IMPROVED PERTURBATION AND OBSERVATION METHOD (IP80) MPPT OF CONTROL FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS

Youngseok Jung). Junghun So), Gwonjong Yu), Jaeho Choi) Institute of Energy Research, 71-2 Jang-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaesin-dong. Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea

)Korea
)

ABSTRACTS

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) system to maximize the PV array output power irrespective of temperature and irradiation conditions. In this paper, an improved perturbation and observation method (IP&O)based on adaptive algorithm is proposed, which is automatically adjusts the reference step size and hysteresis bandwidth for power cum parison. The digital signal processor (DSP) was used to implement the proposed MPPT control system, which controls the dcldc boost converter in the 3kW gridconnected PV power system. The experimental results show that the IP80 increases the total PV output power by 0.5% at an unsettled weather condition compare to traditional perturbation and observation method (PgO).
INTRODUCTION

Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of a PV module

The most common equivalent circuit of PV module is shown in Fig. 1. The characteristics equation for this PV However, the equation has model is given by (I)., parameters, which are uncertain values. In this paper, the simplified equation is proposed which have onty one uncertain parameter A [3].

The output characteristic of photovoltaic (PV) a m y is nonlinear and it changes with atmospheric conditions (e.g. irradiance and temperature). Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller must be integrated in PV power system to obtain maximum power of PV amy. There are many MPPT control strategies, but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPPT algorithms are favored because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays [l]. The perturbation and observation method (PgO), which moves the operation point of array toward the maximum power point (MPP) by periodically of a m y output voltage, is often used in many PV systems using digital signal processor (DSP). It works well when the irradiance changed very slowly, but the P&O method fails to track the MPP when irradiance changed suddenly by having slow dynamic response [2J. In this paper, the improved perturbation and observation method (IP&O) is proposed. The IPBO method is implemented in a sohare program with adaptive algorithm, which automatically adjust the reference voltage step size and hysteresis band to achieve dynamic response and search exactly MPP under rapidly changing condition.

where
, I
= Isc. h

and V and I
IPH

cell output voltage and current light-generated current short circuit current at 25C and 1kWlrn solar irradiation in kWlm electron charge (= 1.60206e-19) Boltzmanns constant (= 1.38044e-23) cell temperature in C ideality factor (= 0.2464) cell open voltage.

Isc h q
k

A VOPEN

PV MODULE CHARACTERISTICS

The theoretical and measured data of the output characteristics of a commercial PV array is shown in Fig. 2. It is shown that the proposed equation is quite similar to actual PV system. The PV array simulator which used in expmments control its output current and voltage according to the equation (1).

0-7803-8707-4/051$20.00 02005 IEEE.

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ld

meaetical

measured

iz

NO

(a)
JWO
2500

; G
n

150)

Fig. 3. flowchart of the P&O method.

Improved P A 0 method (IP80)
0
50

5 im
500
0

i w

7%

2w

w)

300

PVanayvoUaagsM

(b)

Fig. 2. Theoretical and measured PV output characteristics, (a) current-voltage and (b) power-voltage characteristics. FEATURES OF MPPT CONTROL METHOD

The flowchart of the I P 8 0 method is shown in Fig. 4. The improved P&O method is introduced, based on hysteresis band and auto-tuning perturbation step. As discussed in [SI,there is trade-off between dynamic response and steady state due to the selection of 'dv". the perturbation step.

dt = Il(kJ- I(k-l)l

PV power system, the switching mode dddc converter and output characteristics of PV array are
In

P(k)= V(k)'l(k)

nonlinear systems. Therefore, the MPPT control methods are more complex and more expensive for the good performance [2].
Perturbationand observation method (P&O)

A P&O method is the most simple, which moves the operating point toward the maximum power point periodically increasing or decreasing the PV array voltage by comparing power quantities between in the present and in the past. The flowchart of the P&O method is illustrated in Fig. 3. The drawbacks.will be analyzed in following paragraphs. It was proved that the P&O method control system sometimes deviates from the maximum operating point. When the MPP is reached, the P%O method will oscillate around it in case of constant or slowly varying atmospheric conditions. This problem can be solved to decrease the perturbation step, however, the tracking response will be slower [4]. In case of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, the P&O method can occasionally make the system operation point far from the MPP I5-61. These control probfems may be reduce by improving the algorithm. In the following sections, a modified tracking algorithm will be presented as an improved P&O method.

I I

Fig. 4. Flowchart of the improved P&O method.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
28.0 V

To compare the control performances between in the PBO method and in the lP&O method, the high precision PV array simulator and 3kW gridconnected PV inverter was used. The high precision PV array simulator can be simulated exactly PV array output power with various irradiance by equation (1). Therefore, this is a pair method to compare system performance bemuse all MPPT control methods can be tested under the same operating conditions.

1.80 P

105%

IDD%

5
I

95%

90%

D
28.0 V

!
L

'g
a

65%

n 80%
75%

70%

65% I
0.1

0 . 2

0.3

0.4

0.5

06 .

0.7

0.8

0.9

i
IE

irradince pw/m

'1
s
B U
*
I

Fig. 5. Results of the MPPT efficiency in steady state.

(b)

p::,]
I-[
[ill
18
L

Fig. 7. System Responses under sudden irradiance change from 50% to 25%, (a) P80,(b) IP80.

1000
2500

1 2000
P

5 1500
io00 500
0 9:s

1019

1O:M

[El

11:W

1t34

11:SS

f224

1249

13:14

Tlmw

p";.]

Fig. 8. MPPT tracking 'power results in the unsettled 1 weather condition. According to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the system response of the IPBO method has faster dynamic response and higher induced-power than the PBO method has. The overall MPPT tracking efficiencies of lP&O method are also higher as around 0.5% in the unsettled weather condition than those of P&O method are, which shown in Fig. 8.
(b)

p q '
10
5

Fig, 6. System responses under sudden irradiance change from 50% to 70%, (a) P&O, (b) IP80.

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CONCLUSION

The PV array output power delivered to the load

can be maximized using MPPT control method. A modified MPPT methqd, namely improved perturbation and
observation method (iP&O), was presented in this paper. The adaptive algorithm was implemented to satisfy the good dynamic response and steady-state performances. The improved tracking performance of this proposed method was verified through experiment. The IP&O method shows better steady state performance and total PV output power increases 0.5% than traditional P 8 0 in the unsettled weather condition.
REFERENCES

[I] E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitrakis and N.C. Voulgaris, "Development of a Microcontroller-Based, Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System", E Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 16, pp. 46-54, Jan. 2001
[Z] C. Hua, J. Lin and C. Shen, "Implementation of a DSPControlled Photovoltaic . System with Peak Power Tracking", lEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, pp. 99-107, Feb. 1998 [3] Y. Jung, G.Yu, J. So, J. Choi and J. Choi, "A Study of MPPT Algorithm for PV PCS", Proceeding of KlEE SAC, vol. 8, pp. 1359-1361, 2003 [4] K.H. Hussein, 1. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada, "Maximum photovoltaic power tracking : an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions", IEE P m . Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 142, pp. 59-63, Jan. 1995 [5] W. Xiaa and W.G. Dunford, 'A modified adaptive hill climbing method for photovoltaic power systems". in f m c . IEEE 35th PESC.vol. 3, pp. 1957-1963, June 2004

[S]T. Senju and K. Uezato. "Maximum power point tracker

using fuzzy control for photovoltaic arrays", in Proc. EEE

Int. Conf Industrial Tecbnobgy, pp. 143-147, 1994

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