THE START OR END OF AN
EVENT.
Step 1
Teacher asks pupils about their favourite T. V. program.
Step 2
Teacher discusses the T. V. Schedule given. Teacher guides pupils to find
facts in the schedule. Ask questions and pupils write down the answers.
e.g. What time does the movie begin?
Step 3
Pupils use the facts to answer the questions given.
e.g.
FINDING FACTS IN A SCHEDULE
T.V. SCHEDULE
TIME PROGRAM
8:00 a.m. NEWS
8:15 a.m. MUSIC
8:40 a.m. SPORTS
9:00 a.m. MOVIE
10:30 a.m. COOKING
11:00 a.m. CARTOONS FIND FACTS
12:00 noon ABOUT TOWN
1. What time does the movie begin ?
________________________
2. Which program begins at 8:40 ? __________________________
3. What time does the music program begin ? ______________________
4. What time does the music program end? ________________________

USE THE FACTS
5. What is the duration of the news program ? _______________________________
6. Which program is one hour long? _______________________________
7. Which program is 30 minutes long? _____________________________
8. What is the duration of the music program? ______________________
9. Which program is longer, the sports show or the cooking

show? _____________________________
10. Which program is the longest? _____________________________
11. What is the duration of this TV program? _______________________
TOPIC 5 : TIME
LEARNING AREA : BASIC OPERATION INVOLVE TIME
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING BASIC OPERATION OF
TIME
Step 1
Step 2
Pupils state the start and end of the event.
Step 3
By using drawings, teacher guide pupils to calculate the duration of the event.
MAKING DRAWINGS
Pn. Neesha jogs every morning. She starts at 6 o’clock and finishes at 7:30 am. How long
does she jog?
6:00 am 7:00 am 7:30 am
1 hour ½ hour
Answer 1½ hour / 1 hour 30 minutes
Try this!
A test starts at 8:00 a.m. and end at 9:15 a.m. How long is the test?
start end
TOPIC 6 : LENGTH
LEARNING AREA : MEASURING LENGTH
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING BASIC OPERATION ON
LENGTH
Step 1
Teacher practices mental calculations and estimation involving length.
Step 2
Teacher asks pupils to measure the actual length of the object.
Step 3
Teacher asks pupils to read and understand the story given.
Step 4
Teacher asks pupils to answer the questions from the story
Step 5
Pupils solve the problem.
FINDING FACTS IN A STORY
Ijah is 150 cm tall. Arin is 10 cm shorter than Ijah. Anis is 15 cm taller than Arin.
Find The Facts
1. What is the height of Ijah ? ___________________

2. The height of Arin is _________________________
3. Anis is ________________________ tall.
Use the Facts
4. What is the height of Ijah in meters. _______________________

5. What is the difference of height between Anis and Arin ? _________
6. Find their total height in meters. ___________________________
Answers:
1. 150 cm 4. 1.5 m
2. 140 cm 5. 15 cm
3. 155 cm 6. 4.45 m
Try this!
Diah has 3 colour ribbons. The length of the red ribbon is 1.5 m. The blue ribbon is 207 cm
and the yellow ribbon is 0.8m.
Find the facts
1. Which is the longest ribbon ? _____________________________

2. The shortest ribbon is __________________________________
3. What is the length of the red ribbon ? ______________________
Use the facts
1. If one red ribbon is 1.5m, what is the length of 10 red ribbons in centimeter?
_______________________________
2. Calculate the difference between the blue ribbon and the yellow ribbon?
_______________________________
3. Find the total length of the red and blue ribbon. _____________________
TOPIC 7 : MASS
LEARNING AREA : MEASURING MASS
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING BASIC OPERATIONS WITH
MASS.
Step 1
Teacher practices mental calculation and estimation involving mass.
Step 2
Step 3
Teacher guides pupils to read the measurement from the weighing scale.
Step 4
Pupils answer the question asked and check the answer.
FINDING FACTS IN A PICTURE
Picture A Picture B
1. The weight of tomatoes in picture A is ________________.
2. The weight of clock in picture B is ____________________.
3. Which is heavier ? _________________.
4. Find the weight of 10 similar tomatoes from picture A. __________________.
5. Find the weight of picture A and B in grams. _______________________.
Try this
A B
1. The weight of the chicken is __________________.
2. The weight of the fish is _____________________.
3. Which is heavier? A chicken or a fish? _____________________.
4. Find the weight of 8 chickens. ____________________.
5. Find the weight of the chicken and the fish in grams. ______________.
TOPIC 8 : VOLUME OF LIQUID
LEARNING AREA : MEASURING VOLUME OF LIQUID
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING VOLUME OF LIQUID
Step 1
Teacher practices mental calculation and estimation involving volume of liquid..
Step 2
Teacher asks pupils to measure the volume of liquid using a measuring cylinder.
Step 3
Teacher guides pupils to estimate the volume of liquid shown below.
Step 4
Teacher asks pupils to answer the questions and solve the problem.
FINDING FACTS IN A TABLE
CONTAINER VOLUME OF LIQUID
______________ ml
______________ ml
______________ ml
1. The cup contains _____________ ml of water
2. There is ____________ ml of ink in the bottle.
3. The cylinder contains _____________ ml of water.
Use the facts
4. If the water from the cup is poured into the cylinder, what is the total amount of
water in the cylinder now?
_________________________
5. What is the difference between the volume of water in an ink bottle and a cup?
_________________________
Try this
Container Volume of Liquid

( Estimation )
_________________ ml
Aquarium A
_________________ ml
Aquarium B
_________________ ml
Aquarium C
Find the Facts
1. Aquarium A contains _____________ ml of water.
2. There is ____________ ml of water in aquarium B.
3. Aquarium C contains ______________ml of water.
Use The Facts
4. If the water from aquarium A is poured into aquarium C, what is the total amount of
the water in aquarium C now?
____________________
5. What is the difference between the volume of water in aquarium C and aquarium B?
____________________
TOPIC 9 : SHAPE AND SPACE
LEARNING AREA : TWO DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING PERIMETER AND AREA OF
TWO DIMENSIONAL SHAPE.
Step 1
Teacher guide pupils to abstract information from the table given.
Step 2
Pupils work in groups
Step 3
Teacher asks pupils to present their work.
Step 4
Pupils check the answer.
Fill in the table
Length Breadth Shapes Perimeter Area
4 cm 6 cm
1.5 m 2.5 m
1.5 m 15 m
Answers:
1. rectangle / 20 cm / 24 cm²
2. rectangle / 8 m / 3.75 m²
3. rectangle / 33 m / 22.5 m²
Try this!
Fill in the table from the story below.
The base length of a model house is 15 m and breadth 8 m. Find the perimeter and the
area of the model house.
Length Breadth Shape Perimeter Area
TOPIC 9 : SHAPE AND SPACE
LEARNING AREA : THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPES
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING VOLUME OF CUBES AND
CUBOIDS
Step 1
Teacher show real object to the pupils.
Step 2
Teacher asks pupils to measure the object
Step 3
Teacher helps pupils to create story from the above object.
USING LOGIC
?
?
Make a short story from the information above.
Try this
2 m
3 m
6 m
Complete a story from the diagram given
An aquarium is _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
TOPIC 10 : DATA HANDLING
LEARNING AREA : PICTOGRAPH
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE A GIVEN PROBLEM BY ORGANISING AND
INTERPRETING NUMERICAL DATA IN PICTOGRAPH.
Step 1
Teacher guides pupils to specify the problem.
Step 2
Teacher asks pupils to collect data from the pictograph shown.
Step 3
Pupils interpret and discuss the result.
FINDING FACTS IN A PICTOGRAPH
Complete the table based on the problem below
The pictograph below shows the number of points obtained by 3 pupils in diagram.
Brahim
Osman
Nizar
represent 5 points
Brahim has 20 points. Osman has 25 points and Nizar has 40 points.
Try this!
Complete the table based on the problem below.
The pictograph represent the number of books read by 3 pupils per month.
Liau
Tung
Vani
represent 10 books
Liau needs 40 books. Tung needs 30 books and Vani needs 60 books.
a. Who read the least number of books?
b. What is the difference between the number of books read by Vani and Liau?
TOPIC 10 : DATA HANDLING
LEARNING AREA : BAR GRAPH
LEARNING OUTCOME : SOLVE A GIVEN PROBLEM BY

ORGANISING AND INTERPRETING
NUMERICAL DATA IN BAR GRAPHS.
Step 1
Teacher shows the graph and pupils discuss about the graph given.
Step 2
Teacher asks questions and pupils find the facts from the graph given.
Step 3
Pupils use the finding facts strategy to solve the problem given.
Step 4
FINDING FACTS
1. How many pupils like to play badminton ?
_________ pupils like to play badminton.
2. How many pupils like to play ping pong ? __________________
3. The number of pupils play basketball is ___________________.
4. The number of pupils like to play football is _______________.
USING THE FACTS
1. What is the total number of pupils in year 4?
There are ______________ pupils in Year 4.
2. Find the difference between the number of pupils playing badminton and
football. ____________________ pupils.
3. What is the most popular game? __________________.
Try this!
The above bar graphs shows the number of different types of cars sold
by a company in January.
1. Which car sells the most ?
______________________________________________________
2. Which car sells the least ?
______________________________________________________
3. Find the total number of cars sold in the month of January?
_____________________________________________________
FINDING FACTS
32 560 4 290 61 536 8 261

42
Find the facts.
1. The smallest number is ________________
2. The largest number is ________________
3. The place value of digit 2 in the circle is ____________
4. The value of digit 5 in the rectangle is ____________
5. 8 261 round off to the nearest thousand is ____________
6. Write the number in the square in words.
_______________________________________________________
7. Partition the number in the triangle.
_______________________________________________________
8. Arrange all the above numbers in ascending order.
__________ , _________, _________, __________, __________
9. Arrange all the above numbers in descending order.
_________ , _________, __________, __________, ___________
10. 43 000 is rounded off to the nearest thousands from ______________
USING FACTS
MARBLES
RED BLUE GREEN YELLOW WHITE
10 265 12 0005 9 375 45 432 36 000
1 What is the total of the red and the white marbles?
________________
2 Find the difference between the yellow and the blue

marbles.
________________
3 Find the total of the green marbles in 15 boxes.
________________
4 Divide the white marbles into 100 boxes equally.
________________
5 Ali bought a box of red and blue marbles. Tina bought a

box of yellow marbles. What is the difference between
their marbles?
________________
USING LOGIC
You are a Detective.
Draw a circle around the numbers that fits Clue 1.

Draw a box around the numbers that fits Clue 2.
The answer has both a circle and a box.
1. Clue 1 . The number is odd.

35
Clue 2. The number is more than 100. 107
200
The number is _______ 1 004
2. Clue 1. The number is less than 1 000.

769
Clue 2. The number is greater than 500. 2 010
473
The number is ________ 172
3. Clue 1. The number is even.

1 235
Clue 2. The number is not 2 244. 2 244
765
The number is _______ 3 242
4. Clue 1. You say the number when you count by 20.

40
Clue 2. You say the number when you count by 30.
60
The number is ______ 90
100
GUESSING AND CHECKING
Pick a number from the star.
Use the number to solve the problem.
Does it work ? If not, try another number.
1. What is the mystery number ? _________
Add 5 to it. 8
Subtract 4 and you get 10. 9 10
2. What is the mystrery number ? _________
Subtract 10 from it. 14 15

Add 6 and you get 11. 16 17
3. What is the mystery number ? ________
Add 10 to it. 25 35
Add 15 again and you get 60. 45 65
4. What is the mystery number ? ________
Multiply 5 to it. 20 22
Subtract 20 from it and you get 100. 24 26
CHOOSING THE OPERATIONS
Ali drank litre of milk. Her

sister drank litre of milk
1. Who drank more milk?
________________
2. How much milk both of them drank?
________________
3. Find the difference of milk drank between

Ali and his sister?
________________
4. How much milk was left?
________________
1
A carpenter used of a piece of plywood to make a cupboard.
2
3
He used another of the plywood to make a desk.
10
1. Which of the furniture used less plywood ?
_________________
2. How many parts of the plywood are used to
make the furniture ?
_________________
3. How many parts of the plywood were left ?
_________________

Tan and his friends, Tin and Tun painted a wall. They painted
one-fifth of the wall in blue and two-fifth of the wall in green.
1. What is the fraction of the wall not

painted ?
_________________
2. What is the fraction of the wall painted ?
_________________
3. What is the difference in fraction between

the blue and the green wall?
_________________
FINDING OPERATIONS
1 Ali weighs 32.9 kg. Busu weighs 29 kg. Chin
weighs 36.25 kg. What is their total weight?
________________
2 The total length of red wire and blue wire is

12.5 m. If the length of red wire is 8.25m, find
the length of red wire?
________________
3 My father buys 6 tins of paint. Each tin contains

4.25 l of paint. What is the total volume of the
paint?
________________
4 Container Q can hold 6.5 l of water. Container R

can hold 0.75 l of water less than container Q.
How much water can container R hold?
________________
5 Liza, Ana, May and Yani shared 9.4 m of ribbon

among themselves equally. What was the length
of the ribbon Yani received?
________________
RM 3.50 RM 5 RM 22.00 RM 2.50
Amir has RM 25.00

Amin has RM 50.00
Ana has ten ringgit more than Amir
1 How much money they have altogether?
________________
2 Amir needs to buy a school bag and a pair of

socks. How much has he left after buying
those things?
________________
3 Ana bought two books and a pen. How much

money has she left?
________________
4 Amin has to use half of his money to pay the

school fees. How much more money he needs if
he wants to buy a book, a pen and a bag?
________________
FINDING FACTS IN A SCHEDULE
TV SCHEDULE
TIME PROGRAM
8.00 a.m News
8.15 a.m Music
8.40 a.m Sports
9.00 a.m Movie
10.30 a.m Cooking
11.00 am Cartoons
12.00 noon About Towns
FIND THE FACTS.
1. What time does the movie begin ? _________________________
2. Which program begins at 8.40 a.m ? _________________________
3. What time does the music program begin ? ____________________
4. What time does the music program end ? _____________________
USING THE FACTS.
1. What is the duration of the news ? _____________ minutes.
2. Which program is one hour long ? ________________________
3. Which program is 30 minutes long? ________________________
4. What is the duration of the music program? ______________ minutes.
5. Which program is longer, the sports show or the cooking show ?
________________________
6. Which program is the longest ?
_________________________
CHOOSING OPERATIONS
1 Abu is 9 years old. His mother is 4 times older

than him. What is his mother’s age?
________________
2 The workers work 8 hours daily. They start work

at 9.15 a.m. When will they finish their work?
________________
3 Siti started walking to school at 6.45 a.m. She

reached school at 7.00 a.m. How long did she
take to reach her school?
________________
4 How many minutes are there in 1 hour and 15

minutes?
________________
5 Convert 235 minutes to hours and minutes
________________
CHOOSING OPERATIONS
1 A carpenter needs 45 minutes to make a chair.

How long does he need to make 12 chairs?
________________
2 Divide 365 minutes by 6
3 Abu’s eldest daughter is 36 years old. His

second daughter is 23 years old. What is the
difference in their age?
4 What is the total number of days in Jun, July

and August?
5 What is the duration from Friday 7.45 a.m. to

Saturday 2.30 p.m in hours and minutes?
Problem Solving Strategies:
S1 Draw a diagram
S2 Finding Facts
S3 Identifying patterns and sequence
S4 Make a table chart or systematic list
S5 Guessing and checking
S6 Using logic
S7 Working backwards
S8 Choosing the operation
Sample questions
Topic Questions Strategies
1.2 There are 34 648 male residents in a district. The female residents in S2/S8
the district are 4285 more than the male residents. How many female
residents are there in the district?
______________
1.2 There are 27 750 packets of flour, 14 500 packets of sugar and 8 375 S2/S8
packets of curry powder in a warehouse. find the total packets of
flour, sugar and curry powder in the warehouse.
______________
1.2 Mr Nathan collects 15 574 aluminium cans and 20 528 bottles. How S2/S8
many cans does he collect altogether?
______________
1.2 Year 2003 2004 2005 S2/S8

Number of cars 12 450 23 574
exported The table
above shows the number of cars exported by a country in the year
2003 and 2004. In 2005, the number of cars exported was 3970 more
than the number of cars exported in 2004. What was the total number
of cars exported in the three years?
______________
1.2 Mr Tan rears 28 750 ducks and 15 675 chickens. How many ducks and S2/S8
chickens does he rear altogether?
______________
1.3 There are 52 428 candidates in an examination. If 46 549 S2/S8
of them pass, how many of them fail?
______________
1.3 A businessman imported 83 600 oranges. The number of apples S2/S8

imported by him was 7 850 less than the number of oranges. How many
apples were imported by the businessman?
______________
1.3 43 350 text books were distributed to two schools A and B. School A S2/S8
received 16 658 text books. How many text books were received by
school B?
______________
1.3 In a tree planning campaign, two states planted 25 140 trees and S2/S8
16 945 trees respectively. What is the difference between the
number of trees planted by the two states?
______________
1.3 Month May June July S2/S8

Number of 20 468 25 564
tourists The table
above shows the number of tourists who visited a national park in the
month of May and June. If the total number of tourists in the three
months is 88 046, What is the number of tourists in the month of
July?
______________
1.4 There are 574 nails in one box. How many nails are there in 82 boxes? S2/S8
______________
1.4 There are 95 bags of aluminium cans for recycling. Each bag contains S2/S8
280 cans. How many aluminium cans are there altogether?
______________
1.4 There are 1 288 boys and 1 178 girls in a school. If each pupil buys 9 S2/S8
exercise books, how many exercise books do all the pupils buy?
______________
1.4 Ahmad imported 8 500 apples. The number of pears imported by him S2/S8
is 8 times as many as the number of apples. How many pears were
imported by Ahmad?
______________
1.4 A factory can install 652 computers a day. How many computers can S2/S8
be installed by the factory in 30 days?
______________
1.4 There are 42 rubber trees in a row, how many trees are there S2/S8
altogether in 80 rows ?
______________
1.5 Zainab arranges 95 stamps in each album. She has 4750 S2/S8
stamps. How many albums does she need?
______________
1.5 Pak Ali plants 12 840 rambutan trees in his orchard. There are 24 S2/S8
rows altogether, how many trees are there in a row?
______________
1.5 A box can keep 48 packets of biscuits. How many boxes are needed to S2/S8
fill 2160 packets of biscuits?
______________
1.5 A factory produced 34 500 bottles of soy sauce in a week. The S2/S8
factory operates everyday except on Sunday. How many bottles of soy
sauce can the factory produce in a day?
______________
1.5 14 375 boxes of Milo are kept in 5 warehouses equally. S2/S8

How many packets of Milo are there in each warehouse?
______________
1.5 24 660 CD are kept in 15 boxes, how many CD are there S2/S8
in each box?
______________
6 The total height of Hassan and Kim Seng is 2.8 m . If Hassan’s height S2/S8
is 1.4 m. What is Kim Seng’s height?
______________
6 A long string is 108 m long and it is cut into 9 equal length. What is the S2/S8
length of each part?
______________
6 A ribbon of 26 cm long is used to wrap a parcel, What is the length of S2/S8
ribbon used to wrap 8 parcels?
______________
6 A dictionary is 3 cm thick. What is the total thickness of S2/S8

24 dictionary?
______________
6 A rope is 520 cm long. A string is 295 cm long. What is the difference S2/S8
in length?
______________
6 A stick is 420 cm long and a plank is 590 cm long. What is the total S2/S8
length?
______________
6 Manjit is 136.5 cm tall, Velu is 2.3 cm more than Manjit and Lim is S2/S8
4.4 cm less than Velu. What is the height of Lim?
______________
6 A piece of cloth measured 18 m, it is cut into 9 small pieces. What is S1/S2/

the length of each piece? S8
______________
6 The distance from Susan’s house to school is 462 m. If Susan walks to S1/S2/
school everyday, how far does she walk in a day? S8
______________
6 My mother bought 2m of rice paper and she used 0.5 m to make a kite S1/S2/
for herself. What is the length of the rice paper left? S8
______________
6 A ruler of 1 m long is broken into two parts. One part is 68cm, what is S2/S8
the length of the other part?
______________
6 Karen used 3 m 75 cm of ribbon to tie a gift and 2 m 45 cm of ribbon S2/S8

to tie a second gift. What is the total length of ribbon did she use?
______________
6 Yusof has 7 m 30 cm of rope. Azmi has 3 m 75 cm of rope less than S2/S8

Yusof. What is the length of rope does Azmi have?
______________
6 The length of an exercise book is 17 cm 6 mm. What is the total S2/S8

length of 6 exercise books?
______________
6 Daniel is 5 years 6 months old. His uncle is 4 times Daniel’s age. How S2/S8
old is his uncle’s ?
______years ______months.
6 A wire of 8.68 m long is cut into 4 equal pieces. Find the length of S2/S8
each piece?
______________
6 After 35 m 75 cm of walkway was cleaned by a group of workers, 9 m S2/S8

45 cm of walkway was left. What is the total length of the walkway?
______________
6 I am 10 years old. In 10 year’s time, my uncle will be twice my age. S4

How old is my uncle now?
______________
6 MAKING DRAWINGS S1
It is 690 km from Butterworth to Melaka.
It is 386 km from Melaka to Batu Pahat.
Mr. Lim went from Butterworth to Melaka and then to Batu Pahat.
Then, from Batu Pahat he went back to Melaka.
How far did Mr. Lim travel ?
Draw a picture |_________________________|__________________|

like this. Butterworth Melaka Batu Pahat
690 km 386 km
Label the |_________________________|__________________|
distances. Butterworth Melaka Batu Pahat
690 km 386 km
Show Mr. Lim’s |_________________________|__________________|
trip. Butterworth Melaka Batu Pahat
Mr. Lim traveled ________ km.
Draw a picture to answer the question. Then fill in the blanks.
1. It is 105 km from Kulim to Taiping.

It is 216 km from Taiping to Ipoh.
Marina drove from Ipoh to Taiping then to Kulim.
She then drove back from Kulim to Taiping.
What is the total distance of her traveling?
________________________
2. Kai Chee rode her bicycle 6 km from home to the school and
3 km from the school to the football field.
She then rode back to the school. From the school, Kai Chee rode 5 km
to her friend’s house.
How far did Kai Chee ride altogether?
________________________
7 The weight of a bag is 2.5 kg and the weight of a basket is 1.2 kg. Find S2/S8
the difference between the weight of the two objects.
______________
7 2424 kg of rambutans are divided into 4 baskets. What is the weight of S1/S2/
each basket of rambutans? S8
______________
7 Anita buys 1.5 kg of fish daily. How many kilograms of fish does she buy S2/S8
for a week?
______________
7 Box A is 270g , box B is 605g and box C is 158g.What is the total weight S1/S2/
of the 3 boxes? S8
______________
7 Ah Beng has 450g of biscuits, his brother has 285g less than him, S2/S8
whereas his sister has 180g more than Ah Beng . Find the total weight of
the biscuits they have.
______________
7 Add 28 kg to 579 kg then subtract 52kg. S2/S8
______________
7 The weights of Rizuan and Mutu are 128 kg. If Rizuan weighs 58 kg,
what is the weight of Mutu ?
______________
7 Aishah has 25 kg of sugar. She used 3.5 kg of sugar to bake cakes, 8 kg S2/S8
to cook syrup , 5.5 kg to cook “bubur kacang”. How much sugar has she
used altogether?
______________
7 The fruit seller has 120 kg of mangoes, he sells to 6 buyers. How many S2/S8
kilograms of mangoes does each buyer buy?
______________
7 A television weighs 14.4 kg. what is the weight of 5 similar televisions? S2/S8
______________
7 Mrs Lim bought 3.5 kg of prawn, 1.2 kg of spinach and 2.6 kg of chicken. S2/S8
What is the total weight of things she bought?
______________
7 A basket of durians weights 5 kg 380g. If the basket weighs 1.5 kg , S2/S8

what is the weight of the durians in kg?
______________
7 A bag of rice weighs 6 kg 750 g. A bag of soya beans weighs 4 kg 500 g. S2/S8
Find the total weight of the two bags, in kg.
______________
7 A loaf of bread weighs 300 g. Find the total weight of 25 loaves of the S2/S8
same type?
______________
7 Jean collects 14.6 kg of aluminium cans for recycling. He puts the S1/S2
aluminium can in 4 plastic bags equally. Find the weight of aluminium can /S8
in each plastic bag.
______________
7 The mass of Chee Meng is 54 kg. Aron and Mac have the same mass. If S2/S8
the total mass of the three boys is 150 kg, find the mass of Aron.
______________
7 Mrs. Tan used 3 kg 350 g of flour to bake some cakes and 1 kg 850 g of S2/S8
flour is left. Find the weight of flour she had, in kg.
______________
8 A bottle has 1.2 litres of cooking oil. It spills out 60 ml. How much oil is S2/S8
left in the bottle.Give your answer in ml?
______________
8 A boat used 6 litres of diesel oil in a day, how much will it used for 5 S2/S8
days?
______________
8 A tank contains 750 ml of water. Another tank contains S2/S8

2 litre of water. What is the total volume of water in ml?
______________
8 A pail which contains 3.5 litres of water was poured into 7 bottles. What S1/2/S8
is the volume of water in each bottle?
______________
8 A container contains 64 litres of drinking water is to be distributed S1/S2/S
among 8 person. How much water does each person get? 8
______________
8 A bowl contains 0.2 litre of soup, what is the total volume of soup in 10 S2/S8
bowls?
______________
8 If Hasni drinks 5 ml of fruit juice per day. How much of fruit juice does S2 /S8
he drink in the month of April?
______________
8 Find the total volume of three bottles containing 0.5 litre, 1.3 litre and S1/S2/S
2.4 litre of water respectively. 8
______________
8 A kettle contains 3 litres of water and a tea pot contains S2/S8

1.5 litres of water. Find the difference of volume which the kettle and
the tea-pot hold.
______________
8 A car has 35 litres of petrol. After driving for a distance, 16 litres of S1/S2/
petrol was left, then he filled up the tank with 24 litres of petrol. What S8
is the volume of petrol has the car now?
______________
8 A tin of milk powder is 1.5 litre. What is the total volume of 18 tins of S2/S8
milk powder?
______________
8 60 litres of oil is pour into 24 bottles equally. What is the volume of oil S1/S2/S
in each bottle? 8
______________
8 A pot can hold 3 l 250 ml of water. A pail can hold 2 l 850 ml of water S1/S2/
more than the pot. How much water can the pail hold in litre ? S3/S8
______________
8 A container has a capacity of 20 l 250 ml . There is 12 l 650 ml of S2/S8

water in it. How much more water will fill up the container?
______________
8 S2/S8
500 mℓ
C
If 5 pails are needed to fill Tank C, what is the capacity of Tank C? Give
your answer in liters and milliliters. _______ℓ_______mℓ
8 A bucket can hold 8.5 l of water. Ming Ming pours 8 buckets of water S2/S8
into an empty tank. Find the total volume of water in the tank.
______________
8 A tank with a capacity of 528 litres is to be filled with water. Ewen uses S2/S8
12 litres pails to carry water from a river to the tank. If she can carry
2 pails each time, how many trips must she make to fill up the tank?
______________
8 A gardener used 18.5 litres water a day to water the plants in the school S2/S8
compound. How much water did he use?
______________
8 A painter used 43.5 litre of paint to paint 6 room of equal size. What is S2/S8
the volume of paint he used for each room?
______________
8 If Robert drinks 10 ml of cough syrup, 5 ml of flu medicine and 10 ml of S2/S8

fever medicine. What is the total volume of medicine has he taken?
______________
8 55 ml of chemical solution is needed to carry out an experiment. If 15 S2/S8

groups carry out the experiment, how much chemical solution is needed?
______________
8 A car is filled up with 50 l of petrol. On the first day 16.5 l of petrol S2/S8
was used whereas on the second day, 18.9 l was used. What is the
volume of petrol remaining in the tank?
______________
9 The figure shows a cube and a cuboid. Find the difference in volume S2/S8
between the cube and the cuboid.
12cm
6cm
6cm
6cm
3cm
5cm
______________
9 The figure shows a field with the shape of a rectangle. Find the S2/S8
perimeter of the field.
125cm
45cm
______________
9 The figure shows a rectangle. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 42 S2/S8

cm, what is the length of CD?
A B
16cm
______________
D C
9 The length of side A is _________ cm. S2/S8
6 cm
2
66 cm
______________
9 The base area of a cuboid is 24cm2, Its height is 5 cm. What is the S1/S8
volume of the cuboid?
______________.
9 Alvin draws a rectangle. The length of the rectangle is 12 cm and its S1/S8
breadth is 8 cm. What is its area?
_____________
9 The volume of a cube is 576 cm3. If its base area is 64 cm2, find its S1/S8
height.
______________
9 The breadth of a rectangle is 25 cm. Its length is twice as long as its S1/S8
breadth. Find the perimeter of the rectangle.
______________
9 A square has side 6 cm. The area of a rectangle is 4 times the area of S1/S8
the square. Find the area of the rectangle.
______________
9 The figure below is made up of 3 cm squares. What is its perimeter? S3/S8
3cm
______________
9 The figure shows a rectangle. The perimeter of the rectangle is 32 cm. S1/S2
Find the area of the rectangle.
6cm
______________
9 The diagram consists of squares of the same size. Find the total area of S2/S8
all the shaded squares. 2cm
2cm
______________
9 The diagram shows a cuboid. How many cubes with sides measuring 1 cm S2/S8
are needed to fill up the cuboid?
18cm
4cm
12cm
______________
10 The bar graph below shows the number of members in 4 familes. S2/S8
Number of members
1614121086420WXYZFamily
(a) How many members does family W have?

_______________
(b) How many members do family X, Y and Z have altogether?
_______________
(c) How many members does family W have more than family X?
_______________
(d) How many members does family Y have more than family Z?
_______________
(e) Find the difference between the number of members in family W and
family Y ?
_______________
(f) How many fewer members does family X have than family Z?
_______________
10 The pictograph below shows the number of toy cars 5 boys have. S2/S8
Ramli Kelvin Chin Hin Mohan Sam
represents 5 toy cars
1. Ramli has _______ toy cars.

2. Chin Hin and Mohan have _______ toy cars altogether.
3. _______has the most number of toy cars.
4. _______has the least number of toy cars.
5. Kelvin has _______toy cars more than Ramli.
6. Mohan has _______toy cars more than Chin Hin.
7. Chin Hin has _______ toy cars less than Ramli.
8. Mohan has _______toy cars less than Kelvin.
10 S2
FINDING FACTS IN A BAR GRAPH
Our class asked students to choose their favourite number.

The graph shows the results.
Our Favourite Numbers

Number of students
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Favourite Numbers
FIND THE FACTS Find the bar for 7. Look up to the top of
the bar. Look back to the number of
students.
1. How many students chose 7 as their favourite number? _______
2. Which number was chosen by 3 students? _______
3. What number was chosen by the most students? _______
4. What number was chosen by the fewest students? _______
USE THE FACTS
5. How many more students chose 4 than 2? _______
6. How many students chose a number greater than 7? _______
7. How many students chose a number less than 4? _______
8. How many students chose a favourite number? _______
9. What is your favourite number? _______
10 The table below shows the number of adults and children who went to an
amusement park in a week. Use this table to answer questions.
Day Number of children Number of adults

Monday 135 69
Tuesday 160 76
Wednesday 128 51
Thursday 150 62
Friday 284 175
Saturday 293 198
Sunday 309 154
On which day of the week were there the most number of visitors?
______________.
On which day of the week were there the least number of visitors?
______________.
How many more children than adults visited the amusement park on Friday
and Saturday?
______________.
If the entrance fee was RM2 for a child and RM5 for an adult, how much
money was collected by the amusement park on Sunday?
______________.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Penang Education Department would like to
express their appreciation and gratitude for the
contributions made by the Module Writers and those
who have contributed ideas for the publication of this
module.
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. Randall I. Charles, Frank K. Lester, JR, Problem–Solving Experiences
In Mathematics Grade 2, Addison- Wesley Publishing Company,
Auckland .
2. Carole Greenes, George Immerzeel, Problem – Solving Skill Sheets,

Level B by Dell Seymour, Publication, Canada.
3. Curriculum Specifications of Mathematics Year 4, Curriculum Development

Centre, Ministry of Education, Malaysia.

Modul TOPS Jan 2006 Latest

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Modul TOPS Jan 2006 Latest

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

TECHNIQUES OF PROBLEM SOLVING

development of problem-solving skills and strategies. It has been designed to complement

Advisor : Dr. Goh Kok Keng

Chairman : En. Mohd. Nasir b. Hj. Othman

Vice Chairman : En. Ridza b. Hussin

Module Coordinator : En. Huzaimi b. Hj. Mohd. Hashim

Module Writers : Pn. Aneesha bt. Hamid ( Leader) - SK Pulau Betong

Problem Solving Strategies 6 – 7

Topic 1 Whole Numbers 9 – 26

Topic 8 Volume of Liquid 45 – 47

Topic 9 Shape & Space 48 – 51

Topic 10 Data Handling 52 – 56

The objectives of this program are to improve student’s performance

at solving problems correctly and make students aware of problem solving

strategies. TOPS module was designed to encourage the students to

playing an active role leading the students through each experience.

Problem Solving is an instructional program designed to prepare

students for future problem solving experiences by building their

confidence dealing with real-world situations that involve numbers that

exists in three different modes, namely as content, ability, and learning

Understanding the problem

Carrying out the plan

Looking back at the solution.

Flowing Chart Of Problem Solving

i. Read and understand

Select appropriate solution strategies Devising a plan

TOPIC 1 : WHOLE NUMBERS

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

Given 25 317 Mathematics

Find Find total number of books ?

Answer There are 57 768 books in the bookshop.

Given Largest number - _____________________

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

e.g. MAKING TABLE AND DRAWINGS

Number of Tables Number of People

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

The sum of three numbers is 99 077. Two of the numbers are

+ 33 268 + 18 175 = 99 077

The sum of three numbers is 44 563 . Two of the numbers

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

What number subtract 7 500 give a difference of

Solve the problem Check the solution.

11 200 ― 7 500 = 3 700 11 200

Solve the problem Check the solution.

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

Given Saturday – 20 536 people

Answer 5 370 people.

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

CHOOSING THE OPERATION

Find Find the number of stamps Imah has

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

CHOOSING THE OPERATION

Answer : 505 books

Draw a diagram from the question above.

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

CHOOSING THE OPERATION

Given 4 000 mangosteens , 20 baskets, 15 baskets

Answer 3 000 mangosteens

CHOOSING THE OPERTION

Draw the diagram from the above information.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF DECIMAL

SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

Find The Facts

2 Table Lamp _ _

3 Camera _ _