16 Pres

Class-S Power Amplier Concept for Mobile Communications in Rural Areas with Concurrent Transmission at 450 MHz and
900 MHz
Martin Schmidt, Johannes Digel, Manfred Berroth Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart, Germany
University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
1
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Outline Motivation
Challenges for basestation suppliers Class-S principle
Architecture
Modulator lowpass prototype Multi path transform 5 path transform spectrum and SNR
Concurrent Transmission in both Frequency Bands

Output spectrum Comparison of notches of both frequency bands
Stability
Stability vs. input amplitudes Explanation of stability limit
Coding Efciency
Total output power and signal output power Single tone coding efciency and combined coding efciency
Conclusion
2
Motivation

3
Motivation: Flexibility is Key Challenges: High requirements . . .

Increasing number of standards,
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE, . . . )
frequency bands and use cases
(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
(coverage vs. data rate)
in different markets.
(Europe, North America, China, . . . )

4

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
. . . and high design efforts and costs.

Analog properties in advanced CMOS technologies deteriorate Development in advanced CMOS nodes is expensive
4

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
Need for exibility

4

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
Need for exibility

and better designs / less design cycles

4

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Conventional Heterodyne Transmitter
Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF

5

Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF
Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter

5

Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF
Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter

5

Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF
Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
SwitchingAnalog mode PA Filter Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator

5

Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF
Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter

5

Baseband Processor
0 LO 90
HF
Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter

5

Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter
The class-S amplier concept is a Software Dened Radio solution. In general it

offers exibility, low design effort,
low power consumption and
reduces number of analog components.

5

Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter
This presentation is about a special system for concurrent transmission in the 450 MHz and the 900 MHz band. Main benet: One solution for different use cases - coverage vs. data rate

5

Class-S Transmitter
Baseband Processor
Upsampler and Mixer
BPDSM
Switchingmode PA
Analog Filter
This presentation is about a special system for concurrent transmission in the 450 MHz and the 900 MHz band. Main benet: One solution for different use cases - coverage vs. data rate Only Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator is treated here
5
Modulator Architecture

6
Modulator Lowpass Prototype
1/32
z 1 z 1
z 1
1/16
1/4
1/2

7
Lowpass Prototype Output Spectrum

0
20
40 Output power [dB]
60
80
100
120
140
0.2
0.4 0.6 Normalized Frequency / fs
0.8

8
1/32
z 1 z 1
z 1
1/16
1/4
1/2
transform z 1 z n

9
1/32
z 1 z 1
z 1
1/16
1/4
1/2
transform z 1 z n
1/32
z n z n
z n
1/16
1/4
1/2

9
LPDSM 1:n DEMUX n:1 MUX LPDSM
LPDSM equivalent
1/32
z n z n
z n
1/16
1/4
1/2

9
0 20
n=2
Output power [dB]
20
n=3
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
0.2
0.8
140
0.2
0.8
20
n=4
Output power [dB]
20
n=5
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
0.2
0.8
140
0.2
0.8

10
Output Spectrum for Transform with n=5

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

11
Output Spectrum for Transform with n=5

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

11
Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Single Sinusoids in Both Frequency Bands

85 80 75 70 SNR [dB] 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 0 10 20 30 40 Bandwidth [MHz] 50 60 SNR @ 450 MHz SNR @ 900 MHz

12
Concurrent Transmission in Frequency Bands at 450 MHz and at 900 MHz

13
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14

0
20
Output power [dB]
40
60
80
100
120 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency [GHz] 2

14
Zoom into Output Spectrum for Frequency Bands @1/5, 2/5fs

Frequency 935MHz .. 960MHzband [MHz]
928 0 931 934 937.1 940.1 943.1 946.2 949.2 952.2 955.2 958.3 961.3 0
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
455.6
458.6
461.7
464.7
467.7
470.7
473.8
476.8
479.8
482.9
485.9
488.9
Frequency 460MHz .. 467MHzband [MHz]

Normalized Output Power [dB]
15
Stability

16
Area of Stability: Denition
85 80 75 70 SNR [dB] 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 0 10 20
SNR @ Amplitudein=3300
Modulator is considered stable until SNR @bandwidth20 MHz drops by 3dB from maximum SNR at this point
30 40 Bandwidth [MHz]
50
60

17
85 80 75 70 SNR [dB] 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 0 10 20
SNR @ Amplitudein=3300 SNR @ Amplitudein=3400
Modulator is considered stable until SNR @bandwidth20 MHz drops by 3dB from maximum SNR at this point Here: SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300)
50
60

17
85 80 75 70 SNR [dB] 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 0 10 20
SNR @ Amplitudein=3300 SNR @ Amplitudein=3400 SNR @ Amplitudein=3500
Modulator is considered stable until SNR @bandwidth20 MHz drops by 3dB from maximum SNR at this point Here: SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300) SNR(3500)+3 dB>SNR(3400)
50
60

17
85 80 75 70 SNR [dB] 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 0 10 20
SNR @ Amplitudein=3300 SNR @ Amplitudein=3400 SNR @ Amplitudein=3500 SNR @ Amplitudein=3600
Modulator is considered stable until SNR @bandwidth20 MHz drops by 3dB from maximum SNR at this point Here: SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300) SNR(3500)+3 dB>SNR(3400) SNR(3600)+3 dB<SNR(3500) instable
50
60

17
Area of Stability
3500 Stability limit for signal @f=1/5f
3000
Stability limit for signal @f=2/5fs
2500 Amplitude @f=2/5f

s
2000
1500
1000
500
0 0
500
1000
1500 2000 2500 Amplitude @f=1/5f

s
3000
3500
4000

18
Explanation of Stability Limit

3 2.5 2 Normalized Amplitude 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 0 2 4 6 Discrete Time 8 10
sinusoid @f=1/5fs sinusoid @f=2/5fs combination of sinusoids

19
Explanation of Stability Limit

3 2.5 2 Normalized Amplitude 1.5 1
Sampling instants of one lowpass modulator
sinusoid @f=1/5fs sinusoid @f=2/5fs combination of sinusoids
LPDSM 1:5 DEMUX 5:1 MUX

19
LPDSM LPDSM LPDSM LPDSM
X
0.5 0 0.5 1 0 2 4 6 Discrete Time 8 10

Coding Efciency

20
Total Output Power and Signal Power (Separate & Combined)
Power spectral density

SDT (k ) = 1
NFFT NFFT 1 n=0
j2
x(n)e NFFT
nk

21
1.2
Normalized total output power Normalized signal output power Normalized single tone output power
Total output power

SDT (k ) = 1 =
NFFT NFFT 1 n=0
j2
x(n)e NFFT
NFFT 1 k =0
nk
Normalized Power
0.8
Ptot
0.6 0.4
NFFT 1 n=0
x 2 (n) =
2 SDT (k )
0.2
0 (0,0)
(1,0) (0,1) Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5f ,@f=2/5f )

s s
(0,0)

21
1.2
Normalized total output power Normalized signal output power Normalized single tone output power
Signal output power

SDT (k ) = 1 =
NFFT NFFT 1 n=0
j2
x(n)e NFFT
NFFT 1 k =0
nk
Normalized Power
0.8
0.6
Ptot SCT (k ) Psig
NFFT 1 n=0
x 2 (n) = SDT (k )
2 SDT (k )
0.4
= sinc
k NFFT
0.2
2 2 = SCT (k1 ) + SCT (k2 )
0 (0,0)
(1,0) (0,1) Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5f ,@f=2/5f )

s s
(0,0)

21
Coding Efciency
35 30
Combined output power single tone output power
Coding efciency
SDT (k ) = 1 =
NFFT NFFT 1 n=0
j2
x(n)e NFFT
NFFT 1 k =0
nk
Coding Efficiency [%]
25 20 15 10 5 0 (0,0)
Ptot SCT (k ) Psig

(1,0) (0,1) Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5fs,@f=2/5fs) (0,0)
NFFT 1 n=0
x 2 (n) = SDT (k )
2 SDT (k )
= sinc
k NFFT
2 2 = SCT (k1 ) + SCT (k2 )

2 2 SCT (k1 )+SCT (k2 ) NFFT 1 n=0
Psig Ptot
x 2 (n)

22
Coding Efciency vs. Input Amplitudes
40 Coding Efficiency [%] 30 20 10 0 1 1 0.5 0.4 Normalized Amplitude @f=1/5fs 0 0.2 0 Normalized Amplitude @f=2/5fs
23
0.8 0.6

Conclusion

24
Conclusion Summary
Class-S transmitter offers high exibility and low design effort For single tone transmission 60 dB SNR in 30 MHz bandwidth possible in both frequency bands Concurrent transmission in the two important frequency bands 450 MHz and 900 MHz Stability depends on sum of input amplitudes due to positive interference at one of the ve low pass modulators Combined coding efciency is better than coding efciency for single tone excitation

25
Conclusion Summary
Class-S transmitter offers high exibility and low design effort For single tone transmission 60 dB SNR in 30 MHz bandwidth possible in both frequency bands Concurrent transmission in the two important frequency bands 450 MHz and 900 MHz Stability depends on sum of input amplitudes due to positive interference at one of the ve low pass modulators Combined coding efciency is better than coding efciency for single tone excitation
Outlook
Analysis of linearity Probability density function of output pulse widths (memory effect in power amplier) Average transition frequency (switching losses in power amplier)
25
Thank you for your attention

26
Backup

27
SNR @ 450 MHz 3d Plot vs. Input Amplitudes
60 55 SNR [dB] 50 45 40 35 30 1 1 0.5 0.4 Normalized Amplitude @f=1/5fs 0 0.2 0 Normalized Amplitude @f=2/5fs
28
0.8 0.6

SNR @ 900 MHz 3d Plot vs. Input Amplitudes
60 55 SNR [dB] 50 45 40 35 30 1 1 0.5 0.4 Normalized Amplitude @f=1/5fs 0 0.2 0 Normalized Amplitude @f=2/5fs 0.8 0.6

29

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Class-S Power Amplier Concept for Mobile Communications in Rural Areas with Concurrent Transmission at 450 MHz and

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Concurrent Transmission in both Frequency Bands

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Flexibility is Key Challenges: High requirements . . .

frequency bands and use cases

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)

(coverage vs. data rate)

(Europe, North America, China, . . . )

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Flexibility is Key Challenges: High requirements . . .

frequency bands and use cases

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)

(coverage vs. data rate)

(Europe, North America, China, . . . )

. . . and high design efforts and costs.

Motivation: Flexibility is Key Challenges: High requirements . . .

frequency bands and use cases

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)

Need for exibility

(coverage vs. data rate)

(Europe, North America, China, . . . )

. . . and high design efforts and costs.

Motivation: Flexibility is Key Challenges: High requirements . . .

frequency bands and use cases

(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)

Need for exibility

(coverage vs. data rate)

(Europe, North America, China, . . . )

. . . and high design efforts and costs.

and better designs / less design cycles

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

SwitchingAnalog mode PA Filter Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

The class-S amplier concept is a Software Dened Radio solution. In general it

low power consumption and

reduces number of analog components.

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Motivation: Class-S Amplier

Upsampler and Mixer

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering

Modulator Lowpass Prototype

University of Stuttgart Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering