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28.02.2012, page 1
Contents
What is the Finite Element Method? Modeling with ANSYS - Element type - Modelling of composite materials
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For many engineering problems analytical solutions are not suitable because of the complexity of the material properties, the boundary conditions and the structure itself. The basis of the finite element method is the representation of a body or a structure by an assemblage of subdivisions called finite elements.
The Finite Element Method translates partial differential equation problems into a set of linear algebraic equations.
K q F
Stiffness matrix Nodal vector force Nodal displacement vector Reference: Introduction to the finite element method, C. S. Desai and J. F. Abel, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1972.
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Contents
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ELEMENT TYPE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
MESH DEFINITION
ANALYSIS
POST PROCESSING
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The geometry and the element type have to be considered together. Shell element are typically used for structure where the thickness is negligible compared to its length and width Nevertheless, a plate modeled with solid element would provide similar results. The disadvantage lies in the computation time. Ansys provides a large choices of elements.
Shell181 Shell281 Solid186
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The geometry is defined with key points that are connect together to obtain either an area or a volume.
4:(0,0.5,0)
3:(1,0.5,0) 1:(0,0,0)
2:(1,0,0)
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Orthotropic material:
1. Determination of the engineering constants (Using C.A.P.)
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Sections:
Build laminates in Ansys
(Preprocessor- Sections- Shell- Layup- Add/Edit) Or: sect,1,shell,,up secdata, 0.2,2,45,3 secdata, 0.2,2,-45,3 secdata, 0.2,2,45,3 secoffset,MID seccontrol,,,, , , ,
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Before meshing, it is necessary 1. To select the geometry to mesh 2. To give a material type 3. To give an element type
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3. Select a section
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Coordinate system:
Plot element cs: PlotCtrls- Symbols- ESYS Element coordinate sys (on) Create local cs:local,12,0,0,0,0,45,45,45
give number
offset, rotation
Cartesian
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Displacements constraints
nsel,s,loc,x,50-1,50+1 nsel,r,loc,y,-1,1 cm,support1,node nsel,s,loc,x,550-1,550+1 nsel,r,loc,y,-1,1 cm,support2,node cmsel,s,support1,node cmsel,s,support1,node cmsel,a,support2,node cmsel,a,support2,node D,all, , , , , ,uy, , , , , D,all, , , , , ,uy, , , , ,
Select other nodes and fix displacements to get a statically determinate structure
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Loads introduction: The load is introduced into the structure by a rigid cylinder, that contributes to distribute the stresses. How can we model this effect? Simple line load Modeling the cylinder and the contact
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Select nodes and create component mid Create rigid element between the nodes (Couple DOF) Apply a force on each node
! Target element type: rigid cylinder ET,11,Targe170 ! Contact element type: deformable elements ET,12,Conta174 ! Setting contact options KEYOPT,12,4,2 KEYOPT,12,5,1 KEYOPT,12,9,1 KEYOPT,12,10,2 KEYOPT,12,11,1 KEYOPT,12,12,0 KEYOPT,12,2,0 KEYOPT,11,1,0 KEYOPT,11,2,1 KEYOPT,11,3,0 KEYOPT,11,5,0 ! Real Constant radius = 15 R,20,radius,radius,1.0,0.1,0, !Real Constants Real,20 RMORE,,,1.0E20,0.0,1.0, RMORE,0.0,0,1.0,,1.0,0.5 RMORE,0,1.0,1.0,0.0,,1.0 ! Contact material, friction coefficient MP,MU,13,0.01 Mat,13
! Mesh deformable contact elements asel,s,area,,4 nsla lsel,s,line,,3,7,4 nsll,a nsel,r,loc,x,l/2-15,l/2+15 Real,20 Type,12 Esurf ! Create rigid target element N,100000,l/2,h+radius+.1,-b/2 N,100001,l/2,h+radius+.1,1.5*b N,100002,l/2,h+radius+.1,b/2 Real,20 Type,11 TSHAP,CYLI E,100000,100001 TSHAP,PILO E,100002 ! Reverse normal vector ESEL,S,TYPE,,12 ESEL,R,REAL,,20 ESURF,,REVERSE !Loads nsel,s,node,,100002 f,all,fy,-10000
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