UP TO DATE NO.

39 JANUARY 2012

PUBLICATION OF AAWA-ASSOCIATION

http://antiwar.com

US and Israel use MEK to commit terrorism-byproxy

Anti War, January 26 2012 Scott Horton of Antiwar Radio interviewed Philip Giraldi on December13, 2011. In this interview, produced for KPFK 90.7 FM Los Angeles, Former CIA officer Philip Giraldi reprises and expands on his previous interview about his article Washingtons Secret Wars, Obamas newly signed findings that authorize covert operations to destabilize the Iranian and Syrian governments, how the US and Israel use the Baluch Jundallah, Kurdish PJAK and MEK groups to commit terrorism-by-proxy, and the MEKs energetic and well funded campaign to get de-listed as a terrorist group. Philip Giraldi, a former CIA officer, is a contributing editor to The American Conservative and executive director of the Council for the National Interest. He writes regularly for Antiwar.com. Below is a brief report on the interview published by Habilian Association. Philip Giraldi, former CIA counter-terrorism officer and executive director of the Council for the National Interest was interviewed by Scott Horton on Antiwar Radio and elaborated on US and Israeli efforts to destabilize Iran above all the latest assassination. "I think that's people who have been recruited by either CIA or Mossad and have been trained and sent back into Iran," said Philip Giraldi regarding the assassins of Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan, Iranian scientist assassinated in Tehran on Wednesday, January 11, 2012, Habilian Association database (families of Iranian terror victims) reported on Wednesday. The contributing editor to the American Conservative Magazine added that, "I suspect they (assassins) were recruited out of MEK (Mujahedin-e Khalq) which is why we're seeing so much stuff in support of MEK coming out of various politicians and other interest groups." Because MEK is kind of their boys, their cutting edge in terms of getting inside Iran and carrying out these kinds of operations," Giraldi further explained. "Because MEK is kind of their boys, their cutting edge in terms of getting inside Iran and carrying out these kinds of operations," included Giraldi, adding that having been an experienced CIA case officer, "I understand how the stuff works a lot better than somebody in a newspaper." He went on to say that a Mossad or CIA officer does not have the ability to go inside Iran and carry out an operation, concluding that they have acquired somebody else who can do it for them "and in this case there are some obvious candidates, MEK (Mujahedin-e Khalq, MKO) would be I think the most prominent." He made reference to US and Israeli actions against Syria and Iran and emphasized that in the case of Iran they know they cannot overthrow the regime, adding that, "it's the question of setting up a bunch of relationships and employing various covert actions to destabilize (and) to make the Iranian government waste a lot of resources on dealing with these problems." Former CIA agent Philip Giraldi also described the assassinations of Iranian scientists as "to be somewhat ineffective."

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http://www.eurasiareview.com/16012012-when-is-a-terrorist-not-a-terrorist-war-with-iran-or-not-oped/

When Is A Terrorist Not A Terrorist? War With Iran Or Not?

... In the case of the assassination of Iranian scientists, the Mossads assets are almost certainly members of the Mujahedin -e Khalq Organization (MKO) also known as The Peoples Mujahedin of Iran, which is committed to overthrowing the regime of the ruling mullahs. Many of its activists are based in Iraqi Kurdistan where Mossad has a substantial presence. It does the training there, selects the targets in Iran and provides the bombs and other weapons, and MKO members do the actual killing... Written by: Alan Hart , January 16, 2012 The longer and complete form of the first question in the headline is When is a terrorist not a terrorist in the eyes of the Obama administration (not to mention all of its predecessors) and the governments of the Western world? Answer: When he or she is an Israeli Mossad agent or asset. In the case of the assassination of Iranian scientists, the Mossads assets are almost certainly members of the Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO) also known as The Peoples Mujahedin of Iran, which is committed to overthrowing the regime of the ruling mullahs. Many of its activists are based in Iraqi Kurdistan where Mossad has a substantial presence. It does the training there, selects the targets in Iran and provides the bombs and other weapons, and MKO members do the actual killing. Its reasonable to presume that Mossad is more comfortable operating out of Iraqi Kurdistan with Iranian MKO assets than it was when its own agents were posing as CIA officers to recruit members of Jundallah, a Pakistan-based Sunni extremist organization, to carry out assassinations and attacks on installations and facilities in Iran. Some of the essence of that Israeli false flag operation has been revealed by Mark Perry in an article for Foreign Policy. His report is based on information he acquired about memos buried deep in the archives of Americas intelligence services which were written in the last years of President George Dubya Bushs administration, plus conversations he had with two currently serving U.S. intelligence officials and four retired intelligence officers who worked for the CIA or monitored Israeli intelligence operations from senior positions inside the U.S. government. According to Perrys sources, one of whom has seen the memos, the Mossad agents who were posing as CIA agents to recruit Jundallah operatives had American passports and were flush with American dollars. The memos tell the story of an investigation which debunked reports from 2007 and 2008 accusing the CIA, at the direction of the White House, of covertly supporting Jundallah. The investigation apparently showed that the U.S. had barred even the most incidental contact with Jundallah. The memos also gave details of CIA field reports on Mossads recruitment of Jundallah operatives, mainly in London and under the nose of U.S. intelligence officials. Perrys sources confessed to being stunned by the brazenness of Mossads efforts. And one of them said: Its amazing what the Israelis thought they could get away with. Their recruitment activities were nearly in the open. They apparently didnt give a damn about what we thought. I take issue with the first part of that statement. What is really amazing is not what Mossad and almost of Israels political and military leaders think they can get away with, but what they KNOW they can get away with because of the Zionist lobbys control of Congress on all matters relating to policy for the conflict in and over Palestine that became Israel.

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And that in turn is why, generally speaking, Israels leaders dont give a damn about what American administrations think, They come and go but the Zionist lobbys control of Congress is a permanent fixture. (In private conversation with General Moshe Dayan when he was Israels defence minister, I once summed up Israels unspeakable but implicit message to the governments of the world in the following way. We know we shouldnt have done this but weve done it because we also know theres nothing you can do about it. Dayan didnt comment but the look on his face said something like, Youre right but Im not going to say so.) Though Israel doesnt usually comment on reports about Mossads activities, a senior government spokesman described Perrys account of Mossad agents posing as CIA agents as absolute nonsense. As I was reading the denial I used a Jimmy Carter expression BS (Bull Shit). After the latest assassination of an Iranian scientist, Rick Santorum, the right-wing religious joker in the pack of Republican presidential hopefuls, said this: On occasions scientists working on the nuclear program in Iran turn up dead. I think thats a wonderful thing. A different view was offered by Jewish American journalist Richard Silverstein. For his weblog Tikun Olam he wrote this: These are shameful acts by a shameful Israeli government exploiting Iranian terrorists for their own ends. I find it disgusting that Israel can get away with such acts with impunity. Disgusting it certainly is but theres no mystery about why Israel can commit crimes including acts of naked state terrorism without fear of being called and held to account for them by the UN Security Council. When after the 1967 war it refused to label the Zionist state as the aggressor and require it to withdraw from the newly occupied Arab lands without conditions, it effectively created, at the insistence of the U.S., two sets of rules for the behaviour of nations one set for all the nations of the world minus Israel and the other exclusively for Israel. That was the birth of the double standard which is the cancer at the heart of Western foreign policy. Now lets pause for a moment to imagine what the response would have been if Iranian agents or assets had assassinated an Israeli scientist (just one) in the Zionist state. Led by America, Western governments would have bellowed their condemnation of the terrorism and pledged full support for all efforts to hunt the terrorists down and bring them to justice. And they would, of course, have blamed the government of Iran even if there was not one shred of evidence of its authorization. The assassination of an Israeli scientist might even have tipped the Washington decisionmaking balance in favour of the mad men who want the U.S. either to attack Iran or give Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu the green light to go, with or without nuclear

tipped, bunker-busting bombs. And Israel? How would it have responded? With or without a green light from President Obama it almost certainly would have bombed selected targets in Iran, even if doing so was likely to set the region on fire and do vast damage to Western interests in the region and the whole Muslim world. (As I note in my book Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews, in the chapter headed The Liberty Affair Pure Murder on a Great Day, the lesson of the cold-blooded Israeli attack on the American spy ship was that there is nothing the Zionist state might not do, to its friends as well as its enemies, in order to get its own way). Now At the risk of inviting a charge from some and perhaps many readers that I am naive in the extreme, I have to say I am inclined to the view that the Obama administration was telling the truth when it strongly denied any American complicity in the latest Israeli/MKO assassination. The New York Times put it this way: The assassination drew an unusually strong condemnation from the White House and the State Department, which disavowed any American complicity The United States had absolutely nothing to do with this, said Tommy Vietor, a spokesman for the National Security Council. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton appeared to expand the denial beyond Wednesdays killing, categorically denying any United States involvement in any kind of act of violence inside Iran. The NYT report then quoted Mrs. Clinton as saying this: We believe that there has to be an understanding between Iran, its neighbours and the international community that finds a way forward for it to end its provocative behaviour, end its search for nuclear weapons and rejoin the international community,

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http://edalatjusticesociety.com/pages/?id=2214

MKO hanging in a vague future and past!!!!

... The organization has never been a moderate one in its approaches. They never agreed with Islamist activists who were also struggling before the Revolution. Mr. Hassan Azizi [former MKO member]'s testimony proves the issue:The MKO used to quarrel with Islamists in the prison. They used to offend them [their co-prisoners] telling them Until we are, you mustnt be. Asked about Massoud Rajavis personality, he replied:he is an evil under the cover of human. ...
Mohammad Saad, Almurakeb-al-Iraqi, January 11 2012 Translated by Nejat Society http://www.nejatngo.org/en/post.aspx?id=4153 Original in Arabic http://www.almurakeb-aliraqi.com/

The article has been written completely based on testimonies of some former members of the Mujahedin Khalq Organization and films and documents obtained from former Iraqi regime. It does not contain any personal position. I woke up late in the morning. I fumbled toward my desk. As usual I took my cell phone to check my calls. I saw an unknown phone number that brought me totally on the alert. Immediately I called back, excited to know who would get the call The next day, I left home for a hotel in Baghdad while I hadnt slept the previous night at all. I wanted to visit a group of Iranians who had come to Iraq from both Europe and Iran for one single cause: revealing one of the most mysterious and active covert political and intelligence organizations that I had already gathered a little information about. The organization was founded by a group of Islamist political activists, Mohammad Hanif nejad, Saeed Mohsen and Ali Asghar badeezadegan who started their armed struggle following the June 5th,1963 (Khordad 15th,1342) uprising in Iran. They were inspired by Latin America armed movements. Two years later in 1965 they founded their organization that was not named Mojahedin Khalq yet and was simply called the Organization by its members. Their cause was the overthrow of Pahlavi regime that arrested and executed a large number of the organizations activists shortly after. In 1971, thirteen MKO leaders including Massoud Rajavi were sentenced to death. Massoud Rajavi could suspiciously survive that death penalty. The organization has never been a moderate one in its approaches. They never agreed with Islamist activists who were also struggling before the Revolution. Mr. Hassan Azizi

[former MKO member]'s testimony proves the issue:The MKO used to quarrel with Islamists in the prison. They used to offend them [their co-prisoners] telling them Until we are, you mustnt be. Asked about Massoud Rajavis personality, he replied:he is an evil under the cover of human. To support his claim, he said, We got to know that the Iranian government had suspected one of the team bases that had housed the organizations number two, Musa Khiabani and his wife Azar Rezaiee and Massoud Rajavis first wife, Ashraf Rabiee'. "According to the group security regulations, the place had to be immediately abandoned for 48 hours in order to make sure about the safety of the place after that they could return. But Massoud Rajavi called from France and assured them that the base was not recognized [by security forces] and that they would be able to stay there. Then the government forces besieged the house and after two hours of armed clashes [the MKO] agents were killed. Besides, when all the group leaders were imprisoned and then executed by the Pahlavi regime, he [Rajavi] was the only one who survived. He also said:in 1383, National Council of Resistance was established by Iranian opposition movements including Kurdistan Democratic Party led by Dr. Qasemlou - who was suspiciously murdered in Viene, Austeria- National Democratic Front led by Hedayat Allah Matin Daftari and famous personalities like former Iranian president Abul Hassan BaniSadr. [The NCRI] intended to create a free region in Iranian Kurdistan. Following the hammering of Kurdistan by Iranian government, we were transformed to Alan Heights in Iraq, under Massoud Rajavis order. [In Iraq] we were busy-minded with a question: what are we

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doing in a country hostile to Iran? There, the aims of the organization were not clear to members so most dissident members were killed by Rajavi in ambiguous ways. The followings are some methods used by the MKO to cope with dissident members who opposed the MKOs move to Iraq: 1.They were killed under the scenario designated by some of their extremist comrades 2.They were shot by their own comrades who had no idea who they were shooting at.(like what happened in AlShaabania Operation) 3.They were sent on armed mission inside Iran and then the group leaders would betray their haven to the Iranian government. 4.They were imprisoned in prisons in Camp Ashraf, where they were tortured to give up their disagreement with the group otherwise they would be transfered to abu Quraib prison. Most of the defectors of the group who had first joined it before Islamic Revolution, stated that they were shocked by the deviations took place in the organization after its leadership was excluded to Massoud Rajavi. This man has highly obsessive ideas against males. He replaced all male members of their Elite Council with female members. At the present time the top number two and three of the organization are two women respectively Maryam Rajavi and Mahvash Sepehri. Even the commander of Camp Ashraf is a woman called Mozhgan Parsaiee. One of the female defectors of the group, Batoul Soltani says: when Massoud Rajavi had a meeting with a woman, no man was allowed to enter. Men became Minor to women after the ideological revolution. This womanholic is so smart; he has a deep insight that has so far helped him maintain his activities. About Massoud Rajavi, she says:all dictators around the world believe in at least a few limitations for themselves. For example, some dictators try to preserve their dignity and pride and say, I dont make relations with America or Soviet Union. But Massoud Rajavi had links with the US and other Western countries while he claimed to struggle against Imperialism, at the same time he was connected to the Soviet Union too. No ideological limits prevented him from working with either of them. One can accurately grant Massoud Rajavi the title political genius because of his methods of controlling bodies and minds of his group members hence no one is found in the organization, who is not afraid of him, even if

members hate him whole-heartedly. Before going to his manipulation methods to control bodies and soles, lets have a look on his recruitment methods: 1.They recruit the 17 to 22 year-old youth by chanting slogans , they claim that they struggle against religious extremism and reactionary Islam and for freedom of Iranian nation. 2.They trap young Iranians under the pretext of transferring to Europe. A large number of human smugglers who worked for the MKO in Turkey and Pakistan had been cooperating with two travel agencies called Nabtia and Delta, according to a document obtained from Intelligence Service of former Iraqi Baath regime. Based on the document, when an Iranian young wanted to immigrate to Europe, the smuggler would convince him to go there via Baghdad and Jordan. They would be transferred to Iraq through Jordan without having any official document, just with the help of both countries security services. However, keeping these individuals in the organization required some procedures and tactics used by the group. 1 - Exhausting Labour All members work (physically active) 16 to 18 hours a day so that they find no time to think. I refer to one of Rajavis quotes in a meeting with his Elite Council: I ask you to turn them into skinny and boney guys in order that they are not able to oppose." 2 - Physical and mental surveillance In Camp Ashraf nobody is allowed to traverse alone. Every member has to be in company with a superior or inferior comrade. In Auver sur dOise the MKO base in France, the number reaches three. a. Individual exercising is forbidden. b. Thinking is forbidden. Everyone who sits somewhere
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That in my opinion is code for something very like: This administration is not completely mad. We know that an attack on Iran could have catastrophic consequences for the region and the world. Despite the mounting and awesome pressure we are under from Netanyahu and those who peddle his propaganda here in America, we know that the nuclear problem with Iran must be solved by jaw-jaw and not war-war. How catastrophic the consequences of an Israeli attack on Iran could be for the region and the world has been put into words by Philip Giraldi, currently the executive director of the Council for the National Interest and a former CIA counter-terrorism specialist and military intelligence officer. The scenario he presents under the headline What War With Iran Might Look Like takes us all the way to World War III. So I believe NYT reporter Scott Shane was on the right track when he wrote that the statements by U.S. officials appeared to reflect serious concern about the (Israeli/MKO) assassinations of Iranian scientists because they could backfire and make Irans leaders less willing to talk. And, I add, more willing to give in to those forces in Iran, the Revolutionary Guards in particular, who might well be saying that Iran must possess nuclear weapons for deterrence. My guess is that U.S. officials are also concerned by the possibility that more assassinations could provoke an Iranian response which would give Israel the pretext to attack. (Its by no means impossible that the main purpose of the assassinations is to provoke an Iranian response to give Israel the pretext for an attack). That brings me to my own speculation about what is really going on behind closed doors in the Obama administration. At executive level it is, I think, in a state of something close to total panic about what to do to prevent an Israeli attack on Iran if Netanyahu is not bluffing. My reading of Obamas latest turn of the sanctions screw on Iran is that its his way of not only putting more pressure on the ruling mullahs. Its also his way of saying to Netanyahu something like, Give me more time to solve the Iranian nuclear problem by all means other than war. Obama needs more time not only to try to get serious and substantive talks with Iran going but also to establish beyond any doubt whether Israeli threats to attack Irans nuclear facilities are a bluff (to put pressure on the U.S.) or not. In an article for Haaretz under the headline Israel and U.S. at odds over timetables and red lines for Iran, Avi Issacharoff and Amos Harel wrote: Do Barak and Netanyahu really intend to attack on their own, or is Israel only trying to prod the West into more decisive action? That is the million-dollar question. It has been discussed intermittently for the past three years and it seems that Washington does not have a satisfactory answer to it.

In a few days time General Martin Dempsey, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, is scheduled to arrive in Israel for talks with Defense Minister Ehud Barak, Chief of Staff Lt. General Benny Gantz and other senior Israeli defense and intelligence officials. Dempsey knows that when U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta met with Netanyahu and Barak last November, they refused to give him a commitment that Israel would not attack Iran without informing America of its intention to do so. If I am right about the panic in the Obama administration, my guess is that Dempsey will try to obtain the commitment Panetta failed to get. What if Dempsey does not succeed? My guess is that whatever he may say in public after his meetings, Dempsey will tell the Israelis in private that if they go to war with Iran they will be on their own. The U.S., I can almost hear him saying, will not become engaged except to defend its own national interests if and as necessary because the American people, most of them, are tired of war. He could add and we dont have the money to pay for it. An interesting question for the coming days is something like this: What if Dempsey returns to Washington without being able to give behind-closeddoors assurance that Israel (despite what it might continue to say to the contrary in public for propaganda purposes) will not go it alone with an attack Iran? In theory there is a card President Obama could play. He could put Israel on public notice that if it attacked Iran and if as a consequence Americas own bests interests were harmed, the U.S. would have to rethink its relationship with the Jewish state. A statement to that effect would imply that the days of Americas unconditional support for Israel right or wrong could be coming to an end. But thats not a statement Obama could make this side of Novembers presidential election. So if Netanyahu is not bluffing, and if he was determined to bomb Irans nuclear facilities before Novembers election, theres nothing Obama could do to stop him, even knowing that the end game could be, as Giraldi speculated, World War III. My own view has always been that Netanyahu is bluffing to the extent that he even he is not crazy enough to order an Israeli attack on Iran without a green light from the U.S. and American cover and participation, I hope I am right. If I am it could be that General Dempsey will return to Washington with the news Obama wants and needs that without a green light from the U.S, Israel will not bomb Irans nuclear facilities.

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alone for a few moments has to then confess all his thoughts to his superior official. c. Everyone has to supervise his or her comrades d. No family contact is allowed e. Government forces: in former Iraqi regime, security forces used to arrest those members who wanted to escape the camp. After the fall of that regime, such a thing didnt happen anymore. About Auver Sur dOise, the police have the responsibility. 3 - Hostage taking Holding children as hostages: before 1991, organizational marriages took place in the organization. Members had to marry the spouse that was assigned for them by the group leaders. In 1991 when the first gulf war started the children who were the fruit of those marriages, were transferred to Europe. Seven hundred children were sent to European countries under the pretext of dangerous war situation". The kids were moved there under the cover of human rights organization that were actually front organization of the MKO with fake passports, then they would be delivered to European mothers. After the gulf war ended, all spouses were ordered to divorce under the title Ideological Revolution. The organization held their children as hostages in order that members did not dare to escape. 4 - Fear and intimidation a. Every member who attempts to leave or escape the base will be tortured and imposed severe peer pressure. Tens of his comrades will verbally and physically abuse him. b. The members are all the time inculcated that if they escape the camp. They will be arrested and executed by Iranian forces. Here, I would cite a famous quote from Rajavi that is a significant proof of his notorious ideas:we should all the time implement axe, bullet and pistol on the members.

they enjoy little support in their home country, in spite of Mrs. Rajavis claims to lead the main resistance to the Islamic Republic, apparently because their efforts were seen as treacherous by many Iranians. In the 2003 war that unseated Saddam Hussein, U.S.-led coalition forces attacked Mujahedeen military units but subsequently a ceasefire was arranged. Before the conflict, the Rajavis had repaired to their long-time base in the Paris suburb of Auvers-sur-Oise, which French antiterrorism police raided in 2003, seizing millions of euros. Theres no longer any reason to keep these people on the terrorist list, said Gen. Shelton, expressing an opinion that has won widespread bipartisan support in Washington, as my colleague Scott Shane has reported. The P.M.O.I. also known by its Persian title Mujahedeene-Khalq has used a seemingly bottomless budget to push its case in the corridors of the U.S. Congress and to finance international meetings to maintain its profile. Despite that, the State Department has adamantly refused to remove the group from its list of foreign terrorist organizations. A U.S court ruled in 2010 that the government must allow the PMOI a chance to rebut unclassified information the government used to justify its designation, Legal Times reported at the time. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has the matter under consideration. The Mujahedeen fears the administration wants to keep a diplomatic line open to Iran in the escalating nuclear dispute. Did you see those reports of Obama sending a secret letter to Tehran, said a Mujahedeen insider knowingly. Listing the P.M.O.I. as terrorists is the one thing on which Washington and Tehran agree and a delisting would be certain to derail any diplomatic initiative that might be under way. As things stand, U.S. and European policy is to squeeze Iran economically until sanctions force it to yield on the nuclear issue. The next step in that campaign will focus on Brussels, where European foreign ministers are moving toward a phased embargo of Iranian oil.

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http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/23/

Strange Bedfellows in the Conflict with Iran

... Camp Ashraf was a heavily armed encampment under Saddam Hussein from which Mujahedeen fighters attempted to invade Iran at the end of the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war. They were driven off. Today they enjoy little support in their home country, in spite of Mrs. Rajavis claims to lead the main resistance to the Islamic Republic, apparently because their efforts were seen as treacherous by many Iranians...
HARVEY MORRIS, New York Times, January 23, 2012

PARIS As the European Union prepared to consider tough new sanctions against Iran on Monday, a group of eminent Americans was cozying up here to an exiled Iranian opposition group that the United States classifies as terrorists. Even undeclared war makes strange bedfellows, and none more so than the former politicians, generals and spooks on the panel at a conference in Paris on Friday evening and their hosts, the Peoples Mujahedeen of Iran. In its checkered history, the P.M.O.I. has been accused of murdering American servicemen, was involved in not one but two invasions of the U.S. embassy in Tehran during the Iranian revolution, and allied itself with the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein. More recently it claims to have provided information exposing details of Tehrans attempts to produce a nuclear weapon, while vigorously denying widespread speculation that it might have assisted in recent unexplained assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists. Western governments, including that of France where the groups leadership is based, regard the Mujahedeen as more of a cult than a political movement. Presiding over Fridays conference in the old Bourse building in Paris was Mariam Rajavi, the movements leader and wife of its founder, Masoud Rajavi. He has disappeared from public view, perhaps emulating the Hidden Imam of the Shia Muslims whose legend figured in the creation of the Rajavi personality cult. Dressed in a familiar outfit of a modest but brightly colored suit and matching headscarf, she was greeted with chants of Mariam, Mariam, from the almost exclusively Iranian audience. Americans on the international panel included General Hugh

Shelton, former Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff; Rudy Giuliani, the former New York mayor; and Michael Mukasey, former U.S. Attorney General. Other panelists included Philippe DousteBlazy, a former French foreign minister. Gen. Shelton told Rendezvous he believed the U.S. had a sworn obligation to protect Mujahedeen refugees being evicted from Camp Ashraf in Iraq by a hostile government in Baghdad. Camp Ashraf was a heavily armed encampment under Saddam Hussein from which Mujahedeen fighters attempted to invade Iran at the end of the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war. They were driven off. Today
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