A repeater

Its,an,system that relays a passed on indication. ,Iit gets,a indication,on a particular regulariity, thin improves nd rebrodcasts iit. By incresing thi indication, a repeater improves thi indication variety of thi unique indication. Repeaters have many programms, but in,processing thiy are most widely,used in Wi-Fi systems. For example, a Wi-Fi system in a huge hom may,advantage frm using one or mor repeaters 2,communicate thi indication 2 difrnt places of thi house. House that have,s2ne surface or concrete surface,may also frm having a repeater communicate thi indication around thi hurdle.

Functionaliity
A repeater is thi easiestservice used for system network, whose major operateis 2 get a system indication frm one LAN terminal wire section nd 2 regroup nd retrnsmiit thi indication as iit is in iits unique durabliity over a one or mor othirwire section. Generally repeater regeneratesthi durabiliity of thi indication before transferring iitRepeaters operate in thi OSI model Physicallayr nd are transparent 2 all thi pro2cols operating in thi layrs above thi Physicallayr. A specific LAN execution usually places a restricton thi actual size of a single cablesection. Thi restrict is based on thiactual methodnd indication techniques used As alerts journey alonga system wire (or any othirstrategy of transmision), thiy decreasednd become modified in a procedure that isknown as attenuation. If a wire islengthy enough, thi attenuation will lastly create aindicationunrecognizable by thi iitem. A Repeater allows alerts2 journey time differ over a system. Repeaters perform at thi OSI's Actual element. A repeaterregenerates thi obtained alerts nd thin retransmiitsthi regenerated (or condiitioned) alerts on othir

Usage

sections. 2 complete informtionthrough thi repeater in a useful style frm one place 2 thinext, thi providers nd thi Sensible Web linkManagement (LLC) methods must be thi sam onthi each place. What this implies is that a repeater will not allow relationships, for example, between an 802.3 place (Ethirnet) ndan 802.5 place (2ken Ring). That is, thiy caannot convert an Ethirnet programm in2 a Symbol Team programm. In othir circumstances, repeaters do not convert anything.

Example of how this work

Two LAN wire place in anEthirnet LAN that both use basebnd indicationcould be connected wiith a repeater. Difrnt kindsof actual indication strategycaan be connected using a efficiently developed repeaterprovided that thiy manage identical kind of,indication, as described below: Ethirnet repeaters are available that allows all thi various kinds of basebnd Ethirnetindication strategy, such as 10baseT, Coaxial wire, 10base2 nd transformedseveral wire place 2be connected in thi sam LAN

Advantages of a repeater

Disadvantages of a repeater
Repeaters provideno method for,isolating trafic generated on one cable sgmnt,frm trafic generated by thi othir,cable sgmnt When network uses,a repeater 2 connect,cable sgmnt A 2 sgmnt,B whethir,or not thire is a station in sgmnt B that is,thi,destination of thi signal

Easy2 connect Costeffective Abiliity 2,enhance signal

Bridges:
When a road needs 2 extend across a river or valley, a bridge is built 2 connect thi two lnd masses. Since thi average car caannot swim or fly, thi bridge makes iit possible for au2mobiles 2 continue driving frm one lnd mass 2 anothir.

Functionaliity
A bridge works at thi data link layr of thi OSI model, mening that iit operates using thi physical addresses of thi machines. In realiity, thi bridge is linked 2 several local area networks, called sgmnts. Thi bridge creates a function table wiith thi machines' addresses nd thi sgmnts thiy belong 2, nd "listens" 2 thi data runing through thi sgmnts.

Usage
Like a repeater, a bridge caan join sgmnts or workgrop LANs. However, a bridge caan also divide a network 2 isolate trafic or problems. For example, if thi volume of trafic frm one or two computers or a single department is flooding thi network wiith data nd slowing down entire operation, a bridge caan isolate those computers or that department. In thi following figure, a bridge is used 2 connect two sgmnt 1 nd sgmnt 2.

Bridges caan be used 2: Expnd thi distnce of a sgmnt. Provide for an increased number of computers on thi network. Reduce trafic bottlenecks resulting frm an excessive number of attached computers. Bridges work at thi Data Link Layr of thi OSI model. Becase thiy work at this layr, all informtion contained in thi higher levels of thi OSI model is unavailable 2 thim. Thirefore, thiy do not distinguish between one pro2col nd anothir. Bridges simply pass all pro2cols along thi network. Becase all pro2cols pass across thi bridges, iit is up 2 thi individual computers 2 determine which pro2cols thiy caan recognize. A bridge works on thi principle that each network node has iits own address. A bridge forwards thi packets based on thi address of thi particular destination node. Here is a diagram of a bridge:

Advantages of Bridge:
Simple bridges ,are inexpensive Simple, configration ,modes Isolate collision, domains wiith micro-sgmntation Does not limiit thi scope of brodcast Does not scale 2 extremely large networks

Disadvantages of Bridge:

Routers:
This is a components system that tracks informtion (hence thi name) frm a (LAN) 2 anothir system connection. A router acts like a coin sorting machine, allowing only authorized machines 2 connect 2 othir computer systems. Most routers also keep log fils about thi local network activiity.

Functionaliity
Routers used in networks perform thi following functions:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Restrict brodcasts 2 thi LAN Act as thi default gateway. Move (route) data between networks Learn nd advertise loop free paths In an environment consisting of several network sgmnts wiith difrnt pro2cols nd archiitecture, a bridge may not be adequate for ensuring fast communication among all of thi sgmnts. A complex network needs a device, which not only knows thi address of each sgmnt, but also caan determine thi best path for sending data nd filtering brodcast trafic 2 thi local sgmnt. Such device is called a Router. Routers work at thi Network layr of thi OSI model mening that thi Routers caan swiitch h nd route packets across multiple networks. Thiy do this by exchanging pro2col-specific informtion between separate networks. Routers have access 2 mor informtion in packets than bridges, nd use this informtion 2 improve packet deliveries. Routers are usually used in a complex network siituation becase thiy provide better trafic management than bridges nd do not pass brodcast trafic.

Usage

Advantages
Router forwards data basd on routing algoriithms 2 othir routers or hosts. Thi advantages of a router are that data caan be transferred between difrnt networks yu caan use both LAN nd WAN connectiviity. Thi router has many difrnt connections which connect 2 lots of archiitecture nd media for thi internet nd internal use wiithin an organization. Iit is useful for sending data across becase iit determines thi best route nd paths 2 get 2 thi right data 2 thi target node. Router has domain which brings less colisionz.

Disadvantages
Routing software decrypts thi encrypted data, so iits vulnerable period during which attacker caan attack wiithin thi router Routers need 2 be configured 2 enable incoming conection 2 a certain computer.