FUTURE SCENARIO ANALYSIS OF PEDHI CATCHMENT, MAHARASHTRA, USING WEAP MODEL

BY
RAMESH R. NANNAWARE, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography. University of Pune, Pune..

GUIDE Dr. R. N. SANKHUA

DIRECTOR NATIONAL WATER ACADEMY, PUNE Date : 24/02/2012

Problem statement
The Pedhi river is a tributary of the Purna river, a river along with the population growth, the improvement of the accessibility to water in the rural areas, etc. are going to increase the water demands in this water stressed catchment. Being able to assess the ability of the catchment to satisfy its future water demands are crucial in order to plan for the future and make wise decisions.

Objectives To assess the impacts of likely future water use on water resources of Pedhi Catchment. To test ability of WEAP model to be used as a simulation model to perform these types of scenario analysis studies.

Location map of study area

Toposheet crop of the study area

Landsat image crop of study area

Database
SATELLITE DATA
Sr. No. Name of Satellite 1. 2. LANDSAT LANDSAT ETM+ ETM+ 145 145 45 46 21-10-2006 21-10-2006 Sensor Path Row Date of Pass

US ARMY MAP SERVICE (USA) TOPOSHEET: Toposheet of RF 1: 250000. NF 43-16, Series U5O2. CENSUS DATA: Census of India (GOI 2011).

Continued.
CLIMATIC DATA RF, ET0, sunshine, wind speed, temp etc. of Amravati station from IMD, Pune. AGRICULTURAL DATA OTHER COLLATERAL DATA

Methodology
Collection of Toposheets and Satellite Images

Satellite Images (LANDSAT Orthorectified) Toposheets

Georeferencing and Mosaicking of Images Rectification

LU/LC Classification (Supervised and Unsupervised) Vectorization

Methodology continued..

Land use and land cover

LANDUSE TYPE River Vegetation Barren Land Agriculture Fallow Land Built-up Area Total EXTENT (hectare) 445 2135.65 5460.04 7039.05 4212.52 5076.65 24420.81 EXTENT (%) 10.87 8.75 22.36 28.82 17.25 20.79 100

Methodology for WEAP

NDVI image
NDVI = (NIR - R)/(NIR + R)

Drainage network

WEAP model
WEAP (Water evaluation & planning system) -customized display and analysis shell for GIS based projects provides various query facilities Analysis of database combines socio-economic data WEAP encompasses: Crop requirements and yields Surface water/groundwater interaction Stream water quality.

User interface of WEAP software

Structure of WEAP Schematic Data Results Overviews Notes

Expression builder for big city

The area of interest in WEAP software.

Transmission link, reservoir, & Return flow,

Filling in attribute table to link MODFLOW cells

Cropwat 8.0

Crop Requirements & scheme supply

1. Cotton
Precipitation deficit 1. Cotton Net scheme irr.req. in mm/day in mm/month in l/s/h Irrigated area (% of total area) Irr.req. for actual area (l/s/h)

J
0

F
0

M
0

A
36.6

M
114.5

J
109.3

J
64.5

A S O N D
0 0 0 0 0

0.3

0.9

0.9

0.5

0 0

0 0

0 0

8.8 0.03

27.5 0.1

26.2 0.1

15.5 0.06

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

24

24

24

24

0.14

0.43

0.42

0.24

2. Sweet orange

N D

Precipitation deficit 1. Sweet Orange Net scheme irr.req. in mm/day in mm/month

100

155.9

107.6

97.2

17.9

0.7

1.1

0.8

0.7

0.1

22

34.3

23.7

21.4

3.9

in l/s/h Irrigated area (% of total area) Irr.req. for actual area (l/s/h)

0.08

0.13

0.09

0.08

0.01

22

22

22

22

22

0.39

0.58

0.42

0.36

0.07

3. Wheat
J F
0

M
0

A
36.6

M
114.5

J
109.3

Ju
64.5

Au
0

S
0

O
0

N
0

D
0

Precipitatio n deficit 1. Wheat Net scheme irr.req. in mm/day in mm/month in l/s/h Irrigated area (% of total area) Irr.req. for actual area (l/s/h)

0.2

0.5

0.5

0.3

0 0

0 0

0 0

4.8 0.02

14.9 0.06

14.2 0.05

8.4 0.03

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

13

13

13

13

0.14

0.43

0.42

0.24

4. Jowar

J Precipitatio n deficit 1. Jowar Net scheme irr.req. in mm/day in mm/month in l/s/h Irrigated area (% of total area) Irr.req. for actual area (l/s/h)

Ju

63.4

55.3

12.3

26.5

6.8

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0.3 8.9 0.03

0.2 7.7 0.03

0.1 1.7 0.01

0.1 3.7 0.01

0 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

14

14

14

14

14

0.24

0.21

0.05

0.1

0.03

RESULTS

This study has demonstrated that the WEAP model is a useful modeling tool for integrated water resources management. The construction of the reservoirs proposed by this research will help to reconcile the water demands and resources, although it will not be sufficient to meet all the demands even for the Lower Growth scenario. As a consequence of the increased storage there will be less stream flow leaving the outlet of the Pedhi catchment.

Conclusion
The WEAP gave the outputs of future possibilities of cropping pattern and water resources available in the study area. For the 2010 baseline conditions there are water shortages in the Pedhi catchment. For the 2025 water demand scenarios, the demands increase, producing increasing shortages. The most affected areas will be the Badnera and central parts of the Amravati tehsil. The application of water conservation and demand management practices will help to meet the water resources and demands, but not completely, and shortages of water for agriculture will be still experienced in the Pedhi catchment.

Continued..
Various scenarios considered in this study which helped to make segregation of problems to be solved by WEAP model. The resultant outputs from CROPWAT 8.0 in case of crop scheme of supply and crop scheduling match with the present requirements and present conditions (rainfall, temperature, irrigation etc.) The orange crop requires much more rainfall and irrigation than other crops in study area. But since, the Vidarbha region is famous for production of oranges; many farmers are taking this as a commercial crop. Comparatively less amount of water is required for Jowar crop.

References
Alfarra, Amani (2004), Modeling Water Resource Management in Lake Naivasha; MS Thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of Enschede DWAF (2001a): Olifants River Ecological Water Requirements Assessment: Upper Olifants Comprehensive Ecological Reserve (Water Quantity); Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria McCartney, M.P.; Magagula T.F. and Seshoka, J. (2004): Hydrology and water resources development in the Olifants River Catchment; IWMI Theme 1: working paper McCartney, M.P.; Yawson, D.K. and Huber-Lee, A. (2005): Simulating water resource development in the Olifants catchment, South Africa; IWMI Theme 1: working paper. Midgley, D.C.; Pitman, W.V. and Middleton, B.J. (1994): Surface Water Resources of South Africa, Volumes I, II, III, IV, V and VI; Reports Nos. 298/1.1/94, 298/2.1/94, 298/3.1/94, 298/4.1/94, 298/5.1/94 and 298/6.1/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.

THANK YOU

Photos of field survey

Pedhi river

Field area of the wheat crops

Irrigation system for agriculture

Orange trees in the field