ETHYLENE PLANT PLANNING STUDY

250000 MTA ETHYLENE UNIT

BOLIVIA

STUDY RESULTS FOR CASE YPFB

ALL CONTENT IN THIS LUMMUSONLINE ETHYLENE PLANNING STUDY REPORT IS PROVIDED ON AN AS IS BASIS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, OR ARISING FROM CUSTOM OR TRADE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OR TITLE.

Case: YPFB Report Date: Sun, 28 Oct 2012 21:57:00 GMT Page 1 of 8

ETHYLENE PLANT PLANNING TOOL RESULTS

Summary - Planning Study Case YPFB 250000 MTA

CASE SUMMARY REPORT

Overall case study parameters are: Feed Type Severity Ethylene Capacity Propylene Capacity Specific Energy per kg of Ethylene Light Naphtha 0.65 P/E Ratio (wt%/wt%) w/OCU 250000 MTA 247500 MTA 6013 kcal/kg C2

OVERALL MATERIAL BALANCE

Feeds Ethane Propane Naphtha AGO Reacted Steam Total Feeds Recycles Ethane Recycle Propane Recycle C4 Recycle C5 Recycle Compositions C4 H6 in C4s BTX in Gasoline 0 kg/hr 0 kg/hr 97311 kg/hr 0 kg/hr 174 kg/hr 97485 kg/hr Products H2 + CH4 Off Gas Polymer Grade Ethylene Polymer Grade Propylene Mixed C4s Gasoline Fuel Oil Acid Gases Total Products 15273 kg/hr 29412 kg/hr 29118 kg/hr 4324 kg/hr 17871 kg/hr 1411 kg/hr 78 kg/hr 97487 kg/hr

7668 kg/hr 692 kg/hr 0 kg/hr 0 kg/hr

0% 40 %

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SPECIFIC ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

Specific Energy per kg of Ethylene 6013 kcal/kg C2 The specific energy consumption, expressed as energy consumed per unit weight of ethylene produced, is a useful measure to evaluate the overall efficiency of the process. The number reported for the specific energy requirement is an estimate of the combined fuel, steam, cooling water, and electricity usage. Actual fuel, steam, cooling water and electricity requirements for each project will be dependent on site specific utility requirements and plant configuration selected to meet these requirements.

INVESTMENT COST REQUIREMENTS

Range of ISBL and OSBL Investment Cost 220 MM US$ to 246 MM US$ The ISBL and OSBL investment cost estimate is provided for preliminary planning study purposes. The basis for the estimate is a U.S. Gulf Coast location in mid-2001. Location factors have been used to adjust the cost estimate for the proposed plant location. The estimated investment cost is given as a range to reflect the variability of site specific issues and client preferences that impact each project. The accuracy of the estimate is +/- 30 percent. A more detailed explaination of the cost elements that are included with and excluded from the estimate are given in the 'About the Ethylene Project Planning Tool' document on the web site.

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LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY ETHYLENE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY
Ethylene technology from Lummus Technology is the most widely applied process for the production of polymer grade ethylene and propylene. The process is particularly well known for its performance, including product yield and energy efficiency, low investment cost, and operating reliability. Plant owners have selected Lummus Technology's proprietary ethylene technology for more than 175 projects, accounting for about 40% of worldwide ethylene capacity. Lummus Technology's experience encompasses plants designed for ethylene capacities up to 1,035,000 MTA and a full range of feedstocks from ethane through gas oils. The heart of the Lummus Technology process is the SRT pyrolysis furnace model, designed for short residence time and low pressure drop. This high capacity furnace design features high yields and high thermal efficiency, and long run-length between coil decoking. The latest-generation SRT VI cracking coil provides maximum performance for the full range of feedstocks in an easy-to-operate and robust mechanical design. The patented Quick Quencher TLE features low pressure drop and low residence time, resulting in minimum yield degradation. This close-coupled single-stage design offers significant cost advantages over competing designs. On-line decoking technology eliminates the need to mechanically decoke the furnace and transfer line exchangers. The recovery system is highly efficient. Energy integration is maximized by uniquely coupling the chill train with a low pressure demethanizer system, developed by Lummus Technology and proven in operation for several years. The CDHydro technology is utilized for C3 and C4 acetylene hydrogenation. This unique approach combines reaction and distillation in a single vessel and results in low cost and high selectivity with minimum green oil formation. Lummus Technology's design approach emphasizes reliability, ease of operation, and broad feed flexibility at competitive costs. All plants meet designed capacity and exceed guaranteed performance. Since 1989, new plants based on Lummus Technology's technology have started up at an average rate of two per year.

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PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Feedstock to the ethylene plant can be ethane, propane, butane, naphtha, gasoils or hydrocracked vacuum gasoils. Fresh feed and recycled ethane are thermally cracked in the presence of steam in a bank of pyrolysis furnaces. The olefin-bearing effluent gas is quenched progressively by generating steam and through direct contact with oil and/or water. The effluent is compressed in a four- or five-stage centrifugal compressor, acid gases are removed by MEA and/or caustic soda at an intermediate stage. Following compression the olefin-rich gases are dried over a molecular sieve. Product recovery takes place under cyrogenic conditions in refrigerated fractionation systems. Acethylene compounds are hydrogenated in catalyst systems, and hydrogen is recovered via PSA or methanation. Methane offgas is recovered and used as plant fuel. Polymer grade ethylene and propylene are produced by super-fractionation towers that are highly integrated with the rest of the recovery section and refrigeration systems to reduce energy consumption. Mixed C4 product and pyrolysis gasoline are also co-produced and recovered. A cascade system consisting of methane, ethylene, and propylene refrigerants provides the separation energy required for the plant. Utilities required for the process, including steam, cooling water, and fuel are fully integrated to improve overall efficiency. A gas turbine generator can also be integrated with the pyrolysis furnaces to produce electrical power and additional super-high-pressure steam. The hot exhaust gases from the turbine are sent to the furnaces to provide hot combustion air. This approach significantly lowers the specific energy consumption for the ethylene plant.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
The polymer-grade ethylene product is ultra-pure. The recovery sequence ensures the lowest impurity levels, producing the preferred feedstock for polymer and derivative plants. Energy consumption is only 3,000 kcal/kg of ethylene produced from ethane feed and 5,000 kcal/kg produced from naphtha feed. Pyrolysis yields and the propylene-to-ethylene ratio are optimized for each design.

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LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY ETHYLENE TECHNOLOGY EXPERIENCE

Lummus Technology is the world's leading supplier of ethylene technology. Since 1942, Lummus Technology has been awarded 170 major steam cracker projects throughout the world. These projects have an installed capacity of over 37 million MTA of ethylene, which is roughly 40% of the ethylene capacity in the world. This is the highest market share among competing ethylene technology licensors. The period since 1986 represented high activity in the award, construction, and commissioning of new grassroots ethylene plants. During this time, 78 new grassroot ethylene plants were awarded. Of these, Lummus Technology's olefins technology was selected for 29 plants; 37% of the market. This is 50% more awards than the nearest competitor. In the same period, Lummus Technology has been awarded the expansion of 25 existing plants. In addition, since 1995 Lummus Technology has been awarded seven LSTK full EPC ethylene projects equal to the number of LSTK awards to all other competitors combined. This experience is the result of superior plant performance and the ability to offer a lower cost design. Lummus Technology believes that the experience level discussed above represents a continuing worldwide endorsement of the Lummus Technology olefins technology. This endorsement is based upon Lummus Technology's continuing technical improvements, economically optimized designs, inherent feedstock flexibility, and highly reliable operations history.

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NEW ETHYLENE PLANT AWARDS Lummus Technology Awards - Since 1986

Country
Korea Thailand Brazil China China China Iraq Korea Korea Korea Korea Germany Indonesia Japan China China Japan Malaysia Taiwan Egypt Saudi Arabia India USA CIS Thailand USA Saudi Arabia Germany Brazil

Site
Daelim NPC Copene Panjin Fushun Henan PC-2 Honam Pet. KPIC Lucky Samsung Veba CAPC MYKK Dushanzi Tianjin Maruzen EMSB Formosa EPC Yanpet Haldia Westlake Shurtan Rayong BASF-Fina Kemya Dormagen Rio Polimeros

Awarded Start-Up Status

1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1989 1989 1992 1990 1991 1996 1992 1991 1991 1991 1992 1995 1992 1995 1995 1995 1996 1998 2000 2000 1999 1997 2000 1998 2000 2000 2001 2003

Capacity

Feed
N/GO C2/C3 N C2/C3/C4/N N N N N/GO N/GO N/GO N/GO C2/C3/C4 N/Cond N/Cond N N N C2 N/GO C2/C3 C2/C3/N N C2/C3 C2 N/Cond N/Cond C2/C3 C2 C2/C3

Operating 300 Kta Operating 315 Kta Operating 450 Kta Operating 130 Kta Operating 120 Kta Operating 140 Kta Not in Operation 450 Kta Operating 350 Kta Operating 300 Kta Operating 350 Kta Operating 350 Kta Operating 80 Kta Operating 550 Kta Operating 450 Kta Operating 140 Kta Operating 140 Kta Operating 600 Kta Operating 320 Kta Design/Const. 1035 Kta Operating 300 Kta Operating 760 Kta Operating 420 Kta Operating 450 Kta Design/Const. 150 Kta Operating 600 Kta Design/Const. 935 Kta Design/Const. 700 Kta Design/Const. 225 Kta Design/Const. 535 Kta Total Kta Amount: 11645 Kta Average Kta Amount: 402 Kta

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FURTHER INFORMATION ON Lummus Technology'S ETHYLENE TECHNOLOGY To obtain further information on Lummus Technology's ethylene technology or to initiate a more detailed evaluation of the online scoping studies made here, please contact: Ethylene Technology Business Group Lummus Technology 1515 Broad Street Bloomfield, NJ 07003, USA Tel: 973-893-1515 Fax: 973-893-2012 Web: www.lummusonline.com EMail: LummusTech-Webmaster@cbi.com

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