A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S.D.Vasudeva Wolfson College Oxford January 19, 2002

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S. xiiimed

1 dhamdipacakptaye// ahimsdiganam tyaktv tyaktvstrydiganam yatih/ namaskrtya gurum sidhyed anus.thnd yatvarah// //svasti purah svasti madhye svasti prnte transcription a n a a a a . . s . a . . a a . a . . . . . nrjanmanm/ asti sarv a. a . 2 tman laksm bhogamoksayut dhrtih// //adhikravat sarvaduhkhtyantavimoksanam/ astu nrnm anus.thnt trivargair jvabhrtsudh// //as.tdaaatair esa divya . a sa a a . a . . . . . ..a . a a . .a ss . . a gamapracoda 3 nah/ samhit ambhusamproktn mahlaksmmatevarah// //iti catu- 87 rviatisahasrarmahmatasrarmahlaksmmatabhat.trake katipayasdhanakathano nmaa a . s . ns s a a s a . a a .a . . as . . 4 daama nandah// //samptah rmahlaksmmatabhat.traka i- ti// //astyadhikasamyte samvatsaraatatraye/ msi caitre site pakse pacamym bhrguvsas a a .s a . a a s a n a. . a . . . . 5 re//mahmatbdhih pysam rmallaksmmatam hitam/ dhmato samkhyaplasya punyajnavivrddhaye//kyasthodayaharsena harsena likhitam drutam/ bhrntisaa a . u. . s a a a . . . . . . . . . . na . . nayadoso s . 6 insdhanyo hi dhdhanaih//yady aksaraparibhras.tamtrhna ca yad bhavet/ ksamtum arhasi tat ppam likhitam mamdabuddhineti// bhmasypi bhaved bhago a a . a n . . a a n . . . . . muner api matibhramah/ ya . 7 4 n tath likhitam lekhako nsti dosatah// //mahrjdhirjaparamevaraparamamhevaraparamabhat.trakarmajJayabhmadevarjye// //iti magalamahr h// a a a aa a s a s a n as . . . .a s .
Codex: nak pra- 1320; fol. 87; 310 60 mm. Mahlaksmmatabhattarakah. Palma . . . . leaf, samvat 380 = 1260 ce, written by the Kyastha Udayaharsa. Scribal dialect: a . . Prs.thamtra e ando. The ligaturerva differs from dha merely by the thinness of the a .. r- element (see line 2: sarvaduhkh). This preconsonantal r is often so faint that it is . a easily missed (see line 2: varggair jva). The vertical dandas of medial and can be a .. shortened following conjunct consonants. Avagraha is used (see line 4: site). Aspect: Upright and compressed. Slight slant to the left. Approximates a twoline script with superscript anusvra line. Codicology: A single hole for binding just left of the centre. a Seven lines per folio.

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? . a Yogap.tha Concurrent usage of Kutila and Licchavi- derived Ngar hands: .

Tattvaratnval Use of Pla hands in Nepal: a a

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S. xiex

1 2 3 4 5 6

prnam tasysan vet// prnam raktasamrdham raktam krodhsanasthitam mahklsanakrodham mahkla[m] sini . . . a. . a a. . a u. . a a aa aa . as . . . rdham snyu vgam urdhagam/ dhruvnte sarvam rdhan ndavinduvibhsitam // etat sarvngadehesu nysam kurvta yatnatah // na bhayam vidma u . . a a s a a u. a u. a a . . . . sya trailokye sacarcare y s devi par guhy mlin mtrikodbhav/ bhsayant svatejena mlitam sacarcaram// tasyoddhram param gu a a a a a a a a a a . a a . . hyam rnusvekgramnas/ meso nma mahrudro mlavidydisamsthitah//tadvarnnam irasi nyastam ndindevisamyutam/ bh simadhyagata a a a u a . a. . a . s. . . a . .. . s . a . . m varnnam lohitasyopari sthitam// grasanti samkhyt samsthit vaktramandale/ bhrabhtya ti thi caiva nsikgre vyavasthit // daksagandasthal e a aa . a a u s a a a . .. .. . . .. vmam ete varnn napumsakh // nivrtyye pratis.thye vidyye ntim eva ca/ es devi iroml mlinirasi sthith/ a a a. a sa s a a a s a. . a . a .a ..
atha ya da ekda ym li khitam ida m mahpustakam iti //. Scribal dialect: a s a. a . Anusvras are preferred to homorganic nasals. Prs.thamtr e ando. Aspect: Upright, a a a .. evenly spaced. The top serifs are attened hooks. Codicology: A single hole for binding just left of the centre. Six lines per folio.

transcription

Codex: nak 1259, Pramevarmata, 280 45 mm, palmleaf. The ms is contina s ued in nak pra- 1606 Aghoranirnayah, e.g. the 40th patala of the Pramevarmata. a s . . . Dated to samvat 19x: the nal cipher is illegible, the range is thus 10701079 ce. Final . colophon: // iti rPramevarmate navakotisamhitym caturtisahasre aghoranirnna s a s as . . a a. .. ya catvrimatimah// // patalah samptah // // iti mandala1 mahr // // samvat s a .s a . as . . . ..

1 Wrong formagala. n

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S. xiiiin

transcription 1 naih hrdyaih gobhr avahemajdibhih/ pradaksinaatam kuryt ss.tmgam ca namaskram/ krtam rambhastrasya vykhylekhanakesu ca// ye samptam varrohe a a a. a . . a . . a sa a a a . a . s .. s . . . . . . . krtv siddhiprado bhavet/ a a . 2 thav na krte devi vilopt[ ] maranam bhavet// pathyate nirayed ghore yvad khyamam as.takam/ idam rahasyakaulgamo gopanyam prayatnatah// gopan t siddh y ate a a [a] a a a . a . . . . . . . sarvam satyam satyam na amsayah s . . . . . 3 idnm paramam guhyam caturvimasahasrakam// kulatamtre catuh proktam as.tvimam sahasrakam////iti rmahmanthnabhairavayaje atakotipravistrne a a . s a a n s . . . . .s . . . . .a .s . . 4 nvaye navakotyvatre rcaturvimatishasre tamtrbhidhne namaskrrvdavarnnano nma trinavatimah patalah// samptam rrmatbhat.trakam samprnnam/ a a as a a a . s s . a a s .a .s a . a .. . . . . . u . .a . /// 5 samvat 339 mghauklapratipad[ ]// rjdhirjaparame- varaparamabhat.trakarmadarimalladeva sya vijayarjye/ likhitam idam pustakam////svabham astu/// a s [a] a a a s a .a s .
/ Codex: nak 11151;Manthnabhairava;ff.222,palmleaf,samvat339 = 1219ce.Scribal scripts are attened to approximate Pla/Sena style scripts. Codicology: A single a a . dialect: Anusvras are preferred to homorganic nasals. Prs.thamtre ando. Aspect: hole for binding just left of the centre. Six lines per folio. a a a .. Upright and compressed. Slight slant to the right. The hooked top serifs of the Kutila .

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S. xiiimed

1 2 3 4

jet/ kumla candrccanam khytam sarvvrccanaphalaphadam////payodamanthnayogt surair amrtam uddhrtam/ pacimnvayasro yam anus.thnati a . a a a s a a . . . . a . . .a . . . lakam param// nityhnikam svagotrnm olitraya- m udritam/ gurucaranarenun jayena paramrthinm// samgrahtam par a a. a . a a a. . a . . . . . . mrtam rmatrkam.thasnun/ likhitayajanaambhoh sram grhya divye sukhavisayanidhnah svarggmoksekahetuh/ u. a s a. a . a . . . s s . . . a . paratarapa ra bhym arccakh pmtu vrjayajayaparayh sarvvaygdhirjah//// iti rmatpacisanyaNityhnikati aa a. a . a a. aa a . s s sa a 1 lakam samptam//// lokmka 1500//samvata 389 phlguni uklatipram anicaravsare likhitam iti//r khvapvamiva a . s a. a s a. s s a s . .s 2 galatvlakdhivinayauvukvakemkrama cryanyakasya nitatilakapustham//subham astu////// a a as aa a . . .
=

transcription

Codex: ngmpp B26/22, Nityhnikatilaka, 280 45 mm, palmleaf, dated samvat 389 a . 1269 ce, 122 folios. Currently in the National Archives in Kathmandu. Scribal dialect: Anusvra is preferred to homorganic nasals. This is not consequent: note a samvat fol. 1221 . A small diagonal slash (transcribed by ) is occasionally used to indi-

cate the end of words or compound separation: note fol. 1213 divyesukha. Aspect: Slight slant to the right. Appears compressed. The medial vowel (sometimes even mediali, note fol. 1212 paramrthinm) does often not extend above the irorekha line. a a. s Codicology: A single holde for binding just left of the centre. Four lines per folio.

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

S. xiiex

transcription 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8

. . . typinnityyda//9// kulanity tu pratham vakrevari dvityak/ trty tvaritm akul caturthikm/ pacamm lalit sas.th ca a aa a a s a .a a a a. n a. a . . a ndsamjk/ saptam nlapatk as.tam kmamagal/ vyomavypinidev ca navam siddhidyik/ navanity kramenaiva ane raktapamkaje/ aa . a n a a a a a as . . . na a . . tripur devadevea jtv hramam anusmaret// //ity dyvatre mahmanthnabhairavayaje anvaye saptakotipramne merumrggavi a s na a a a a a a n a. a . nirggate laksapddhike dyap.thva- trite vidyp.thamrgge vimalabhedo ntarasatkanirnnaye kdibhede svjpramevare v a a a a a a a na a s sa . a a . . .. sinmate rcaturviatishasre avvmabhsite rmate ekavrtripurbhidhne navanityygdhikravarnnane kramoda s ns a a a. s a a a aaa a .. yo nmnandah////nandatu sdhakasiddhasamm ha m nandatu siddhaguro h kulageham namdatu yogiganam gurugotram/ namda a a a . . u . . . . . . . . tu kdimatam supa////vitram////hastd dhvastam ksitau ksiptam utksiptam caikapnin/ uccair yad vcitam ntha pustakam tat ksamasva me// // a a a. a a . a . . . . . . . . . . samastasvakriyope[ ]tarmadgunakmadevasambhujyanepladearjye/ svasti samvat 306 kyastharmahdevena likhitam // [ta] s a a s a a s a . . . a . . a s s s s sa . aa a rrbhogevara/ rkarmmambhava cryasya pustakam likhitam// yath dras.tam tath likhatam lekhako nsti doksakah// ubham astu sarvvad// . . s . .a . .

Codex: nak 2118, Manthnabhairava, ff. 189, palmleaf, samvat 306 = 1186ce. Scribal ham. . .geham. Prs.thamtr e ando. Aspect: Slight slant to the right. The top serifs a a a .. . dialect: Mediali is usually a pure superscript with no danda Anusvras are preferred are straight. Only very rarely has the scribe lapsed into barely discernable hooks. a .. to homorganic nasals. Final m can be written as anusvra or a loop with virma see Codicology: A single hole for binding just left of the centre. Nine lines per folio. a a line 8: likhitam. A hastily executed form of this occurs without virma in line 6:samma . . u

Indian and Nepalese Paleography

Banerjee, Manabendu Sanskrit inscriptions of Nepal: a politico-social study of the inscriptions of the time of Amuvarman, Jisnugupta, and Visnugupta, .. .. .s 7th century A.D., Calcutta 1985. Bhagav L an- ala, Indr ; B hler, Johann Georg Twenty-three inscripaj u tions from Nepl. ed. by Bhagvnll Indrj, together with some a a a a considerations on the chronology of Nepl, Bombay 1885. a Bhattacharyya, Alakananda Nepalese inscriptions in pre-Newari eras : an annotated bibliography Calcutta 1994. Bendall, C. Catalogue of Buddhist Sanskrit manuscripts in the University library, Cambridge 1992. B hler, G. Indische Paleographie: von circa 350 A. Chr.circa 1300 P. Chr., mit 17 u Tafeln in Mappe, Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde, 1. Bd. 11. Heft, hrsg. v. G.B hler, Strassburg u 1896. Dani, A.H. Indian Paleography, Oxford 1963. Falk, H. Schrift im alten Indien: Ein Forschungsbericht mit Anmerkungen, 1993. Gnoli, R. Nepalese Inscriptions in Gupta Characters, Roma 1956. von Hin ber, O. Der Beginn der Schrift und frhe Schriftlichkeit in Indien, 1989. u u Hoernle, R.A.F. The Bower Manuscript, A.S.I., Calcutta 18931912. Jo Harir s ama Neplako prcna abhilekha, Nepla Rjakya Praj -Pratisha a a a na , thna, Kthamdaum 1974. a. a. . . a a a Kaul Deambi, B. K. Corpus of Srad inscriptions of Kashmir: with special refa a erence to origin and development of Srad script, Delhi 1982. Levi, Sylvain Note sur les manuscrits sanscrits provenant de Bamiyan (Afghanistan) et de Gilgit (Cachemire), Journal Asiatique 1932,

pp. 145. L ders, H. BruchstckeBuddhistischer Dramen,Monographien zurindischen u u Archologie, Kunst und Philologie, Bd. 1, 1979. a Mathur Inscriptions, Gttingen 1961. a o Mahalingan, T.V. Early South Indian Paleography, Madras 1967. Mehendale, M. A. Historical grammar of inscriptional Prakrits, Deccan College dessertation series 3, Poona 1948. Mukherji, R. & Maity, S.K. Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions, Calcutta 1967. M ller, F.M. & Nanuio, B. The Ancient Palm Leaves (Horiuzu Palm Leaf u MSS), Anecdota Oxoniensia, vol. 1 pt. 3, Oxford 1884. Regmi, D. R. Inscriptions of ancient Nepal, 3 vols., New Delhi 1983 Salomon, Richard Indian epigraphy : a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages South Asia research (New York, N.Y.), New York ; Oxford 1998. Sander, L. Palographisches zu den Sanskrithandschriften der Berliner Tura fanfunde, Verzeichniss der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland,hrsg.v.W.Voigt,Supplementband 8,Wiesbaden 1968. Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden, Verzeichniss der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, Bd. 10 1965. ` Einige neue Aspekte zur Entwicklung der Brhm in Gilgit a und Bamiyan (ca. 2.7. Jh. n. Chr.), Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien hrsg. v. K.Rohrborn und W. Venker, Verffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaca 16, Wiesbaden o 1983. .a a & Hoffman, H. Bruchstcke des Atn.tikastra aus dem zentralasiatisu u chen Sanskritkanon der Buddhisten, Kleinere Sanskrit-Texte, Heft

A Kutila Lettre Batarde ? .

5, Monographien zur indischen Archologie, Kunst und Philoloa gie, Bd. 3, Stuttgart 1987. Origin and Date of the Bower Manuscript, a New Approach, Investigating Indian Art, Berlin 1987. Sircar, D.C. Select Inscriptions, vol. 1 Calcutta 1965, vol. 2, Delhi 1983. Indian Epigraphical Glossary, Delhi 1966. Thomas, F.W. Brhm script in Central Asian Sanskrit Manuscripts, Asia atica, Festschrift fr Weller, Leipzig 1954, pp. 667700. u Vajracharya, D.V. Licchavi Klako Abhilekha, Kathmandu V.S. 2003. a Verma, Thakur Prasad; Singh, A. K. A corpus of the Lichchhavi inscriptions of Nepal, Heritage of ancient India 33, New Delhi 1994.

Paleography and Codicology

Bischoff, B. Kalligraphie in Bayern, Achtes bis zwlftes Jahrhundert, 000. o Latin paleography, Antiquity and middle ages, Cambridge 1990. & Lieftinck, G.I. & Batteli, G. Nomenclature des critures livresques e e e e du IX au XVI si`cle, Paris 1953. Hill, G.F. The development of Arabic numerals in Europe, Oxford 1915. Jemolo,V & Morelli, M. Guida a una Descrizione Uniforma dei Manoscritti e al lora censimento, ICCU, Roma 1990.

Ker, N.R. & Piper, A.J. Medieval Manuscripts in British Libraries, Oxford 1992. Muzerelle, D. Vocabulaire codicalogique: rpertoire mthodique des termes e e francais relatifs aux manuscrits, Comit international de paleeogra e phie. Ohly, K. Stichometrische Untersuchungen, 1928. Palmer, N.F. Von der Palographie zur Literaturwissenschaft, Anlsslich a a von Karin Schneider, Gotische Schriften in deutscher Sprache, Bd. 1, Beitrge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Litera atur, 113. Band 2. Heft, hrsg. v. K.Grubm ller, M.Reis & u B.Wachinger, T bingen 1991, pp. 213250. u Parkes, M.B. English cursive bookhands 12501500, Scolar Press, Ilkley 1979. Samaran, C. Catalogue des manuscrits en criture latine portant des indications e de date, de lieu ou de copiste, C.N.R.S., Paris 19591985. Schneider, K. Gotische Schriften in Deutscher Sprache vom 12. Jahrhundert bis um 1300, Wiesbaden 1987. Watson, A.G. Catalogue of dated and datable manuscripts c. 4351600 in Oxford libraries, Oxford 1984. Wilson, N. Mediaeval Greek Bookhands: Examples selected from Greek manuscripts in Oxford libraries, Mediaeval Academy of America No. 81, 1973. ? Introduction to Greek and Latin paleography, Oxford 1912.