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What is an IR ?
Infrared radiation exists in the electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength that is longer than visible light. Objects that generate heat also generate infrared radiation such as animals and the human body.
In the Electromagnetic spectrum the infrared radiation covers the range from 300 GHz (1 mm) to 400 THz (750 nm). It can be divided into far-Infrared, midinfrared, near infrared. In this section we mainly concentrate on mid-infrared because this range finds many applications in human life like TV remote control, object counter, etc., The mid-range IR ranges from 30 to 120 THz (10 to 2.5 m). Hot objects (like black body radiators) can radiate strongly in this range. It is absorbed by molecular vibrations, where the different atoms in a molecule vibrate around their equilibrium positions. So many IR diodes available in the market. These diodes also called as mid-range infrared diodes. One of the IR diode manufacturers is VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY.
Fosc =
-----------------------> (1)
Fosc = 38 kHz, assume C1 =0.01F(always assume a fixed value capacitor because variable capacitor is difficult to find). Substitute these values in equ (1) Therefore, (Ra+2Rb) = = 3,763. Consider Ra as a fixed resistor = 1K(say). Obviously Rb = 1.382K. Practically, these resistor values may not generate exact 38 kHz signal. Hence for R2 value I use a POT (potentio meter or variable resistor). Use an oscilloscope to
observe the signal at output pin3. Adjust the POT (variable resistor) until the signal at output is a 38 kHz. Now similarly, generate 1 kHz signal with duty cycle less than 50%. Because the IR detector (TSOP) does not continuously detect the signal, it requires gap time between two detections see the image. The detection period is called burst time. Burst length should be 10 cycles/burst or longer. After each burst which is between 10 cycles and 70cycles a gap time of at least 14 cycles is necessary. Note: This gap time should have at least same length as the burst. For this purpose it is necessary to generate the message signal (1 kHz) with a duty cycle less than 50%.
NOTE: so many people facing problem with IR transmitter is distance that it cover. Because of modulation we can transmit IR rays over a long distance. we if the distance is increased we should provide more VCC supply(~ 12V) then the signal strength is good