a Josep Maria Basin (Valencia) Repeating row and idiomaticitat 1 Introduction Repetition is a phenomenon that until recently had

been considered unimportant and had only one space studies retrica.1 But lately studies of conversation have shown the importance of repetition in the media and the various functions it performs. Repetition are a fairly recent topic for linguistic research, but they have alre ady created Substantial quite a body of literature. Repetition have turned out to be not onl y a very rewarding topic, but also a very large and multifaceted topic judicial and appro ached by phonologists, morphologists, syntacticians, psycholinguists, discourse Analys t, and pragmatists. (Jucker 1994: 47) Merritt (1994) gives ten reasons for the importance of repetition in the speech, which are the following: 1) Repetition is a universal phenomenon 2) Repetition is a fundamental mechanism in communication 3) The repetition associated with ritual 4) The repetition rate and synchrony facilitates group 5) Repetition is associated with learning and cognition In this paper, we study a kind of repetition is the most 'Unjustified' seems: the repetition of a word consecutively, as in (1a), and, by extension, repetition separated by the conjunction and (1b), which is re lated directly with the tautology: (1) a. He went far, far away b. There are men and women Such repetitions challenge the logicist conception of language whereby no sense to say the same word has been said. For 1 We thank Pilgrim Sancho your comments to this work. Josep Maria Basin 190 example, according to a chomskiana, at least in the classical models the generative, such phenomena represent obvious cases abnormalities attributable to the action and be put in the same boat as errors attributable to any circumstance that removes speech system represented by the speaker-listener ideal.2 But the fact is that these construct ions are common in many languages and nobody understands as defective. Moreover, semantic and pragmatic effects are associated with the structure demonstrate a formal and systematic in operation use language undeniable. Since the conception of cognitive linguistics, the paradox is not. We can treat these forms as constructions in which the apparent anomaly is linked to a sense of meaning and contexts of use, although iconic, are not predictable from the meanings of the components. Thus, it that equals (2a) to (2b): (2) a. The ship was very big b. The ship was very big Repetition is very redundant and, in the traditional sense, no sense. But the fact that (2a) and (2b) are correct grammatical and different from the point view of the meaning, the second version is quite intensive (very, very big equals enormous, while very large, not necessarily), ie, in this case, we consider the quality of the subject preached at a peak (As a relative superlative, long) or close to the maximum (as a superlative all the more). But apart from the difference of interpretation, there are differ ences pragmatic use associated: the (2b), the imaginary record

informal, oral or probably somehow linked to oral, like a fairytale. In this paper, after a general presentation of the treatment of repetition in general and the consecutive repetition in particular examine structures of consecutive repetition of a word, and relationship, reps coordinat ed with and, apparently show that repetition structures identical buildings reflect different language and see the effects of meaning associated with the constructions studied. To illustrate the analysis, we extracted instances of the examples of fables Enric Valor and we identified also other examples of texts in Catalan 2 However, Persson (1974): the work of Watt (1968), made from a transformational, which he considers one of the most important contributions to the subject of Repeat until the moment Persson wrote his book. Repeating row and idiomaticitat 191 in other languages to discuss a wide range of possibilities, although there may be always in Catalan, sometimes we can not find documented in this language. 2 The study of repetition As noted above, the repetition has been confined for many years to the study of rhetoric and has been considered as a mechanism to create aesthetic effects. However, during the eighties and especially the nineties were studies related increase in the analysis of the conversation, although the slope rhetoric linked to literary texts, continued to be prevalent as shown in revised monographs (Frederick, 1985) monographic devoted to the topic (Johnstone, 1994, Fischer, 1994; Bazzanella, 1996, issue of the magazine and the Text Number 7, 1987). Many studies confirm a duality in considering repetition, making be avoided in some cases and in others is weighted as necessary. Repetition is therefore a complex matter, with numerous interacting variables. A provisional That suggests immediate self-assessment repetition of syllables, morphemes, and words can be regarded as mostly bad, since they cause comprehension problems: th ey tendency to be filtered out as mistakes, or else treated as iterative. On the ot her hand, partial and other self-repetition repetition are good, since they aid comprehension and help conversational interchanges. However, this assessment is oversimple, and go odness or badness of repetition depends crucially on the circumstances In which it occu rred. (Aitchison, 1994: 27) We can distinguish four main areas of study repetition (cf. Johnstone 1994: 207-210 and Finnie, 1998): a) analyzing repetition as cohesive mechanism, in this regard, contributions are as Halliday and Hasan (1976), which differ lexical cohesion as a textual syntax or mechanisms cohesion within which include repetition, against phenomena grammatical cohesion as pronominalitzaci or ellipse. b) the question as rhetorical device, including studies advertising. Within this group, Johnstone (1994) studies differ dealing with the effects of semantic repetition, focusing especially on literature. c) highlighting the importance of repetition in language acquisition and education, as well as studies related disorders llen192 Josep Maria Basin guage and Creole languages (cf. Aitchison 1994; Bazzanella, 1999 Shepherd 1994).

d) linked to conversation analysis (cf. Tannen, 1987, 1989, Norrick, 1987, Jucker, 1994) .3 In Catalan, Finnie (1998) provides a good example of the latter approach. Based on Norrick (1987), the author classifies the starting reps the dichotomy that differentiates autorepeticions (repetition by the same speaker) of heterorepeticions (by two different speakers). His study of oral corpus, Finnie concludes that: i) autorepeticions are more common in conversation than heterorepeticions, ii) the frequency of occurrences linked to the registry (when there are more The text is interactive, informal and spontaneous) iii) the functions of the repetitions vary from one record to another. However, in the study are not clearly identified repetitions Finnie as we are concerned, probably because the body does not includes cases like this or does it only marginally. In his classification consecutive repetitions could only fit in the nature of semantics, between iconic and idiomatic. However there note that replays are not strictly consecutive semantic but lexical, as proposed by Persson (1974): what is repeated is but the concept of the word. 3 consecutive repetition of previous treatments Repetition is the row that has received less study in the literature we could find, which, as already mentioned, predominantly analyzes related to child language, literature, and recently the conversation. We highlight two specific contributions to the topic at hand: Persson (1974) and Jucker (1994). Persson is repeated in English and focuses on lexical repetition character sequence "immediate repetition of one or several identical items produced by one speaker or writer in a continuous Written or spoken sequence "(Persson, 1974: 11). Differentiates six types of repetition: intensifi er, emphatic, coordinated mimetic, simple and deliberate, exemplified with cases such as transcribed below: 3 Interestingly, this line is rarely mentioned even by authors who adopt, and Finnie (1998). Repeating row and idiomaticitat 193 a) Repeat intensifier (intensifying repetition, no. 2) (3) I. .. shut my eyes and stayed like that for a long, long time b) Repeat emphatic (emphatic repetition, no. 3) (4) The man is a fool! A fool! c) Repeat coordinated (repetition conjoined head. 4) (5) There were dogs and dogs all over the place d) Repeat mimetic (mimetic repetition, no. 5) (6) There was Drip, Drip, Drip from the tap e) Repeat simple (simple repetition, no. 6) (7) Lambs, my dear, Lambs may safely graze ... safely graze ... f) Repeat deliberate (purposive repetition, no 7). (8) "Anybody else hurt?" My mother was silent for a while ... "Anybody else Hurt, Mother? " Of these types, our work will focus on repetition intensifier and coordinated, are seen involving the consecutive repetition single-word identical. Mimetic repetition, closely related The onomatopoeia, repetition is between us and intensifying training words by reduplication in the field of morphology. Purposes rather theoretical Jucker (1994) considers the analysis of repetitions of one or more words repeated identically and consecutively, as challenge the relevance theory. This theory is based on the idea that "every utterance with a comma Guarantee of ITS own optimal relevance That is to say That the utterance the speaker believes will yield maximal cognit ive effects for a minimal processing effort "(1994: 47). From this optics, accurate and autorepeticions consecutive meaningless, ie

are "irrelevant repetitions" as defined by the author in the article title. Jucker based on the analysis Sperber and Wilson invented a series of examples: Josep Maria Basin 194 (9) a. Here's a red sock, here's a red sock, here's a blue sock b. I went for a long, long walk c. There were houses, houses everywhere d. I shall never, never smoke again e. There is a fox, a fox in the garden f. My childhood days are gone, gone Sperber and Wilson, these repetitions that relate to language poetic note that the above examples do not support the same type semantic analysis, particularly considering that the first three proposed modify the meaning (added to the explicatura) and not the last three (Added to the implicature). Based on this idea, Jucker analyze real examples taken from a conversation and three different types of repetition: a) Repeat amending explicit meaning of the utterance, that is, to explicatura adds to the "explicit content of the utterance differs from the the content of the utterance without the equivalent repetition "(1994: 53): (10) Jane was ... very very keen on going go the beach ... 4 b) Repeating it does not modify the explicit meaning (in addition to the implica ture) (11) Oh yes I will, I will, I will The repetition of "I will" does not mean it will not in action three times a greater degree. It simply worth emphatic. c) Repeating it does not modify neither explicatura or implication, but simply reduces the processing effort to ensure understanding after a conversation or overlap recovering well after the start failed. (12) And she's got a - she's got a magnificent organ This third type of repetition, had not considered that Sperber and Wilson, constitute a repair that "That recycle material Obscured by gold was an overlap in syntactic frame they keep open while the 4 reproduce, simplified examples of Jucker. Repeating row and idiomaticitat 195 speaker searches for a lexical item with a fairly high informational load " (1994: 57). Such repetition usually occurs at the beginning of the shift conversation indicates hesitation cancellation by the speaker, while allowing yo u to prepare his speech and keep the turn. 4 consecutive repetition Consecutive repetitions are buildings in which they are doubling (sometimes tripling or even multiplication) an immediate same word. We can classify them according to the nature of the categorial repeated word: adjective / adverb / quantifier, name or verb. 4.1 Repeat consecutive adjectives, adverbs or quantifiers The most common case is the repetition of a qualitative adjective: (13) The Duchess went back to yellow, yellow, of anger, of despair, of remorse. (EV, 252) (14) [...] and make a pattern that good good well known (EV 61) In (13) the repetition of the word indicates an intensification of quality, color, while the upward progression indicates a color change the duchess. In (14) and the intensive nature of the emphatic repetition adds to construction, usually expressed as extremely good. The repetition of the adjective indicates that we interpret it in the highest degree, higher than implies an absolute superlative. This interpretation explains uses like (15a), which, while not very common, indicating that repetition involves quantifying that makes consecutive correlative equivalent (15b):

(15) a. The duchess yellow, yellow it seemed he was going to drop round. (EV, 262) b. The duchess was so yellow that seemed to fall round The repetition can affect forms or adverbial or prepositional phrases, as in the following examples: (16) touches the door, and, to really really, was a great joy ... (EV, 202) (17) ... and closes like a middle rellamp middle of the room (EV, 196) Josep Maria Basin 196 Sometimes, these structures may also correspond intermediate forms between adjective and adverb, have been fixed. This is the case of (18a), where repetition is almost lexicalitzada, as evidenced the strangeness of the structure without repetition (18b): (18) a. [...] He sent it Next (EV 46) b. ? He then sent it We also find this structure with quantifiers: (19) The child was growing very, very well because it was sturdy and ate good meal. (EV, 270) (20) the other day The priests were left at home. According to them, the blame everything, but everything, everything, is the sexual revolution. (AB 96) In (19), indicating also very much involved to a greater degree quantifier and highlights the character progressively larger process which speech. In (20), although all mean everything. We therefore see the effect of repetition, even a word because you can not seem to achieve a degree greater and, in fact, is not adjustable (* much everything, even more *). Repetition involves consecutive interpretation intensive, which increases the degree of the adjective, the adverb or quantifier short at the highest level, wh ile which indicates a strong emotional involvement on the part of the issuer. Thus, the construction "Xadj / adv / Q Xadj / adv / Q 'is defined as a word set in adjusta ble Maximum scale (excellent = good good slow next next = constant) and can be paraphrases as: more X X very fully X. Once set construction, should discuss some cases apparently same or very similar to the above, in order to define and delimit better concept. In (21) repeat the word but does not affect the adjective accompanied by a quantifier: (21) [...] Death garrotament felt a very ugly, very ugly! (EV 47) In this case, the effect is similar to the repetition of the word only, but the hue is different. In fact, we seem to be rather on the ground what Persson (1974) called emphatic repetition (The man is a fool! A fool!), rather than the repetition of the intensifier, as the adjective asRepeat ing row and idiomaticitat 197 is superlative in (relative) and predominates over the character emphatic that The intensive. Similarly, in (22) there is a quantifier (subject noun) repeated, but the interpretation ironic in this case and very determined idiomtic ament, is "nothing at all" but "I have not clear that nothing would happen": (22) What if you saw half the boob Marina Rossell? "Nothing to are modern. " Oh, nothing, nothing. As you would see. (AB 132) In fact, the structure would be closer to an emphatic repetition in terms by Persson, has value as intensive but the level is not properly affected. In addition, the expression is largely gramaticalitzada and works often as a kind of interjection, as shown in (23). (23) Nothing, nothing. If yourself, or did. (EV, 299) Finally, look at the example (24): (24) [the animal] stood there shaking alive, lively, as if such a thing (EV 59)

In this example, the repetition is not exact, because the second appearance impl ies the partial amendment of the word, which appears in superlative. In this case, repetition is also closer to the emphatic repetition that the intensive, although the intensity of the second occurrence we just located at the boundary between the two tipus.5 4.2 Repeat row names When there are consecutive repetition of names, the effect is clearly obtained different from the previous case, since it is not affected level (names are not adjustable), but we refer to the concept. In this section can distinguish the case of nouns and proper nouns. 5 An example of idiomatic construction similar to the consecutive repetition of adjectives is Adjective adjective than ': Torpall-Torpall more! (EV, 180) Josep Maria Basin 198 (25) In this country, we have very thin skin with the things of culture. I when we say "culture" as we understand: in this case we are not talking culture of eroticism or of the bread with. Culture culture, without discipline or express human weakness behind. (George Llavina "Culture of culture," Today 9/6/2004) In (25), it is clear that the repetition of the noun culture indicates that we a re referring to the concept in its purest form, as opposed to derivative uses of th is concept that the author, in this case related "disciplines or weaknesses human ".6 The following example shows Spanish very clearly the operation conceptual (26) Interviewer: Tienes girlfriend? P.G.: bride, groom, no tengo. (Interview with Paul Gassol 19/8/2004, Antena 3, Super Show) In an example as above, the issuer is not implemented, apparently, a amplification of the concept, but a reduction: it is someone Gassol that could be considered "girlfriend" in the broadest sense of the word, but not strictly. Therefore, the operation is performed is to referirse only the prototype of the concept "strictly Bride", "Bride of truth" "Bride of the law", etc.. are expressions that reveal the what Lakoff (1987) called prototipicitat.7 Such effects can6 Some examples from our corpus show a replay with some variation. (I) man's eyes streamed light, really, who gave a Porra calentor! (EV, 210) (Ii) Hole Castalla had for many years, many years, near the mountains Port of Bihar, a cottage, very poor thing, who called him Maset. (EV, 264) The case (i) is especially interesting, since the complement of the second occur rence reinforces the effect of repeated consecutively. In the case of (ii), repeats a phrase, and not a word, with a variation in intensifier quantifier lot. 7 In this case, moreover, the construction is what Valenzuela, Hilferty and Gara chana (ep) call of reduplicat topic: there is a component that can be named, infinitive adj ective adverb or quantifier, shifted to the left in the position of subject or topic, f ollowed denied a verb phrase, which can be followed by an adversative but, that explains the restriction. Therefore, the building has three segments: topical (reduplicat) co mmentary and explanation. The function of this building is: "That denying the instance under consideration

is actually a full member of the category Mentioned previously. "(Valenzuela / H ilferty / Garachana, e.p.) Repeating row and idiomaticitat 199 tures ("XN XN" = XN <prototip>) reveal that the concepts refer a mental image, a prototype resulting from the interaction of traits common and defining the concept and discrimi peripheral units the category (cf. Cuenca and Hilferty, 1999: no. 2). However, this reduction in fact, can be interpreted as a maximalisation. We refer to a concept the "ultimate expression" the idealized expression while adjusted to their semantic content. When the name is proper, the effect is similar: (27) How should operate a toll in Madrid? I think the operator, who must be "Madriz, Madriz," must raise the barrier with a handle organ of the barrier goes up and while it sounds a schottische "but with Entramo s class ". (AB 91) This example of a monologue by Andrew Buenafuente makes clear what the effect of repetition nominal. We can ask: where is' Madrid Madrid '? Obviously not physically located anywhere (not to say that the operator must be born in Puerta del Sol, for example), but clearly indicates that it has the characteristics that are attributed to citizens estere otpicament Madrid interpretation is reinforced by the pronunciation parody Madriz (please note that this text is transcript of monologues TV oralitzats previously) and with reference to schottische. In (28), we find an intermediate case, as a proper noun is used as common name: (28) estaba scheduled visit with the anteriorities Rejection of massive War protesters witnessed by millions of locations worldwide and the most sensatos leader of the PP as a bad reception habian irrechazable dream. But why hetero Reality Was it that Peor Because Jeb Bush imagination proved a Bush Bush, Bush elevated Aznar and the square a zero to the left. (MVM, 319-320) Again, the interpretation is "a prototypical Bush"; Jeb Bush behaved as is expected by an abstraction of the characteristics of Bush family, especially from member "prototypical" in our imaginary present: George W. Bush. The phrase "Bush elevated the square" further strengthens the idea and emphasizes the meaning of "maximum term" which we referred earlier. Consider, finally, the example (29): Josep Maria Basin 200 (29) But yo I point to the hypothesis that Fraga federal federal pusiera Because estaba until the cap. (MVM, 238) It is also an intermediate case between adjective and name, as we have a adjective is an adjective used but predicativament classifier, and therefore not adjustable and very close to a name. This explains why the interpr etation is ambiguous between adjectival ('federal completely') and nominal ("Federal prototpicament '). 4.3 Repeat consecutive verbs The repetition of action verbs has generally iterative in nature or continuity, depending on the nature of the lexical verb. So it is not surprising that This structure is very commonly used in gerund, the typical form of continuity and iteration: (30) A boy in my class, Artunedo, stirring, stirring, fell in [a chest]. (AB 173) (31) ... and went sailing, sailing, lost to view. (EV, 231) (32) watch, looking back all the black night sky, saw [...] as

fog light [...] (EV 52) Thus, this structure ("XV XV") may paraphrase as "X repeatedly / continuously "and also may be related to construction idiomatic X that X '(33), also with iterative value: 8 (33) a. Walk will walk you [...] you to the port of Aigeta Bitter [...] (EV, 74) 8 We also found that construction with an adjective: (I) ... Batiste sad sad without inadvertently mouth ... (EV, 216) (Ii) But she, however, that stubborn stubborn ... (EV, 367) On the other hand, are very interesting verbal repetition with slight modificati ons, we also have a tinge intensifier, as in the following examples: (Iii) In addition, it was very tight fitted the doublet best to conceal the virg inal lines of the young ... (EV: 152) (Iv) ... I cover well covered, rent a Hqqah who follow and carry my daughter to t he house of port. (EV: 405) The repetition of the previous examples, reinforced by well, indicating that the action indicated is made "completely", "entirely".Repeating row and idiomaticitat 201 b. Mentrimetres, Margaret White, sometimes accompanied by many other spectators and almost alone, continued to wheel and wheel vault voltars. (EV, 325-326) A structure formally equal consecutive repetition of verbs, but interpretatively different, is found in the following examples: (34) Dessolta the dog [...] all excited and tells him: -Search, look! (EV, 74) (35)-past, past, gentlemen, did all Pepeta aturrollada. -Avant, avant-pitched Toni tells all (EV, 190) In these cases, we note that the repetition of the verb does not imply a repetit ion the action, but indicates emphasis. We would, therefore, on the ground Persson who called emphatic repetition (and intensive). These structures are especially prevalent with imperatives and, as we shall see, also fragments (yes, words and character as interjectiu forward, forward) and Insisting vocatius.9 can pragmatically reinterpreted as a courtesy (In the case of (35)), but can also be neutral (36) or may be openly discourtesy (37) .10 (36) I felt a strange disturbance in his chest, something indefinable. Wanted go up to his room. Come, come, Rosette. (EV, 132) (37) Shut up, shut up, 'said finally all cranky and sleep-filled eyes, you see that dream. (EV, 230) Intonation and gesture will undoubtedly play an important role in interpretation of insistence. Tannen (1989) notes the ambiguity of interpretation of repetition their verbal comments of a sample conversation: Throughout the dinner table conversation, Steve, the host, engaged in self-mocke ry by simultaneously parodying hosting and displaying behavior [...]. Picking up where Steve's pattern, I urged Peter to stop carving the turkey and start eating it by saying, "Sit, sit." David played immediately on this repetitive pattern by saying, "No, carve, carve ." 9 On the concept of the piece, you can see Cuenca (1996: chap. 4). 10 In English, when you want to be polite in an action, such as first pass someo ne, you can just add "and insists," as noted in the quotation reproduced Tannen more

forward. Josep Maria Basin 202 The reduplication of "sit, sit" mean intensity ("Sit immediately," or "I insist That you sit "). By contrast, in the reduplicatiion "Carve, carve" repeated significa nt aspect: "Keep carving," or "Carve away." (Tannen, 1989: 68-69) They are also similar to the iterative verbal repetitions, but not comparable cases in which repetition is not only the verb, but the verb plus some component: (38) What a racket with the opening of the AVE! Today, to check was certainly filled the journalists. And of course, Cascos saying, "Let descarrile that descarrile. " (AB 88) In this example, an iteration but not expressed insistence, meaning clearly related to the first but is at a level less propositional (referring to the outside world) and interpersonal (referring to t he world discourse). 4.4 Other replays The analysis of other faces you need immediate repetitions differ from analyzing consecutive repetitions, although obviously related. Thus, we find: a) Repetition rate onomatopoeic, which have a clearly and interact with iconic iteration: 11 (39) And he would continue bem, bem! Major blows Satan. (EV 52) b) Repetition of words, sentence fragments or (yes, no, interjections) and of vocatives, especially prevalent in the dialogue, as elements for or other expressive values indicate emphasis by the speaker: (40) Christmas [(There is one last blog Ah, did not know for XO)]. Moderator: [(Yeah, yeah, yeah, do not worry).] (EA 62-63) 12 11 Persson included among the imitative repetition: "The term mimetic repetition is Functioning as repetition supposed to designate linguistic representation of rep etitive phenomena, Such as sound, motion, and so on. "(1974: 143). 12 must differentiate this kind of repetition in which case, yeah interpreted ne gatively as not. In this case, the intonation is distinctly different, with a final tonem es ascenRepetici and 203 consecutive idiomaticitat (41) Hill: If this is so clear, why tell so many lies? For this you know it is a lie. And this [(says clear here, eh?)] Christmas: [((But it should not touch?))] That ... Hill: No, no, sorry, sorry, "(zzzz ?) People's Party" (EA, 81-83) 13 (42) Moderator: [(Lord Hill)], then we shall talk great detail the economic issue and the figures [(but respect I think the two minutes deal with all that is planned)]. Hill: [(Very good, very good.'s Enough already).] (EA 29-30) (43) To hear what the Paradise, the demon fell to him and he made a Munters laugh of excitement. -Let's see, let's see! Pressoir said. (EV, 211) (44) Hill [(B (u) eno :)], listen, if you consider that forty-two thousand mil_ million pesetas [(a small thing, sorry, (zzzz ?) we have won forgive him interrupt me now))] Ribo: [(No, these are not forty-two thousand hides, which have, other items are funding other communities)]. Moderator: [(Mr. Ribo, M. Ribo)]. (EA 179-181) c) several repetitions of words that are related, as indicated by Jucker, with false starts, encavallaments or attempts to obtain or maintain

utterance: (45) Chair: Mr. Christmas [(we estem_)] Christmas: [(Estic_ yes, yes)]. Moderator: ... out of time. (EA 44-45) (46) Christmas: Yes, I believe that Mr. Hill can not with a newspaper clipping, has already shot three times, three [(sometimes three times)] Hill: [(Is that, is that, ESSS, very juicy ...)] (EA 214-215) In these cases, the repetition should not be solely a word (May not be complete or word of a word), which differs These uses of consecutive repetition: (47) Christmas: Yes. Qua_ when it rains is because of the government (EA 43) (48) Christmas: No, it is already there. (EA 242) tooth that can interpret the construction of the same. It would be a structure like nothing, nothing which we mentioned earlier. 13 Mark zzzz imply an excerpt from oral text that is not understood. Josep Maria Basin 204 It should be noted in connection with the first two types of repetition frequenc y which are certain repeated interjections. In some cases, examples of which then produces an even lexicalitzaci the structure: (49) a. And she pulls pulls ... watching and waving, all smiling. (EV, 125) b. Silent lips ... Come on, come on without turning (EV, 206) c. You are already a doctorejador now! (EV, 278) d. Nothing-I searched a gegantot so great! -Did-Henrietta. Flees away from me! God deliver me! (EV: 233) These structures occur with other forms of gramaticalitzades interjectiu character such as strip, strip or shut up, shut slang used in place Valencia to express disagreement and close a topic discussi.14 4.5 Delimitation of the phenomenon The presentation and the examples we have done allows us to identify a repetitions group with common characteristics and distinguish them structures apparently identical or very similar. Given the cases described above and considering the many classifications have been proposed consecutive repetitions can be characterized as follows: 15 a) Are autorepeticions, compared heterorepeticions, which is the same speaker who repeats the word. b) Are lexical repetitions, in contrast to semantic repetition (Repetition of a concept), syntactic (repetition of a structure) or pragmatic (repetition within a conversational context to facilitate production, reception or interaction). c) Repetition is reduced to a single word. d) are temporarily immediate repetitions of words (written or text) in unlike other repetitions as cohesive, which occur with textual some distance. e) It is an exact repetition, ie, without any variation formal. 14 Pilgrim Sancho (personal communication). 15 We take as starting point the proposal Aitchison (1994: 18-19), which include s all a number of variables that characterize and differentiate repetitions, and add o ther criteria provided by different authors. Repeating row and idiomaticitat 205 f) Have a voluntary and intentional (meaningful words of Norrick, 1987: 197), it is not involuntary repetition or non-deliberate as we find in the conversation or people with language disorders. g) repetitions are optional, unlike reduplication (as in onomatopoeia) are required.

h) Have a clear idiomatic and compositional nature, ie, they respond peculiar features of the language, but seem to follow the principles universal or very general, 16 and its meaning is not directly the sum of the meanings of the parties in this case only would lead us to perform a redundancy. i) Such repetition is more or less clear paraphrases. Stated rellevantista terminology contributes to the explicatura of the statement. The common value of such repetition is intensified (in degree prototipicity or duration), which binds explicatura value worth implicature connotative or emotional nature of the particular context. Consecutive repetitions are different yet related to the emphatic repetition (very ugly, very ugly looking, looking, yes, yes, no, no, go od, very good) not necessarily be accurate or affect a single word and also does not change the explicit content of the utterance .17 fall into this category of false beginnings and the struggle for time, because, in contrast to the proposed Jucke r, consider also imply a value emphatic, of insistence on maintenance or making the turn. In this case the predominant meaning emphasis or insistence, which can add other types of meanings expressive. The emphatic repetition, unlike running, does not generate construction, but rather a mere reiteration of words without global effects. 16 In the literature, it has established a discussion on the nature of the parti cular universal tautological structures that can be applied to consecutive repetitions. About topic, consult the work of Wierzbicka (1987, 1988), Fraser (1988) and revisions Ward and Hirschberg (1991) and Okamoto (1993). 17 Persson (1974: 51-52) distinguishes intensifier and the emphatic repetition o f traits from follows: the intensifier is done in a single unit pitch, while the emphatic is done pitch into two units, the second of which is emphatic; repetition intensifier only mean unique elements, while the emphatic can repeated more complex structures; repetition intensifier is easy to paraphrase, unlike emphatically. As a result, repetition intensifier is "more comprehensive device", the repetiti on emphatically is "more disjointed phenomenon." Josep Maria Basin 206 Finally, consecutive occurrences are related occurrences onomatopoeic and mimetic type structures as gramaticalitzades will walk that walk. 5 Repeat coordinated Consecutive occurrences have a direct relationship with others structures where repeated elements are coordinated with the copulative conjuncti on and ("X and X"). We called the repetitions correspond to coordinated names and, marginally, other grammatical categories. 5.1 Repetition of names coordinated The repetition of names affects coordinated nouns generally are alone (without specifiers or complements). You can have two types interpretation. When construction is existential or equivalent interpretation relates to the consecutive repetition of names, referred to as designated by the noun concept and identifies groups within this concept. Note the following example from Italian: (50) Oggi, if it tante volte Detto, sono pi always disperatamente uguali le musiche prodotte in Giappone, in America or in Europe. Prevailing The Universalism: ma non stato the forse Universalism a big ideale dell'umanit? anche in the indubbiamente preferibile Universalism,

Esso if it comunque steward, tribal alle lotte oggi il mondo di cui rigurgita, tuttavia Bisogna against distinguishes e Universalism Universalism: rispetto for something il le differenze sentite come gli caratterizzanti individual e le collettivit, rispetto and Desiderio da di cui Nasce conoscere, thunder Punta di di dialogare by uncontrolled e di confrontation, otherwise the indifferenza th e quindi geografiche differenze alle alle etniche differenze, alle differenze our culture and culture sentite UNIQUE vessels come liberament attingere Cui, who fossero Sacchi report Pien ma di useful material. (EF, no page) In the above example there are two cases of repeat coordinated. In the first ("Distinguishes Bisogna against Universalism Universalism e"), establishing a contrast between two ways of understanding the same concept, that of universalis m, as he explains below. In the second ("le differenze tra culture and culture "), it also causes a splitting of the concept that Repeating row and idiomaticitat 207 speaking of two distinct subgroups within the culture concept, which allows identify benchmarks even odds. Paraphrase would be appropriate "An X and another X", that is, identify elements or rather subwithin a concept, however, are opposed to (Cf. Hilferty / Garachana / Valenzuela, e.p.). When the name is plural, not existential construction, has a value intensifier and adjustable, the building can paraphrase as' many (and different) X '("XNpl XNpl and" many = XN). (51) And they came generations who were born, lived and grew and died with a persistence and monotony that [...] made awesome terror (EV 45) (52) hours of the cool way to land ports [...] is made dark night [...] (EV, 275) 18 (53) [...] heard talks and talks Margarita and Prince (EV, 103) Verify the specificity of this construction compared with (54): (54) In those days many ancient castles and dominates the region Castellet (EV 79) In (54) triggered a compositional reading - (there were castles (large) and cast les (Children)) - clearly different from reading the repetitive construction; in the above example, without much feeling there would be many and appreciate a special involvement of the speaker in the way concept refers to the castle. 5.2 Repeat coordinated other words Occasionally, we find other words coordination. In these cases, often correspond to verbs, constructions seem emphatic variants the corresponding consecutive repetitions. 18 The idiomatic character can be seen by comparing this structure with structur es syntactically identical, in which two (or more) coordinated elements are not ide ntical, as in (i): (I) often remains .. hours and days and weeks and even within the thick clouds loaded up water from the Mediterranean. (EV, 340) Josep Maria Basin (55) a. He walked and walked for hours b. Walk, walk for hours (56) The land rose and rose ... (EV, 139) (57) Veent (sic) that effectively rolled and rolled it was a blessing, man becomes a plier under the huge oak. (EV, 324) We have also found such repetitions coordinated with quantifiers: 19 (58) so many screams and neighing so familiar, that Allah goes sick ... (EV, 173) (59) Teresa made the jingle bell, and thousands of birds act

Tears came to drop ... (EV, 372) (60) ... Duke, encoleritzant more and more, it allows you to continue to that way offensive to the Duchess ... (EV, 256) (61) planting a flag on the gigantic Plaza de Colon in Madrid and rendirle an homage every and all other months. (MVM, 227) In case of repetition over (60), we find it accompanied forms as each lap time (and synonyms) that highlight the incremental nature of quantification (62): (62) a. This, on the other hand, believe more and more Sagunto despised ... (EV, 255) b. Muhammad, each time more and more amazed of what he saw and heard [...] mind had yet to ask: [...] (EV 95) c. Brunilda fell in love every way more and more of that valiant and passionate enemy of his house ... (EV, 154) All structures that have been mentioned so far would be cases of repeated coordinates near the consecutives.20 However, the examples these correspond to an emphatic repetition: 19 This structure rather strange in Catalan, is very productive in English, wher e, indicate increasing degree on the adjective, two coordinated adjectives comparat ive degree, if Comparison is synthetic, or more quantifier, if analytic: Louder and louder, big ger and bigger, more and more expensive. See Persson (1974: none. 4). 20 We have also found structures coordinated with an adjective or adjective form repeated with a slight variation: (I) That is fine and refined indeed! - Commented women (EV, 125) Repeating row and idiomaticitat 209 (63) Columbus: You can not come now saying "I am not of this world." No:, you those too. It is his [(partit. No, no)]. Christmas: [(this. D'this, this and this]. (EA 149-150) (64) ... she is still in bed, I can teach you to face .... no, a hand either ... But one said, yes, a finger, a finger. (EV, 347) 6 Interpretation As already mentioned, the repetition was also appreciated as part of literary language, especially poetry, and rejected for use in other areas as typical oral speech, unplanned and speakers with little linguistic skill (Children, people with language disorders, etc.).. Repeating row coordinated and repetition are particularly striking from a traditional view of language, the challenge head-on view of communication as a cooperative exchange of information, as does the tautology that has received most attention in the literature buildings before us. Several authors have shown that the tautology and in the same sense we can consider repeating row and coordinated based on the violation of Grice's maxim of quantity, according which does not give good conversationalist no less information than necessary development of communicative exchanges: In this approach [Gricean pragmatic radical], 'tautological expressions are Cons idered uninformative by themselve, but meaningful in context; Their meanings are regard ed as Which conversational implicature are calculable from general language-independen t conversational principles (ie the Gricean Cooperative Principle combined with th e flouting of the maxim of Quantity). (Okamoto, 1993: 434) In terms rellevantistes, tautologies and repetitions do not conform exactly to design based on the "optimal relevance" of the statement. Jucker it formulated in a very eloquent: "Particularly Intuitively it seems irrelevant to repeat oneself without delay and in exact form "(1994: 48).

However, studies show that the conversation is constant repetition and essential in human interaction: (Ii) put healthy and good, and very good (EV, 213) (Iii) The next day, on Beatrice thought over the strange visit of French cervine that had taken so gentle. (EV, 402) Josep Maria Basin 210 Repetition is a resource by Which conversationalists together create a discourse , a relationship, and a world. It is the central linguistic meaning-making strategy in limitless resource for individual creativity and interpersonal involvement. (Tannen, 1989: 97) 6.1 Repeat coordinated tautology As we have seen, has not had much repetition consecutive echoes in literature and, as mentioned, does not usually go beyond the observation that implies intensification of quantity and grade or has emotional value (cf. Persson 1974: no. 2). In contrast, repetition coordinated deserved some thoughts most often in relation to tautology. Persson (1974: none. 4) says that such repetition can denote processes Prolonged, continuous or repetitive (verbs or adverbs), increased level (Adjectives) or number, quantity, size or length (names). In his corpus of 23 cases of repeat nominal coordinated identifies only three This indicates that the attributes found. Three examples are: There are lords and Lords, There's torture and torture, There are cardinal and cardinal. Interpr ets as follows: [...] This type of conjoined repetition Indicates That Different types can be di stinguished. The usual implication is e.g. there are good and bad lords lords, That is, oppos ite qualities are implied. As indicated by the above examples, the sentence pattern is Existen tial, and the conjoined items are either mass nouns or plural count nouns. It is hazar dous to speculate about the source of this tokenistic structure, but it may be Perhaps a s Viewed Ellipsis in standardised of, e.g. are there some lords and then there are other lords. The economy of 'shorthand expressions of this kind is remarkable. (Persson, 1974: 140-141) Frederick (1985) cites occurrences in relation to the nominal coordinates known or apparent tautology that formal two appearances of the same word in a structure "A is A" imply a coincidence level but a difference in the connotative connotative. So is the tautology lexical repetition as a means of focusing: The tautology est une particulire modality of lexical rptition focalisante, dans laquelle il ya mise en relation of a predicate to a theme will reprise avec, dan s le predicate, December ou du dans le apparaissaient terms that theme - reprise s'accompagnant, comme dans toute rptition lexical focalisante, focalisation sur une of an egg traits Dec ember connotatifs particuliers attaches au (x) term (s) reprise. (Frederick, 1985: 152) Regarding tautologies as prototypical business is business, says examples of French grammar as you coutume coutume il ya. The author withRepeatin g row and idiomaticitat 211 considers that it is a type of lexical repetition interval between focusing stru cture 'To this A' and 'A n'est pas plus A': Dans ce type of statement, le diffrence between the speaker souligne les deux occ urrences

carried out plus dans nettement that the statement of type / A East A / dans la mesure o il n'y a plus sign will identit trompeur East (sont), mais aussi step that nettem ent toutefois zens of the statement type / A n'est pas plus a / in the disparition raison de t oute denial. (Frederick, 1985: 151-152) Miki (1996), for its part, is tautology in terms of deployment references from features that are part of the shared knowledge. For this author, the tautology is solved because there is a split the reference of the concept through a repeated process of evocation: Thusis evocation is in reference to shared knowledge through Which mutually held beliefs and assumptions about someone / something are (re-) Identified, the taut ologies Thusis generated reaffirm these assumptions and beliefs in the context of ongoin g utterance (Miki, 1996: 641) No doubt, these analyzes are applicable to the tautology repetitions particularly in the nominal and give us clues about the interpretation that makes talking and running discourse. 6.2 The consecutive repetition and coordinated as buildings language As noted, the structures studied are idiomatic constructions. We can define a building as "the result of the match and a form meant so completely arbitrary and not fully predictable "(Cuenca / Hilferty, 1999: 86). In fact, consecutive repetitions and coordinated the meaning of whole is not the sum of the parts (not composicionalitat), as shown paraphrases that correspond meaning and effect of which is linked to a morphosyntactic form and intonation often determinada.21 In addition, it structures often restricted in terms of speech and lexical features it presents. So, clearly responding to the concept grammatical construction as formulated Fillmore and, similarly, Lakoff: 21 See Valenzuela / Hilferty / Garachana (ep) and Hilferty / Garachana / Valenzu ela (E.p.). Josep Maria Basin 212 We mean by grammatical construction in syntactic pattern Which is assigned one o r Conventional more functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistica lly conventionalized about ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE meaning or the use of structures containing it. (Fillmore, 1988: 36) Grammatical constructions in general are holistic, That is, That the meaning of the whole construction is motivated by the meaning of the parties, but is not computable f rom them. (Lakoff, 1987: 465) Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the buildings we have identified. Building semantic paraphrase Operation Conditions Xadj / adv / Q Xadj / adv / Q more / very / completely X adj / adv / Q increase or maximize grade Xadj / adv / Q Xadj / adv / Q = Xadj / adv / degree Q

Adjustable word (If adj., only qualitative) XN, XN X prototype in Strictly prototipicity effect: maximum expression XN XN XN = <prototip> also applicable adjectives classifiers XV XV X repeatedly continuously intensity duration (Repetition, continuity) XV = XV seventeenth action verb or process XN and XN an X and another X Xs different kind prototipicity effect: referential decoupling XN and XN = XsubN and X'subN construction existential or equivalent XNpl XNpl and many (distinct) X increased number XNpl XNpl and N = Xmolts Xaltres and absolutely Xaltres X Very XV increase or maximize degree or duration Xaltres and Xaltres degree = X / Xn Table 1. Construction of consecutive repetition and coordinated In short, the row and repeat the same word are coordinated examples of language constructs, as presented by certain syntactic conditions, changes in the formal structure associated with changes in the global significance and meaning is not derived fr om pure sum of the meanings of each word. Repeating row and idiomaticitat 213 6.3 Interpretation of the repetitive structures The various constructions that we studied two types of meanings conveyed related to: 22 a) increase or intensification, which affects depending on the nature of the ite m and construction, grade, number and duration (in the table construction grayed out). Intensification can also metaforitzarse as insistent, emphatic constructions types, uses and adopt courtesy or related to the management of the conversation, as we mentioned earlier. b) prototipicity effects associated with the modification of a concept. In the case of consecutive repetition, there is a maximization expression of identification with the prototype in the case of repeat coordinated, there is a dissociation of reference so that divided into two groups and two possible interpretations, somehow

contradictory, the same concept. The first type of meaning is clearly iconic. Ishikawa (1991) makes a concrete description from examples of intensive repetition rate conversations in Japanese. The author identifies three meanings in iconic struct ures reduplicatives, and heterorepetici of autorepetici: intensity / emphasis iteration and then. Consider the repetition reflects, equally, increase in the amount of meaning. Referring to autorepeticions, justified as follows: a) Intensity: "[...] the repetition, That is, the quantity of the Increased form, resembles Increased the quality of the meaning of the form " (Ishikawa, 1991: 561). b) Iteration: "[...] Increased form resembles the repetition of the action" (Ishikawa, 1991: 561). 22 In this analysis, it is particularly interesting work of Okamoto (1993) on three nominal tautological constructions in Japanese, because it shows clearly seemingly identical structures (and, in any case, comparable to a compositional analysis) that convey different meanings from the building understood comprehensively. Furthermore, Ward and Hirschberg (1991) examines different types of buildings tautological in English, which consider different forms related to interpretatio n common. Wierzbicka (1987), from a semantic approach radical defense nature is universal tautologies, argues that there are different interpretations of nominal tautologies associated with specific syntactic forms. Josep Maria Basin 214 c) Continuation: "[...] the form represents the Increased Increased length During the time of action "(Ishikawa, 1991: 563) .23 Similarly, Norrick cites as an example of coordinated repetitions autorepeticion s semantic language that can be (eg on the up and up) or may reflect "the iterative nature of the object they describe in Their binomial form like Over and over, In which case they enjoy iconic motivation " (1987: 254). In the second case, the repetition associated semantic operations prototipicity effects, the iconic link is not so obvious. The dissociation referential iconic character has a relatively clear, as if repeating a concept and accept that repetition should be relevant, we tend to think in two (or more) occurrences of the word, we find differences in meaning or benchmark, given that the meaning and shape are the same (Figure 1). A A 'A' Figure 1. Representing the concept of dissociation reference When the effect has to do with the selection of the prototype is very iconicity more implicit and has to do with the concept of the prototype. As mentioned, the prototype is the mental image we have of a great concept. This image results from the interaction between different features of the category. So, if we understand the prototype graphically as the area of intersection betwe en features (a, b, c, d) and twice refers to the concept, it is clear that closer together the prototype as activate or activate more features twice, as shown in Figure 2:24 23 In a similar vein lies the work of Shepherd (1994) on the use of common and e ssential autorepetici in the Creole English of Antigua, where it tends to be gramaticalitz ar. He notes, also, that the intensity and iteration are the most common uses of rep etition both in Creole and in child language.

24 However, we observed that biology Latin name for the common variety of species identified by repetition or the adjective vulgaris or common: thus, it i s called Homo sapiens sapiens, or fish in the area, the Congo (Latin: Congo Congo) or tun aRepeating row and idiomaticitat 215 Figure 2. Representation as a prototype of semantic intersection For example, if a copy of the category A has the characteristics a, b, c and ano ther has features a, b, d, it is clear that the intersection is more intense than the def inition of each unit separately. In fact, the repetition of the category name intensity is interpreted as a categorical definition that identifies with the prototype. Regardless of the content value (or effect of increased prototipicity) constructions that involve the study suggest talking he says, and this approach, as stated Persson (1974), the emphatic repetitions. So Norrick identifies its corpus examples Repeat coordinated (went along, and along along) and said that this kind multiple repetitions tend to indicate "the speaker's emotional involvement, whic mean it may fulfill emphatic function ", concludes that Iterative these structures are potentially ambiguous between a reading Iconic neutral or emphatic meaning (Norrick, 1987: 254). (Latin: sarda sarda). For example, the common sole (Latin: Solea vulgaris vulgar is) has a specialized designation different from other varieties including: Senegalese sol e (Latin: Solea senegalensis), sand sole (Latin: Sole Lascaris), sole Nassim (Lati n: solea odd, etc.). Therefore, the repetition associated with prototipicity effects from the old and identifies the center of the category, the core ideal and general cases distingu ishable peripherals. to b c of Josep Maria Basin 216 Similarly, Miki tautology linked to rhetorical effects and interactive we can also discover repetitions consecutive coordinates: [...] Essentially tautologies involv That reference to this shared knowledge and shared Identified and Described in knowledge is precisely the maximal linguistic terms That Produce redundancy for rhetorical purposes. (Miki, 1996: 636) Indeed, as pointed Persson, the tautology and repetition that study, economic mechanisms become so condensed knowledge shared values and simultaneously convey expression. In the same vein, Fraser (1988) defines the conventional meaning associated nominal tautologies as follows: An English nominal tautology That signals the speaker That the superintendent He ar recognize: (I) That the speaker holds some view towards all objects referenced by the NP; (Ii) That the speaker believes the Hear That can recognize this particular view; (Iii) That view is relevant to this conversation. (Fraser, 1988: 217-218) Given the relationship between tautology and repetition consecutive and coordina ted we can also say that these constructions involve participation moving from issuer and request a joint operation by the receiver , based on a shared knowledge. 7 Conclusion

In this study, we characterized two types of exact repetition, the consecutive and coordinated, and we show examples of which are different but related language constructs. From examples real, we have identified the buildings and related differentiated apparently identical or similar structures, such as the emphatic repetition, mimetic repetition and tautology. We have concluded that these buildings convey meanings associated to intensify or increase (grade, number or duration) or associated prototipicity effects (identification with the prototype or dissociation referen ce) and established the iconic nature of these meanings. Regardless of the specific meaning construction, are structures synthesising encyclopaedic knowledge shared (and, in this sense, can be considered a mechanism of communication economy) and always demonstrate a clear involvement of the issuer in the statement. These caracRepet ici and 217 consecutive idiomaticitat explain characteristics that appear more frequently in contexts informal oral subjectivity where the speaker is clear. Bibliography Aitchison, Jean (1994): "Say, Say It Again Sam: The treatment of repetition in linguistics, "in Fischer (ed.), 15-34. Bazzanella, Carla (1999) "e Ripetizione paraphrase nell'interazione scolastica , "In: Lumballi, Lucia / Mortara Garavelli, Bice (eds.): Paraphrase. Scythe ricerca alla ricerca psycho linguistic, Alessandria: dell'Orso, 51-61. - (Ed. 1996): Repetition in Dialogue, Tbingen: Niemeyer. Cuenca, M. Joseph (1996): Syntax essential. Grammatical categories, Barcelona: Empries. - / Hilferty, Joseph (1999): Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics, Barcelona: Ariel. Fillmore, Charles (1988) "Grammatical construction theory and the familiar dichotomies ", in: Dietrich, Rainer / Graumann, Carl Friedrich (eds.): Language Processing in Social Context, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 17-38. Fischer, Andreas (ed. 1994): Repetition (Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature, 7), Tbingen: narrator. Fraser, Bruce (1988) "Motor oil is motor oil. Account of English nominal tautologies ", Journal of Pragmatics 12, 215-220. Frederic, Madeleine (1985): The rptition. tude et linguistic rhetoric, Tbingen: Niemeyer. Finnie, Judith (1998), "About a repetition in discourse", in: Payrat, Louis (ed.): Orally. Studies of functional variation Barcelona: Publications Abbey of Montserrat, 195-222. Grice, H. Paul (1975), "Logic and conversation", in: Cole, Peter / Morgan Jerry L. (Eds.): Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3, New York: Academic Press, 41-58. Halliday, M.A.K. / Hasan Ruqaya (1976): Cohesion in English, London: Longman. Hilferty, Joseph / Garachana, Mar / Valenzuela, Javier (ep): "Construcciones composicionalidad and grammar. " Josep Maria Basin 218 Ishikawa, Minako (1991), "Iconicity in discourse: The case of repetition" Text 11, 553-580. Johnstone, Barbara (ed. 1994): Repetition in Discourse. Interdisciplinary Perspe ctives Norwood, N.J.: Ablex. Jucker, Andreas (1994): "irrelevant repetition: A Challenge to relevance theory, "in Fischer (ed.), 47-60. Lakoff, George (1987): Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Merritt, Marilyn (1994), "Repetition in situated discourse. Exploring ITS

forms and functions, "in Johnstone (ed.), no. 3. Miki, Etsuzo (1996): "evocation and tautologies", Journal of Pragmatics 25:5, 635-648. Norrick, Neal R. (1987), "Functions of repetition in conversation," Text 7, 245-264. Okamoto, Shigeko (1993): "Nominal repetitive constructions in Japanese: The 'tautology' controversy revisited ", Journal of Pragmatics 20:5, 433 466. Persson, Gunnar (1974): Repetition in English, Uppsala: Universitetsbiblioteket. Shepherd, Susan C. (1994), "Grammaticalization and discourse functions of repetition, "in Johnstone (ed.), 221-229 (chapter 15). Sperber, Dan / Wilson, Deidre (1986): Relevance. Communication and Cognition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Tannen, Deborah (1987), "Repetition in conversation as Spontaneous formulaicity "Text 7, 215-243. - (1989): Talking Voices. Repetition, Dialogue and Imagery in Conversational Dis course, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Valenzuela, Javier / Hilferty, Joseph / Garachana, Sea (ep): "On the constructions of reality: the Spanish reduplicative-topic construction. " Ward, Gregory L. / Hirschberg, Julia (1991), "A pragmatic analysis of tautologic al utterances ", Journal of Pragmatics 15:6, 507-520. Watts, W. C. (1968): "English reduplication", Journal of English Linguistics 2, 96-125. Wierzbicka, Anna (1987): "Boys will be boys: 'Radical Semantics' Vs. 'Radical Pragmatics', "Language 63:1, 95-114. Repeating row and idiomaticitat 219 - (1988): "Boys will be boys. A rejoinder to Bruce Fraser, "Journal of Pragmatic s 12, 221-224.