Mechanical Engineering Department Strength of Materials Lab ME323

Experiment # 1: Torsion Test Student name: Bashar Ezzat Jamil Salah Students Number: 20072025069 Lab date: sun (2-5) Due date: 1/11/2009 Dr. Hazem Alzebdeh Eng.Ameen Malkawi

Introduction:
Our experiment today is about Torsion test. Torsion test is another test which provides us with some important properties of the materials, like ductility, and shear modulus which represents the ability of the material to resist shear.

Objectives:
We want to compare between the effect of torsion test on both ductile and brittle materials such as steel and cast iron respectively. And we will find out from the data the shear modulus of steel specimen. Also we want to see the fracture surfaces for the different materials.

Procedure:
The machine we will use is consisted of two disks, one fixed and the other is moving according to the value of torque, so we take the already known dimensions test specimen and fix it to the centre of the specified place on the machine. We use a device called Troptometer which will measure the values of the angle of twist. Then we apply the torque that we determine using the machine, and this torque will make deflection in rotational direction called the angle of twist. We repeat these steps for the two materials, and we will use the data obtained to draw Torque-Deformation curves.

Data: Part A: ductile material 1)Elastic range:

Torque(Kg.cm) (mm) Torque (N.m) (radian) )10-3 10 0.05 0.981 0.358 30 0.16 2.943 1.147 40 0.24 3.924 1.72 50 0.3 4.905 2.15 60 0.36 5.886 2.58 70 0.48 6.867 3.44 90 0.58 8.829 4.157 100 0.67 9.81 4.8

R** (distance from center of the specimen and Traptometer head)= 139.5 mm = / R** We will draw the relationship between Torque (N.m) and (rad)

We differentiate the Equation of the straight line: y = 1949.x + 0.557 to find the slope The slope is 1949 and equals to GJ/L and we use it to find G as follows L=140mm, D (diameter of the specimen) =14mm, Polar moment of inertia: J = D4 /32 J = (14*10-3)4 /32=3771.5*10-12 m4 Slope 1949= (G*3771.5*10-12) /14*10-3 = 72.347 GPA

2) Plastic range:
We will draw the relationship between Torque (N.m) and (rad10-3)
Torque (N.m) 18.639 53.955 113.796 174.618 195.219 201.105 208.95 221.706 239.364 250.155 264.87 275.661 281.547 285.47 286.452
350

(rad10-3) 17.5 34.9 69.8 107.7 139.6 174.5 261.8 523.6 1047.2 1570.8 3141.6 6283.2 9242.7 12566.4 15533.4

300

250 Torque (N.m)

200 150

100

50

0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 (rad10-3)

Part B: brittle material:

We will draw the relationship between Torque (N.m) and (rad10-3)
Torque(N.m) 12.753 26.49 78.48 120.66 146.17 166.77 194.24 227.6 260 261
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 200 400 600
(rad10-3)

(rad10-3) 17.5 34.9 69.8 107.7 139.6 174.5 261.8 523.6 1047.2 1099.5

Torque(N.m)

800

1000

1200

Discussion:
5

From both curves we notice that the ductile materials deformation represented by the angle of twist is bigger than the brittle material. The ultimate torque the materials can take is 286N.m for ductile, and 261N.m for the brittle. The relationship is linear between the torque and deflection within elastic region for the ductile material.

Comments and Observations:

We observe that when the ductile material (steel) breaks, it makes an angle of 90 degrees, but when the brittle material (cast iron) breaks it makes 45 degrees with the vertical axis to the specimen, this means that steel fails because of shear stress and cast iron breaks because of normal stress. The fracture surfaces shape in torsion test are opposite with the ones of tensile tests. We noted that the ductile material can sustain more torque than the brittle material can take. We noted also that the steadying the specimen has to be accurate in order to take accurate readings.