Human Gametogensis -Spermatogensis - Through mitotic divisions a primordial germ call becomes a Spermatagonial Stem Cell - This cell

is a preface to the procedure, through more mitotic divisions: - Spermatogonium (2n - 46) - Through chemical stimulation and differentiation, -Primary Spermatocyte (2n-46) - After this step, Meiosis I occurs and through EQUAL cytokenesis - Synapasis alters the genetic makeup of P. Spermocytes, therefore every cell after this is not genetically identical. - Secondary Spermatocyte (n-23) - The 2 S.Spermocytes are haploid with 23 chromosomes. - The 2 cells undergo Meiosis II - Spermatids (n-23) - 4 equal spermatids cells are produced, each one is different - Sperm - Through further Differentiation, a tail, a midpiece of mitochondria and an acrosome is attached

Oogenesis - Oogonium - occurs in the embryo, further mitotic division create -Primary Oocyte (2n-46) - This is present at birth and arrested in Prophase of Meiosis I - At puberty this process continues - Secondary Oocyte (n-23) - Usually once per month, FSH stimulates a small group of follicles to resume growth, the secondary oocyte is produced on the completion of Meiosis I, along with the first polar body. - While going through Meiosis II, the S. Oocyte is arrested at Metaphase - Ootid - Only with the introduction of a sperm penetrating the Oocyte, - an ovum can be produced. - also produced is another Polar Body, thus making a total of 3 polar bodies at the end, with 2 coming from the division of the first polar body. Genetics -Transmissoin (classical) - Mendelivian - Molecular

-Central Dogma, DNA - Population/ Quantitative - genes transmitted in large populations Pre-Mendelevium Genetics - Preformation - each gamete contains a preformed miniature human (homunculus) that developed upon fertilization. Ovist vs SPermist * Only one parent gives the hereditary info - Pangensis - Each organ and tissue sends an information packet to the gonads - Gemmule or Pangen - Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics - Features of a person in life passed on to their offsprings - Blending Inheritance - Half and half * exactly midway between your mother and your father's characteristics were passed on to you. MENDEL - Particulate Inheritance - Experimented with Garden Peas ( Pisum Sativum) -Many offsprings -Reproduces sexually - Easily scoreable traits - Logistically easy to maintin - small -cheap - Short Generation Time - Many reproductive episodes