SQL9

Implementing Stored Procedures
Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to: Create a stored procedure Execute a stored procedure Pass parameters to a stored procedure Modify a stored procedure Return values from a stored procedure Return multiple values from a stored procedure Call a procedure from another stored procedure Recompile a stored procedure Drop a stored procedure
SQL/Lesson 9/Slide 1 of 61

Getting Started
A stored procedure is a collection or batch of T-SQL statements and control-of-flow language that is stored under one name, and executed as a single unit Benefits of Stored Procedures Improved performance Reduction in network congestion Better consistency Better security mechanism

Getting Started (Contd.)
Types of Procedures User-defined System Temporary Remote Extended

Just a Minute
What are the benefits of using stored procedures?

9.D.1 Speeding up the Execution of Batch Statements
A list containing the name, address, city, zip code, telephone number, and the fax number of recruitment agencies is required frequently. Recently, it has been noticed that there is a delay in generating this report due to the network congestion. Besides, the Human Resources department personnel make mistakes while querying for this information. Suggest and implement a solution.

Task List
Identify the object that can be used to solve the above problem
Draft the stored procedure on paper

Create the stored procedure in the database Check the existence of the procedure in the database Execute the procedure

Identify the object that can be used to solve the above Problem
Result:
Use a stored procedure to reduce network traffic and reduce the errors committed by the HR personnel

Draft the stored procedure on paper
The CREATE PROCEDURE Statement Syntax CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name AS BEGIN sql_statement1 sql_statement2 END

Draft the stored procedure on paper (Contd.)
Result: The database in which the stored procedure has to be created is Recruitment The type of procedure is user-defined The name for the stored procedure is prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList

Create the stored procedure in the database
Action:
In the Query Analyzer window, type: CREATE PROCEDURE prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList AS BEGIN PRINT 'List of Recruitment Agencies' SELECT cName, vAddress, cCity, cZip, cPhone, cFax FROM RecruitmentAgencies END
Press F5 to execute the statement

Check the existence of the procedure in the database
The sp_helptext Command is used to check the existence of a procedure in the database Syntax sp_helptext proc_name Action In the Query Analyzer window, type: sp_helptext prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList Check the result. The output must be the code that you wrote to create the procedure

Execute the procedure
The EXECUTE PROCEDURE statement is used to execute the stored procedure Syntax EXECUTE proc_name
or
EXEC proc_name or
proc_name

Execute the procedure (Contd.)
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: EXECUTE prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList or EXEC prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList or
prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList
Press F5 to execute the command

Just a Minute
The query to obtain the list of candidates and their recruitment agencies is: SELECT 'Candidate Name' = vFirstName , 'Recruitment Agency' = cName
FROM ExternalCandidate
JOIN RecruitmentAgencies ON ExternalCAndidate.cAgencyCode = RecruitmentAgencies.cAgencyCode
Create a stored procedure for the same.

9.D.2 Creating a Generic Stored Procedure
Information on contract recruiters in a particular city is required frequently.The city for which details are required changes from time to time. Create a stored procedure that will generate information for a specified city

Task List
Identify a method to write a generic procedure that will generate results for variable inputs Draft statements to create a procedure Create the stored procedure in the database Check the existence of the procedure in the database Prepare test cases with existing and non-existing values Execute the procedure with the existing value Execute the procedure with the non-existing value

Identify a method to write a generic procedure that will generate results for variable inputs
Parameter
A parameter is a placeholder in a query or a stored procedure that accepts a user-defined value whenever the query or stored procedure is executed
Types of Parameters
Input parameters Output parameters
Result:
As the city name will be supplied by the user, use input parameters

Draft statements to create a procedure
Result: The variable name is @cCity The datatype of the variable is char of size 15. So, the variable needs to be declared, as shown below: @cCity char(15)

Create the stored procedure in the database
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: CREATE PROC prcListContractRecruiter @cCity char(15) AS BEGIN PRINT 'List of Contract Recruiters' SELECT cName,cCity,cZip,cPhone FROM ContractRecruiter WHERE cCity = @cCity END Press F5 to execute the query

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: sp_helptext prcListContractRecruiter Check the result
Prepare test cases with the existing and non-existing values

Action:
Test for a city, which exists in the ContractRecruiter table: Alexandria

Test for a city, which does not exist in the ContractRecruiter table: Boston

Execute the procedure with the existing value
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: prcListContractRecruiter Alexandria Press F5 to execute the procedure
Execute the procedure with the non-existing value

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: prcListContractRecruiter Boston Press F5 to execute the procedure

9.D.3 Modifying a Stored Procedure
Details of the recruitment agencies for a particular city are required. The city for which the data is required varies from time to time. Instead of creating a new procedure, modify the existing prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList procedure to meet this requirement. In the new procedure, if no value is passed to the procedure, it should display 'Usage: prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList <city>' and stop execution.

Task List
Identify a method to modify the existing procedure Draft statements to modify a procedure Verify that the procedure has been modified Execute the procedure

Identify a method to modify the existing procedure
The ALTER PROCEDURE Statement is used to modify an existing procedure. The Default Parameter You can use default parameters to pass value to the stored procedure in case no value is passed to it. The value passed as default value must be a constant value or NULL. Result:
Use the ALTER PROCEDURE statement to modify the procedure.

Identify a method to modify the existing procedure (Contd.)
Use NULL as the default parameter to the procedure. If no value is passed to the procedure parameter, the parameter would contain a NULL value. If the value of the parameter is NULL, the procedure should display a message explaining the usage of the procedure.
Draft statements to modify a procedure

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: ALTER PROCEDURE prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList @city char(15)=NULL

Draft statements to modify a procedure (Contd.)
AS BEGIN IF @city is null BEGIN PRINT 'Usage: prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList <city>' RETURN END PRINT 'List of Recruitment Agencies' SELECT cName,vAddress,cZip,cPhone FROM RecruitmentAgencies WHERE cCity = @city END

Draft statements to modify a procedure (Contd.)
Press F5 to execute the query In the above code, the RETURN statement passes the control back to the position from where it was called

Verify that the procedure has been modified
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: sp_helptext prcPrintrecruitmentAgencyList Press F5 to execute the query

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: EXEC prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList Alexandria Press F5 to execute the query

Execute the procedure (Contd.)
In case you do not pass any parameter to the procedure by typing: prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList you will get the following output:
Usage: prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList <city>

9.D.4 Notifying Successful Execution
Modify the prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList procedure to notify users of its successful execution

Task List
Identify a method to write a procedure that will return a value Draft the procedure Modify the procedure in the database Check that the procedure has been modified in the database Execute the procedure

Identify a method to write a procedure that will return a value
The RETURN Keyword You use the RETURN statement to return values from a stored procedure
Syntax
RETURN value Result:
The RETURN statement can be used to return values from a stored procedure

Draft the procedure
Result: The batch statements for creating the stored procedure are as follows: ALTER PROCEDURE prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList @city char(15) AS BEGIN
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM RecruitmentAgencies

WHERE cCity=@city)

Draft the procedure (Contd.)
BEGIN PRINT 'List of Recruitment Agencies' SELECT cName,vAddress,cZip,cPhone FROM RecruitmentAgencies
WHERE cCity = @city

Return 0 END ELSE BEGIN PRINT 'No Records Found for given city' RETURN 1 END END

Modify the procedure in the database
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList Press F5 to execute the statement

Check that the procedure has been modified in the database
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: sp_helptext prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList Press F5 to execute the statement

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: DECLARE @ReturnValue int EXEC @ReturnValue = prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList 'Alexandria' SELECT @ReturnValue Press F5 to execute the statement. When the above statements are executed, the value returned by the procedure prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList would be stored in the variable @ReturnValue. This value would be displayed by the SELECT statement

9.D.5 Calling One Procedure From Another
Details about the recruitment agencies and the contract recruiters in a city are required in a single report. Create a single procedure that uses the existing procedures for the report

Task List
Identify a method to modify the existing procedure Create the procedure in the database Check the existence of the procedure in the database Execute the procedure with parameters

Identify a method to write a procedure that will use an existing procedure
Nested Procedures You can execute or call one procedure from within another procedure
Result:
Create a new stored procedure that will call the existing procedures

Create the procedure in the database
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: CREATE PROCEDURE prcDisplayBoth @city char(15) AS BEGIN EXEC prcListContractRecruiter @city EXEC prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList @city END Press F5 to execute the statement

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: sp_helptext prcDisplayBoth Press F5 to execute the statement
Execute the procedure with parameters

Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type:
prcDisplayBoth 'Alexandria'
Press F5 to execute the statement

Just a Minute
You need to modify a stored procedure. Which command will you use to modify the procedure?

9.D.6 Returning Multiple Output Values
A formatted report of the status of positions available in the company is to be displayed. Create a procedure, prcGetPositionDetail which will return the position description, the budgeted manpower and the current strength of employees for a given position. Create another procedure called prcDisplayPositionStatus that will display cRequisitionCode, vRegion, and siNoOfVacancy from the Requisition table. The procedure prcDisplayPositionStatus should also call the prcGetPositionDetail procedure and display the values returned by it for position '0002' in the following format:

9.D.6 Returning Multiple Output Values (Contd.)
The Status for the Position: Maketing Budgeted Strength Current Strength cRequisitionCode vRegion : 100 : 83 siNoOfVacancy Manager
---------------- -------------------- ---------000002 Texas 11

Task List
Identify a method to write a generic procedure that will return more than one value Create the procedure in the database Check whether the procedure exists in the database Execute the procedure with parameters

Identify a method to write a generic procedure that will return more than one value
The OUTPUT Parameter - is used to return more than one value from the procedure
Syntax CREATE PROC[EDURE] procedure_name [ {@parameter data_type} [OUTPUT] ] AS sql_statement [...n] Result:
Use CREATE PROCEDURE with the OUTPUT option


Create the procedure in the database
Action: In the Query Analyzer Window, type the statements given below. CREATE PROCEDURE prcGetPositionDetail @Pcode char(4), @Description char(30) OUTPUT, @budget int OUTPUT, @CurrentStrength int OUTPUT AS BEGIN IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Position WHERE cPositionCode = @PCode)

Create the procedure in the database (Contd.)
BEGIN SELECT @Description = vDescription,@budget = iBudgetedStrength, @CurrentStrength = iCurrentStrength FROM Position WHERE cPositionCode=@Pcode RETURN 0 END ELSE RETURN 1 END Press F5 to execute

Create the procedure in the database (Contd.)
In the Query Analyzer Window, type: CREATE PROCEDURE prcDisplayPositionStatus @PCode char(4) AS BEGIN DECLARE @Description char(30) DECLARE @budget int DECLARE @CurrentStrength int DECLARE @ReturnValue int EXEC @ReturnValue = prcGetPositionDetail @Pcode, @Description output, @Budget output, @CurrentStrength output
Implementing Stored Procedures Create the procedure in the database (Contd.)

IF (@ReturnValue = 0) BEGIN PRINT 'The Status for the Position: ' + @Description
PRINT 'Budgeted Strength : ' char(30), @budget)
+ CONVERT(
PRINT 'Current Strength : ' + CONVERT (char(30), @CurrentStrength) SELECT cRequisitionCode,vRegion, siNoOfVacancy FROM Requisition WHERE cPositionCode=@Pcode
Implementing Stored Procedures Create the procedure in the database (Contd.)

END ELSE PRINT 'No records for the given position code' END Press F5 to execute

Check whether the procedure exists in the database
In the Query Analyzer window, type and execute the following statements: sp_helptext prcGetPositionDetail go
sp_helptext prcDisplayPositionStatus
go

Execute the procedure with parameters
Action: In the Query Analyzer window, type: prcDisplayPositionstatus '0002' Press F5 to execute Verify that the required output is displayed

The RECOMPILE Option
To generate an updated execution plan, you must recompile the stored procedure, each time you execute the stored procedure Syntax
CREATE PROCEDURE RECOMPILE]

AS
proc_name
[WITH
sql_statements

The DROP PROCEDURE Statement
Is used to drop a stored procedure from the database Syntax DROP PROCEDURE proc_name You cannot retrieve a procedure once it is dropped

Extended Stored Procedures
Allow you to create your own external routines in a programming language such as C Are Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) that SQL Server can dynamically load and execute

Summary
In this lesson, you learned that:
A stored procedure is a collection of various T-SQL statements that are stored under one name and executed as a single unit
A stored procedure can be created either in the Enterprise Manager or in the Query Analyzer window with the CREATE PROCEDURE statement
A stored procedure allows you to declare parameters, variables, and use T-SQL statements and programming logic A stored procedure provides better performance, security, and accuracy, and reduces network congestion

Summary (Contd.)
The various types of stored procedures are:
User-defined System
Temporary
Remote Extended
A stored procedure accepts and returns data through the following:

Input parameters

Summary (Contd.)
Output parameters
Return statements A stored procedure can be executed using the EXECUTE statement A stored procedure can be altered using the ALTER PROCEDURE statement A stored procedure can be viewed using the sp_help and the sp_helptext system procedures To generate an updated execution plan, you must recompile the stored procedure each time you execute the stored procedure

Summary (Contd.)
To recompile a stored procedure automatically, you must create the stored procedure with a WITH RECOMPILE option
A stored procedure can be dropped using the DROP PROCEDURE statement Extended stored procedures are Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) that SQL Server can dynamically load and execute

SQL9

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Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Draft the stored procedure on paper

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Create a stored procedure for the same.

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Prepare test cases with the existing and non-existing values

Test for a city, which exists in the ContractRecruiter table: Alexandria

Implementing Stored Procedures

Execute the procedure with the non-existing value

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Use the ALTER PROCEDURE statement to modify the procedure.

Implementing Stored Procedures

Draft statements to modify a procedure

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Execute the procedure

Implementing Stored Procedures

Usage: prcPrintRecruitmentAgencyList <city>

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM RecruitmentAgencies

Implementing Stored Procedures

WHERE cCity = @city

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Execute the procedure with parameters

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

---------------- -------------------- ---------000002 Texas 11

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures

Use CREATE PROCEDURE with the OUTPUT option

Implementing Stored Procedures

Implementing Stored Procedures