Enthalpy changes

HESSS LAW & BORNHABER DIAGRAMS

1

The equation shows the combustion of hydrogen:

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) H2O(l)
a

H = 286 kJ mol1

State the meaning of H = 286 kJ mol1.

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.......................................................................................................................................... [3]

Draw an energy level diagram for this reaction.

[4]
2

Use the data given to calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ mol1) when 1.00 mol of each of the
following is burnt. (The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J g1 K1.)
a

Ethene; when 0.21 g of ethene is burnt the temperature of 100.0 g of water is raised
by 19.0 C.

[4]
b

Benzene; when 1.20 g of benzene is burnt the temperature of 1.00 kg of water

increases from 19.1 C to 30.0 C.

[4]

50.0 cm3 of 1.50 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide is mixed with 100.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm3
hydrochloric acid. Both solutions were initially at 19.3 C and when they were mixed the
temperature rose to a maximum of 28.3 C.
a

Write an equation for the reaction that occurs.

.......................................................................................................................................... [1]

Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide and of hydrochloric acid.

[2]
c

Calculate the enthalpy change of neutralisation.

[3]
4

Write equations to represent the enthalpy change of formation of the following:

a

C6H6(l)
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CH3CHO(l)
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Li3N(s)
.......................................................................................................................................... [3]

Use the bond energies given in the table to calculate enthalpy changes for reactions below.

Bond
CC
C=C
CC
NN
N=N
NN
a

Bond enthalpy /
kJ mol1
348
612
837
163
409
944

Bond
CH
NH
OH
OO
O=O
HH

Bond enthalpy /
kJ mol1
412
388
463
146
496
436

Bond
CO
C=O
CO
ClH

Bond enthalpy /
kJ mol1
360
743
1070
431

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

[5]
b

CO(g) + 3H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g)

[5]
c

4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) 2N2(g) + 6H2O(g)

[5]

The specific heat capacities of some metals are shown in the table:

Metal

Specific heat capacity / J g1 K1

aluminium
cobalt
gold
magnesium
titanium

0.900
0.435
0.130
1.03
0.523

100 J of heat energy is supplied to 10.0 g of cobalt. Calculate by how much the
temperature (in C) of the cobalt will rise.

[1]
b

1.00 kJ of heat energy is supplied to 5.00 g of each of the metals in the table.
For which metal will this result in the greatest temperature rise?
......................................................................................................................................... [1]

A piece of titanium of mass 100.0 g and at a temperature of 75.0 C is placed in a beaker

containing 200.0 g of water (specific heat capacity 4.18 J g1 K1) at a temperature of
16.0 C. When the titanium is removed after a short time it has cooled to 51.0 C.
Calculate the temperature of the water in the beaker.

[4]
d

50.0 g of gold at a temperature of 85.0 C is put into a beaker containing 100.0 g of

water (specific heat capacity 4.18 J g1 K1) initially at a temperature of 20.0 C. The two
eventually come to a common temperature; calculate that common temperature.
(Assume no heat loss to the surroundings.)

[4]

Write equations to represent the following processes:

a

the second ionisation energy of magnesium

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the first electron affinity of oxygen

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the lattice enthalpy of magnesium fluoride

.......................................................................................................................................... [3]

Calculate the enthalpy change of formation of each of the following processes, using the data
given in the table
cHo / kJ mol1
C(s)
H2(g)
CH3CH2CH3(g)
CH3OH(l)
HCHO(g)
CH3COOH(l)
a

propane, CH3CH2CH3(g)

methanol, CH3OH(l)

methanal, HCHO(g)

ethanoic acid, CH3COOH(l)

394
286
2220
715
561
876

[12]

Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of each of the following given the data in the
table.
fHo / kJ mol1
CO2(g)
H2O(l)
C6H12(l)

394
286
156

cyclohexane, C6H12(l)

phenol, C6H5OH(s)

buta-1,3-diene, CH2CHCHCH2(g)

methoxymethane, (CH3)2O(g)

fHo / kJ mol1
C6H5OH(s)
CH2CHCHCH2(g)
(CH3)2O(g)

163
112
185

[12]
9

Calculate the enthalpy changes for the following reactions given the data in the table.
fHo / kJ mol1
SO2(g)
PCl5(s)
SOCl2(l)
Cl2O(g)

297
444
246
80
fHo / kJ mol1

POCl3(l)
NH3(g)
NH4Cl(s)
H2O(g)

597
46
314
242

SO2(g) + PCl5(s) SOCl2(l) + POCl3(l)

[2]

3Cl2O(g) + 10NH3(g) 2N2(g) + 6NH4Cl(s) + 3H2O(g)

[2]
7

Construct a BornHaber cycle showing the formation of calcium fluoride and use it and the
data in the table below to predict the lattice enthalpy of calcium fluoride.
atH (Ca(s))

193 kJ mol1

atH (F2(g))

79 kJ mol1

first ionisation energy (Ca)

590 kJ mol1

second ionisation energy (Ca)

1150 kJ mol1

first electron affinity (F)

348 kJ mol1

fH (CaF2(s))

1214 kJ mol1

[6]

Given these enthalpy changes:

CH3CH2CH2OH(l) + 9/2O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Ho = 2010 kJ mol1

CH3CH2CH2OH(g) + 9/2O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Ho = 2055 kJ mol1

calculate the enthalpy change for the following process:

CH3CH2CH2OH(g) CH3CH2CH2OH(l)

[2]
9

Given these enthalpy changes:

Xe(g) + F2(g) XeF2(g)

Ho = 100 kJ mol1

Xe(g) + 2F2(g) XeF4(g)

Ho = 200 kJ mol1

calculate the enthalpy change for the following process:

XeF2(g) + F2(g) XeF4(g)

[2]

10

Given these enthalpy changes:

MgCl2(s) Mg2+(g) + 2Cl(g)

Ho = +2490 kJ mol1

Mg2+(g) Mg2+(aq)

Ho = 1920 kJ mol1

Cl(g) Cl(aq)

Ho = 360 kJ mol1

calculate the enthalpy change for the following process:

MgCl2(s) MgCl2(aq)

[4]

11

State and explain the trends in lattice enthalpy shown in the table below.
Substance
LiF
NaF
KF
MgO
CaO
SrO

Lattice enthalpy / kJ mol1

1022
902
801
3889
3513
3310

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Total = [100]