What Is SAP Queries

Many times a need arises for SAP Users and Functional Consultants to generate quick reports without getting any ABAP coding done time taken to complete the coding in development, transport and test it in QA system and then transport to production is sometimes too long. In such cases, ABAP/4 query is a tool provided by SAP for generating these kind of reports. Type of Report Desired: Before starting to write an ABAP query, its advisable to decide the type of report that the user wants. ABAP query provides the following type of reports: Basic List Statistics Ranked List Simple report Report containing statistical functions like Average &Percentage Report written for analytical purpose

The output is always seen in the order of Basic List, then Statistics and then Ranked List if any. One ABAP query can have one basic list, maximum of 9 statistics and maximum of 9 ranked lists. In a nutshell, an ABAP/4 query can be designed in four steps - Creation of a user group - Creation of functional area - Assignment of user group to functional area - Creation of the query based on functional area The various objects that form an ABAP query can be created in the following 2 ways: - Tools => ABAP/4 Workbench => Utilities => ABAP/4 Query OR - By executing the transaction codes mentioned below: SQ01 ABAP/4 Query SQ02 Functional Area SQ03 User group Step I - Create Functional Area In the functional area section, the user indicates from which part of the SAP database the data is going to be retrieved and how the data is to be retrieved by the query. One functional area can be assigned to many user groups. A functional area can be created with or without a logical database. To create a functional area with a logical database,

one has to mention the name of the database and then select the fields from the tables that form the logical database. ABAP Query Authorizations: To use an ABAP query, the user must have appropriate authorizations. Two ways of providing authorizations to the users are as follows: - User groups The user should be a part of at least one user group to run the corresponding ABAP query. This automatically restricts the access of the user to specific functional areas, and thus the corresponding underlying logical databases. - Authorizations The authorization object S_QUERY should be used to give proper authorizations to the user for a query. This authorization object has a field named ACTVT which can take values 02 for Change, 23 for Maintain and 67 for Translate. This value determines whether the user can create and modify the query. The possible authorizations in the object are as follows: S_QUERY_ALL S_QUERY_UPD Change, maintain and translate query Change and Translate