2ND WEEK CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR I.

. Organizational Behavior, defined: It is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness. It is concerned with the study of what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization. And because Organizational Behavior is specifically concerned with employment-related situations, it emphasizes behavior as related to jobs, work, absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, human performance, and management. Contributing Disciplines to the Organizational Behavior (OB) Field: 1. Psychology The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. 2. Sociology The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings. 3. Social Psychology An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. 4. Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. 5. Political Science The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment. 6. Engineering It is the applied science of energy and matter. 7. Management It is originally called Administrative science. It is the study of the design and implementation of various administrative and organizational systems. 8. Medicine It is an applied science of treatment of diseases to enhance an invidividual's health and well-being.

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III. Goals of Organizational Behavior: 1. To explain behavior; 2. To predict behavior; and 3. To control behavior IV. The Elements of OB 1. People - the internal social system of the organization is composed of people consisting of individual persons and groups. 2. Structure defines the formal relationship of people in the organization. It describes how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. 3. Technology refers to the combination of resources, knowledge and techniques with which people work and affect the task that they perform. It consists of buildings, machines, work processes, and assembled resources. 4. Environment it includes suppliers, customers, competitors, government regulatory agencies, public pressure groups, and the like. V. Benefits of Studying Organizational Behavior: 1. Development of people skills. 2. Personal growth 3. Enhancement of organizational and individual effectiveness; and 4. Sharpening and refinement of common sense. VI. Origins of Organizational Behavior (OB) It can be traced to the following: 1. The Human Relations approach a. Scientific Management approach of Frederick W. Taylor Taylor used scientific analysis and experiment to increase worker output. He did it by regarding individuals as equivalents of machine parts and assigned them specific repetitive tasks. b. Human Relations approach by Elton Mayo Mayo and his research team conducted the Hawthorne studies in 1920 to determine what effect hours of work, periods of rests and lighting might have on worker fatigue & productivity. It was discovered that the social environment have an equivalent if not greater effect on productivity than the physical environment. Social interaction is a factor for increased productivity.

2. The Personality Theories a. Sigmund Freud model he brought the idea that people are motivated by far more than conscious logical reasoning. Freud believed that irrational motives make up the hidden subconscious mind, which determines the major part of people's behavior. b. J.B. Watson's Behaviorism approach he formulated the theory of learned behavior which indicates that a person can be trained to behave to the wish of the trainer. c. B.F. Skinner's Behavior Modification theory he concluded that when people receive a positive stimulus like money or praise for what they have done, they will tend to repeat their behavior. When they are ignored and receive no response to the action, they will not be inclined to repeat it. d. The Humanist approach by Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls, and Abraham Maslow Rogers believes that people should acquire their own values and attitudes rather than be committed to a fixed set of prescribed goals. Friz Perls contributed the Gestalt psychology wherein the person is seen as being plagued by numerous split, or conflicting desires and needs, which dissipate energy and interfere with that person's ability to achieve his potential. Maslow forwarded his model which espouses the idea of developing the personality toward the ultimate achievement of human potential. To achieve this objective, the person must work his way up the succeeding steps of a hierarchy of needs.

VII. Review Learning: 1. What are the goals of OB? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________ 2. Briefly explain the elements of OB. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 3. Explain one benefit of studying Organizational Behavior. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________