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Content
Introduction
Historical Roots of RMA Theory RMA Theory Problems with RMA Conclusion
Introduction
Revolution
A fundamental and rapid change in the ways we do, see, organise and understand things Everything that involves military personnel. Mainly preparation, planning, sourcing and the conduct of WAR.
Military Affairs
Introduction
Military Revolution
Coined by Michael
Roberts in 1955
Focus on Imperial and Swedish Armies (1560-1660) Believed that their successes lie in: Organizational changes (more junior officers) Tactical changes (linear tactics, not tercio) Doctrinal changes (superior drill, professionalization = TAXES) Technological advancements (3 lb canon)
These changes had political and administrative consequences, which led to creation of a modern state
Military Revolution
Geoffrey Parker
Agreed with Roberts in principle, but moved technology determined Military Revolution to 1450-1800:
Military Revolution
Trace Italienne
Military RevolutionS
Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution
Clifford Rogers (1993)
1) Infantry Revolution 14th century (weapons and tactics to defeat cavalry) 2) Artillery Revolution 15th cent. (Gun Powder & successful siege warfare)
Military RevolutionS
Infantry Revolution
Defeat of cavalry attacks by: archers, obstacles (holes), pikes, disciplined formations.
Military RevolutionS
Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution 1300-1800
RMA
Revolution In Military Affairs
Andrew W. Marshall, Head of the US Department of Defence Office of Net Assessment and Strategic Planning
Picked up MTR and rebranded as RMA 1990s = the Golden Age of RMA debate
RMA
Key event Gulf War I.
1991
Last war of the Industrial Age OR the first was of Information Age WHY?
stealth precision weapons advanced sensors, C4I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence) real time space systems
RMA
RMA
Original Definition of RMA
the application of new technologies
a significant number of military systems
RMA
RMA
The definition subject to changes as conflicts of the 1990s unfolded New type of conflict where technology supremacy did NOT guarantee victory Now we have 4 main streams of RMA theory: 1. Social Wave 2. Radical Transformation 3. Revolution in Revolution 4. Continuity and Evolution
RMA
Social Wave
Broad social and cultural changes and how they efect the military How people create wealth corresponds to how they fight their wars 3 types of civilization: Agrarian
Indrustial
Information (now) Control of information is both the means and the reason for war.
RMA
Radical Transformation
New technologies determine the way we fight wars
Revolution in Revolution
William Murray
Military Revolutions are made up of smaller RMAs and/or MTRs MR broader social and cultural change, beyond control RMA result of strategists innovation, intentional MTR driven by technological advances
RMA
Continuity and Evolution
Innovation and transformation is continuous process intended to deal with chaotic nature of war
for the better must be proven by victory, but war is too complex
MR/RMA involves radical change in the history of warfare, but lack consensus on how and when these changes take place and what causes them.
Discussion
Why is RMA important?
It helps us understand strategic history Spurs research into innovation Helps us shape future policy and understand how change comes about Helps us understand military affairs in context
Conclusion
1) RMA is relatively new and evolving theory
2) There is no agreement what it is, but we know
Revolution or Evolution?
Thank you
Contact details:
Kristina.soukupova@i3cas.com