Group 5

Chemistry Curriculum Study

International Chemistry Education Faculty Mathematics and Natural Science State University of Surabaya 2012
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Standard Competence Understanding periodic system

Basic Competences the Writing the simple electron configuration Explaining periodic system arrangement based on electron configuration

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Objectives. .
1. 2. 3. 4.

After learning this chapter, you are expected to be able to :

Explain the development of periodic table Explain basic particle of elements (proton, neutron, electron) Explain the basic of element grouping in the periodic table Determine the electron configuration and valence electron

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Concept Map..
Periodic System

The development of Periodic System

Electron Configuratio

Basic Particle of Elements

Element Grouping

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1829

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (Triads) John A. R. Newlands (Law of Octaves)

1864

History of Periodic Table Development

1869 and 1870

Dmitry Mendeleyev and Julius Lothar Meyer (Periodic Law)

1930

Short-Form Periodic Table

Henry G.J Moseley (Modern Periodic Table) Page 5

1914

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (Triads)

The examples of triads are: Chlorine, bromine and iodine. Calcium, strontium, and barium. Iron, cobalt, and manganese
Mass of Strontium = (Mass of Calcium + Mass of Barium) : 2 Page 6

John A. R. Newlands (Law of Octaves) He listed the elements in the order based on the increase of atomic weights and he noted that a given properties of the elements in the list, recurs at every eighth element called law of octaves.
1H 8F 2Li 9Na 3Be 10Mg 4B 11Al 5C 12Si 6N 13P 7O 14S

15Cl
22Co&

16K
23Cu

17Ca
24Zn

18Ti
25Y

19Cr
26In

20Mn
27As

21Fe
28Se

Ni

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Mendeleyevs Periodic Table

They proposed a chemical law that the properties of all the elements are periodic functions of their atomic mass called periodic law. Mendeleyev and Meyer grouped about 66 elements based on the increase of their atomic mass.

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Short-Form Periodic Table In 1930 the scientists developed the new periodic table which is the development of Mendeleyevs periodic table called short-form periodic table.

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Long-Form Periodic Table (Modern Periodic Table)

Henry G. J. Moseley found that the propeties of elements are periodic function of their atomic number. In modern periodic table: Period is the placement row of the elements is in the horizontal lines. Group is the placement of the elements is in the vertical columns.

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Modern Periodic Table

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Atomic mass

A Z

X
Atomic number

Atoms name

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Z Number of protons = number of electrons A Number of proton + number of neutrons

A-Z Number of neutrons

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Sample Problem ! Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for :

16

8 O

19 9

F
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For Oxygen, A = 16 Z=8 A-Z = 8 Thus, number of : Protons = 8 Electrons = 8 Neutrons = 8 For Fluor, A = 19 Z=9 A-Z = 10 Thus, number of : Protons = 9 Electrons = 9 Neutrons = 10
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A. Period
In modern periodic table, elements are grouped into 7 periods that consist of :
Shortest Period Period 1, consist of 2 elements Short Period Period 2 and 3, each consist of 8 elements Long Period

Period 4 and 5, each consist of 18 elements Longest Period

Period 6, consist of 32 elements Uncomplete Period Period 7

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B. GROUP
Elements which take placed in one group are the elements having the similar propertied of one another. The group of element in periodical table is distinguish into principal group (A) and transition group (B)

Principal
Group

Alkali Metals (IA)

Alkaline Earth Metals (IIA) Halogen (VIIA)

Noble Gases (VIIIA)

Transition
IB VIII B (Principal transition metals)

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Atomic Structure
Atom is consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus of atom consist of protons and neutrons, while the electrons revolving the nucleus on a certain path. The path of the electrons in atom is often called shell of atom.

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HELIUM ATOM
proton Shell

2He
electron

neutron

What do these particles consist of?

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The maximum number of electrons on each atom shell

Shell K L M N O n 1 2 3 4 5 Maximum electrons (2n2) 2 8 18 32 50

....

....

....
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Electron Configuration
Electron configuration is a method to depict the electron spreading in a atom. Electron spreading on the shells of atom done by filling of each shell from K, L, M,N, O and so forth.
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The shell of atoms

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Example: Electron configuration for principal group in one group (group VII A)
Electron Configuration

Element

Atomic Number

F Cl
Br

9 17
35

2 2
2

7 8
8

7
8

53

18

18

7
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The number of valence electrons in an atom is determine properties of the atom, especially for its chemical properties. The number of valence electrons of a given element atom represent the number element group, especially for the principal group elements. The number of an element atom shell express the element period number.
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Electrons of the first elements atom will occupy one shell only, that is K shell (n =1). For example : Helium which having atomic number of 2, then two electron of helium will occupy K shell only.

Means that He is in first period and IIA group.

2He

=2

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In the second period elements, their electrons will occupy 2 shells, those are K (n = 1) and L (n = 2). For example: Fluorin having the atomic number of 9.

Means that F is in second period and VIIA group.

9F

= 2, 7

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In the third period elements, their electrons will occupy 3 shells, those are K (n = 1), L (n = 2), and M(n =3). For example: Sulfur having the atomic number of 16.

16S = 2, 8, 6 Means that S is in third

period and VIA group.

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In the fourth period elements, their electrons will occupy 4 shells, those are K (n = 1), L (n = 2), M(n = 3) and N(n = 4). For example: As having the atomic number of 33.

33As = 2, 8, 18, 5 Means that As is in fourth period and IVA group.

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Sample Problem
Determine the electron configuration, period, and group of : a. 17 Cl b. 20 Ca c. 35 Br

YOU HAVE 1 MINUTES TO DO THIS PROBLEM

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