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Inthisexample,aparallelchordsteelrooftrussgirderisanalyzedfortypicalroofdeadandliveloads. Thephotobelowshowstwotypesoftrusses:atrussgirder(paintedgray)andbarjoists(paintedwhite). Asseeninthephotoabove,thecorrugatedsteeldeckissupportedbythewhitebarjoists,whichinturn aresupportedbythegraytrussgirder.Thetrussgirderissupportedoncolumns(notshown).

Figure1.Trussgirders(gray),barjoists(white)androofdeck(whiteandcorrugated)foragymnasiumroof TheroofframingforthisexampleproblemisshowninFigure2.Tohelpyouvisualizetheframing,an orthographicexplodedviewofasimilarsteelstructureisshowninFigure3.Thejoistsandgirders havethesamespacingsasinFigure2,butthejoistsinFigure3areZshapedcoldrolledsteelpurlins (ratherthatbarjoists),andthegirdersareIbeams(ratherthantrussgirders).Loadinformationis providedbelow. DeadLoads: LiveLoads: Roofliveloadspecifiedinthebuildingcode(seeIBC Roof&Ceiling*: (InternationalBuildingCode)LiveLoads) 20gametaldeck Waterproofmembranewithgravel 10kairconditioningunit 2thickPerliteinsulatingroofboards Heating&coolingductwork Steelsuspendedceiling LoadCombinations AcousticFiberBoard LC3:1.2D+1.6Lr Weightoftrussgirders=4.05k (seeLoadCombinationspostedonclasswebsite) Weightofbarjoists=9plf *SeeTypicalDeadLoads(postedonthe classwebsite)fortheweightsofbuilding components.

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5@8

BarJoist

PlanView

Endviewof TrussGirder Endviewof BarJoist TrussGirder

5@8

SideElevationView

3@20

3@20

Typeof Member Chords

Shape WT3x8 LL2.5x2.0x2/16

Available Strength, Pn 41.4kC 43.2kT

17

Diagonals
FrontElevationView

Figure2.Structuraldrawingsofsteelframing

Figure3.Explodedviewofsteelframe

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Identifythejoistsandgirders.Thefirsttask(trivialasitsounds,butimportant)istoidentifyontheplan viewwhichlinesrepresentgirdersandwhichlinesrepresentjoists. A 1

5@8ft

Firstofall,theHshapedsymbolsrepresent thecolumns. InthePlanViewatleft,weseethatsomeofthe verticalmembersinthesketchareattached directlytocolumns, butthatsomeoftheverticalmembersare attachedattheirendstootherbeams.

3@20ft
3

Theendsofthehorizontalmembers,onthe otherhand,allattachtocolumns(exceptforthe cantileverends). Therefore,thehorizontalmembersinthesketch aregirders,andtheverticalmembersarejoists. Joistssupportingaroofareoftencalled purlins.

PlanView

ProblemStatement.Checkthestrengthsofthechordsanddiagonalsforatypicaltrussgirderforthe structureshowninFigure2.Theaxialforcesduetofactoreddeadandliveloads(Pu)ineachtypeof memberwillbecomparedtothestrengths(Pn)listedinTable1. SolutionProcedure. 1. Determineifthetrussgirderisstableanddeterminate. 2. Identifythecriticaltrussgirder,andcalculatetheloadsit. 2.1. Calculatetheconcentratedloadsduetodeadloadsattheexteriorandinteriorpanel pointsofthetrussgirder. 2.2. Calculatetheconcentratedloadsduetoroofliveloadsattheexteriorandinteriorpanel pointsofthetrussgirder. 3. Checkthestrengthofthechordsofthetrussgirder. 3.1. Calculatethemagnitudeandlocation(i.e.memberx)ofthemaximumcompressivebar forceduetodeadloadsinthechords.(Assumecompressioncontrols,sincefailureby rupture(intension)occursatasimilarmagnitudeforceascrushingincompression,but compressiveforcescanalsocausebuckling.) 3.1.1.Estimatethelocation(s)(i.e.themembers)withmaximumcompressiveforcedueto DL. 3.1.2.Calculatethebarforcesatlikelylocation(s)(fromStep3.1.1)ofmaximum

PDext PDint PLrext PLrint

PAC

fDx

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compressiveforce.Determinethemaximumchordforceduetodeadload,andthe memberwithmaximumcompressiveforce(memberx). 3.2. Calculatethemaximumcompressivebarforceduetoroofliveloadinthememberwith maximumbarforceduetodeadload(i.e.memberx). 3.2.1.Drawtheshapeoftheinfluencediagramforthememberanddeterminethe loadingtocausemaximumcompressiveforceinmemberx. 3.2.2.Calculatethecompressiveforceinmemberxduetoliveloadsusingstaticswith loadplacementdictatedbytheinfluencediagram 3.3. Calculatetheaxialforceinmemberxduetofactoredloads:Pu=1.2PD+1.6PLrand checkthestrength 4. RepeatStep3forthediagonalsofthetrussgirder.

fLrx Ix Pu