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Apprenticeships and traineeships: NCVER publications Published research

TD/TNC 98.02 The effectiveness of the traineeship model. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 55 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2212.html The traineeship model is currently targeted at a broader group of people compared with the original target group of young unemployed persons as envisaged by the Kirby Enquiry (the Kirby report, 'Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Labour Market Programs' is indexed at TD/LMR 86.649). The study reported here aims to assess the effectiveness of the model for young people, particularly young early school leavers. The findings suggest that traineeships are an important pathway for female early school leavers. However, traineeships are poorly targeted if the target group is disadvantaged young people. TD/TNC 99.03 How reasons for not completing apprenticeships and traineeships change with duration / Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 24 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2234.html This occasional paper adds to the considerable literature on low completion rates for apprenticeships and traineeships by looking at whether the reasons given for not completing vary by how far the individual is into their contract of training. The analysis makes use of data from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) Apprentice and Trainee Destination Survey, which collected, among other things, data on reasons for not completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. Analysis of the data indicates that only the desire to do something different (such as study at university) or better (such as getting a better paid job) remains constant throughout the duration of the contract. Every other reason for non-completion either increases or decreases with duration. For example, unhappiness with the training or study increases in importance as apprentices and trainees progress through their training contracts. By contrast, poor working conditions or relationships decrease in importance with duration; presumably these have an immediate effect for many. TD/TNC 100.09 Experimental completion and attrition rates for latest commencing apprentices and trainees / NCVER. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 8 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2265.html This publication presents experimental estimates of completion and attrition rates by selected occupations for apprentices and trainees commencing in the December quarters of 2007 to 2009. Such up-to-date estimates are possible by applying a 'life tables' methodology to simple cross tabulations of commencements, completions and cancellations/withdrawals. The resultant cross-sectional estimates reflect what completion and attrition rates would be if the patterns observed in a particular quarter remain unchanged for the life of the commencing cohort in that quarter. TD/TNC 101.01 The impact of wages on the probability of completing an apprenticeship or traineeship NCVER monograph series Adelaide, South Australia: NCVER, 2010 53 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2277.html Making use of the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) 'Apprentice and trainee destination

survey', the primary focus of this research is the impact of wages on the decision not to continue with an apprenticeship or traineeship. The approach taken is to model three wages relevant to apprentices and trainees: the wage during training; the expected wage in alternative employment; and the expected wage on completion. The results of these models are then used as inputs into a model which estimates the impact of wages on the final probability of completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. The models also allow for a direct estimate of the short-term value of completion to be made by looking at the differences between the wages of those who did and those who did not complete. Overall, the conclusion is that wages do have some impact on the decision not to continue with an apprenticeship or traineeship but the effect is not consistent. Specifically, the difference between wages on completion and wages in alternative employment is significant in the trades, and the difference between wages during training and wages in alternative employment is significant for males in non-trade traineeships. For females in traineeships there is no significant relationship between wages and completion rates. In looking at the value of completion, the major point to emerge is that apprenticeships and traineeships are a bit of a mixed bag. For trade apprentices (specifically, electrotechnology and telecommunications, construction, and automotive and engineering) expected wages on completion significantly exceed expected wages in alternative employment. For most other occupations the value of completing the qualification is modest or even negative (notably, sales). This lack of a premium attached to completion suggests that there is a range of traineeships for which there is apparently little skills acquisition during the training job, or if there is the skills are not valued by the labour market over the general work experience obtained during the traineeship. TD/TNC 102.01 Breaking down the barriers: strategies to assist apprentices with a learning disability Adelaide, South Australia: NCVER, 2010 32 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2283.html Apprentices with a learning disability can face significant barriers to completing their training. The study reported on here comprised a survey of apprentices with a learning disability, a focus group made up of lecturers and disability services staff, and interviews with family members, intended to identify the successful strategies used by apprentices, lecturers and support staff. This paper explores what these apprentices, their lecturers and disability support staff see as the most effective strategies for helping them to overcome these difficulties. The study found that, in spite of the barriers, many apprentices with a learning disability have made progress and have shown the capacity to understand concepts and demonstrate their skills in order to achieve competency. This success can be attributed to factors such as a commitment to the job, a sense of personal agency, support from family and friends and an encouraging work and training environment. Another important consideration is the completion of Year 12, previous work experience, or vocational education and training (VET) in Schools. Inclusive styles of delivery and supportive learning environments can also assist in achieving competency. Underpinning these broad factors have been specific strategies that accommodate students with a learning disability: additional time, presentation of information in different formats and the use of technology. These strategies have a basis in sound educational philosophy and may be relevant to apprentices in general. TD/TNC 95.27 The cost of training apprentices / Lisa Nechvoglod, Tom Karmel, John Saunders. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 35 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2129.html This report examines the costs that both employers and apprentices incur for undertaking training in the plumbing and electrical industries. The importance of understanding costs is fundamental. Employers will not take on apprentices if the cost is too high, and prospective apprentices will not undertake an apprenticeship if the future benefits (increased wages) do not outweigh the immediate costs to them. The report is based on data from six case studies of actual electrical and plumbing apprentices. The research found that the apprenticeship model involves a substantial financial commitment from employers, and apprenticeships are more attractive to young people and will remain unattractive to older people, unless the premium paid to qualified tradespeople is substantial. The authors argue that the high cost of apprenticeships will constrain the numbers of employers willing to take on apprentices, especially in a downturn. Therefore, it is worth considering a model which reduces the cost to employers by making more use of institution-based training, so that apprentices require less supervision and are more productive in the

workplace. Such a model may not reduce costs overall but would transfer costs from employers to governments and prospective apprentices. TD/TNC 97.23 High quality traineeships: identifying what works: good practice guide / Erica Smith ... [et al.]. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 6 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2192.html This good practice guide is based on research that set out to identify the features of high-quality traineeships and those factors that either facilitate or inhibit their quality. To assist providers and employers offering traineeships, the guide sets out the features of good traineeships, starting from the recruitment phase through to completion. The research study on which this guide is based, 'High quality traineeships: identifying what works' is indexed at TD/TNC 97.09. TD/TNC 97.09 High quality traineeships: identifying what works / Erica Smith ... [et al.]. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 41 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2191.html This study explores the common features of high-quality traineeships using case studies from the cleaning, child care, construction, retail, finance and insurance, and meat processing areas. Interviews were also carried out with 13 high level stakeholders: senior officials in government, employer and employee peak bodies, and other major players in the traineeship system, such as Group Training Australia. The research identifies a range of policy measures that could improve both the practice and image of traineeships. There was clear agreement among all stakeholders at all levels about what constitutes a high-quality traineeship: it involves good training delivery both on and off the job, a qualification that is respected by industry, high levels of current underpinning knowledge and skills, and pathways into higher-level jobs and qualifications. It provides appropriate support for disadvantaged learners. The benefits of traineeships to industries and enterprises were found to include a larger and more mobile skills pool, improved productivity and quality of output, the assurance of consistent skill levels among workers, compliance with national and international industry standards, and safer working practices, increasing the competitive edge of companies and Australia in the international marketplace. For individuals, traineeships were found to improve the status of occupations by making explicit the knowledge and skills involved, through the award of a qualification. A good practice guide has also been developed to assist in ensuring that all traineeships are of equally high quality. It is indexed at TD/TNC 97.23. TD/TNC 97.31 Interview with Tom Karmel on 'Apprenticeships and traineeships in the downturn' / Tom Karmel, Steve Davis. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 podcast (10 min., 16 sec.) http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2210.html In this interview, Steve Davis talks with Tom Karmel about his paper 'Apprenticeships in the downturn' (indexed at TD/TNC 97.15). Apprenticeships have a very long history in Australia, building on the traditions of the medieval guilds. The essence of the apprenticeship is the contract of training - a legal contract between an individual, an employer and a training provider. The defining characteristic is the combination of employment and training. The purpose of the paper is to describe what we know about apprenticeships and traineeships, with a view to assessing the likely impact of the current economic downturn on them. TD/TNC 97.15 Apprenticeships and traineeships in the downturn / Tom Karmel, Josie Misko. Occasional paper (NCVER) Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 27 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2197.html Apprenticeships have a very long history in Australia, building on the traditions of the medieval guilds. The essence of

the apprenticeship is the contract of training - a legal contract between an individual, an employer and a training provider. The defining characteristic is the combination of employment and training. The purpose of this occasional paper is to describe what we know about apprenticeships and traineeships, with a view to assessing the likely impact of the current economic downturn on them. An interview with Tom Karmel about this report is indexed at TD/TNC 97.31. TD/TNC 92.15 Accelerated apprenticeships: apprentice, employer and teaching staff perceptions / Victor Callan. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 38 p. : http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1991.html The traditional model of apprenticeship is under pressure. For some time there have been high non-completion rates across states, difficulties in attracting new apprentices in areas of major skills shortages and debates about the need for alternative models, including more accelerated forms of apprenticeships for Australian industries. This project focused on recent pilots of accelerated apprenticeships for various trades in the automotive industry in Queensland. This report examines the implications of these accelerated models for the apprentice, employer and training provider. In analysing the strengths and areas for future development of both traditional and more accelerated models, the components of an ideal model are put forward for further debate. A podcast of an interview with Victor Callan about this report is indexed at TD/TNC 94.162. TD/TNC 92.38 Modelling the trades: an empirical analysis of trade apprenticeships in Australia, 1967-2006 / Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 39 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2003.html In this paper, trade apprenticeships in Australia from 1967 to 2006 are modelled. These models are used to understand how apprentice numbers in the trades respond to changes in labour market conditions. The models also allow commentary on the impact of recent government policy initiatives on trade apprentices. The paper finds that some trade apprenticeships are particularly sensitive to labour market conditions, that historical relationships between apprenticeship numbers and the labour market in the majority of occupations have broken down in the last 10 years, and that government initiatives have been unable to counteract completely this trend. TD/TNC 94.162 Interview with Victor Callan about 'Accelerated apprenticeships'. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 podcast (8 min., 57 sec.) http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2073.html This interview was conducted by Steve Davis with Victor Callan, about his report 'Accelerated apprenticeships: apprentice, employer and teaching staff perceptions' (indexed at TD/TNC 92.05), which looked at recent pilots of accelerated apprenticeships in the automotive industry in Queensland. Keywords: Audiovisual, Interview, Model, Employer, Training provider, Apprentice, Apprenticeship, Industry Australia TD/TNC 94.03 School-based apprenticeships and traineeships / Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski. Occasional paper (NCVER) Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2068.html Vocational education and training (VET) has been seen to be an important element of school education for some time now. More recently, school-based apprentices and trainees have been given more prominence as an element of VET in Schools, partly as a response to skill shortages in a wide range of areas. The purpose of this short paper is to provide data on school-based apprentices and trainees to enable a judgement to be made about how this policy push is unfolding. After providing some context on the policy environment relevant to school-based apprenticeships and

traineeships, this paper provides data on how many and what areas are covered, and goes on to look at attrition and completion rates. To provide a comparison group, data on apprenticeships and traineeships among young people are also given, noting that they form a very important entry point into the labour market for a large proportion of young people. The study found that despite a concerted policy push, the number of school-based apprentices and trainees is small and highly concentrated in Queensland and Victoria, among retail and hospitality training packages, and at the certificates I and II level. Attrition is lower among school-based than all young apprentices and trainees, both within the first six months and year, and at both certificate I and II and certificate III and above levels. With regard to the proportion completing their training, completion rates for certificates I and II are higher for school-based contracts than for all young apprentices and trainees, but substantially lower for certificates III and above. Completion rates in hairdressing, metal and engineering, and automotive certificates III and above are particularly low among school-based apprentices and trainees. TD/TNC 90.27 Doing an apprenticeship: what young people think / Josie Misko, Nhi Nguyen and John Saunders Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 60 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1797.html The study looks at what factors encourage young people to pursue an apprenticeship. Information from students and courses indicates that the key drivers of apprenticeship uptake are intrinsic interest and academic ability. School students with higher academic ability or who have parents with university degrees are less interested in apprenticeships. Apprenticeships are not widely promoted at school and specific information is not always easy to obtain, therefore a potential barrier exists to greater interest in apprenticeships among young people. The low level of training wages appears to be a contributing factor to the uptake and perhaps non-completion of apprenticeships. In contrast, those who are part way through their apprenticeship are very positive about the experience, especially the enjoyment associated with learning new skills and future prospects for career progression and pay. TD/TNC 90.24 Pre-apprenticeships in three key trades / Tom Dumbrell and Erica Smith. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 38 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1781.html This report examines the characteristics of pre-apprenticeships in Australia and whether pre-apprenticeships increase the potential supply of tradespeople, with a special focus on electrotechnology, automotive and engineering students. It found that pre-apprenticeships have been used in Australia for many years and are widely regarded as a valuable strategy for increasing the supply and quality of potential apprentices. Pre-apprenticeships are favoured by employers because they weed out unsuitable candidates and improve retention, while prospective apprentices see them as a useful way of gaining experience in the trade. Those who undertake pre-apprenticeships become more engaged with the occupation and are more likely to consider higher-level training upon completion. TD/TNC 85.04 Mix or match?: New Apprentices' learning styles and trainers' preferences for training in workplaces / Roger Harris, Michele Simons, John Bone. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 47 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1664.html This study aimed to examine the learning preferences of a group of New Apprentices (both apprentices and trainees) and the training preferences of their workplace trainers, and to explore the ways in which trainers take all these preferences into account when supporting learning in the workplace. Data on personality type and preferred and perceived learning/training environments were gathered from New Apprentices and trainers. Interviews were held with 36 New Apprentices and 30 trainers drawn from three industry areas (community services, manufacturing and retail) in South Australia, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. This study is intended to be exploratory in nature. It takes as its starting point the assumption that, just as particular instructional preferences can be identified for more formalised learning environments (for example, classrooms), so might training preferences (that is, the way workplace trainers actually train) also be identified. The study found that research into learning

styles, preferences and differences in Australian vocational education and training (VET) is still in its infancy. Emerging from this study are questions about the respective influences of personality types, of gender and of the nature of work on learning and training preferences. There are questions about the extent to which participants consider they have to bend natural inclinations to fit workplace realities, and about matching and/or mismatching trainer and New Apprentice learner styles, and the influence of these styles on workplace learning outcomes. TD/TNC 87.04 Older workers in apprenticeships and traineeships / Tom Karmel. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 53 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1707.html This report examines the growth in apprenticeships and traineeships between 1997 and 2003, with a particular focus on older workers. The research looks at what a typical apprentice or trainee is (in occupational terms) and the apprenticeships or traineeships in which older people play an important part. It also looks at whether the rapid growth in older apprentices and trainees can be explained by the growth in occupations in which apprenticeships and traineeships are offered or whether the growth is more due to older people increasing their share within particular apprenticeships or traineeships. The research found apprenticeships and traineeships changed dramatically during this period, with the range of occupations widening, part-time apprenticeships and traineeships now common, and apprenticeships and traineeships no longer the preserve of the young male, being now available to persons of all ages and to existing workers as well as new entrants to an industry. While the numbers have grown for all age and sex groups, the largest percentage increase was for males over the age of 45 years, followed by women aged 45 years and over. The group with the slowest growth is young males, but even here the growth was over 50%. The range of occupations in which apprenticeships or traineeships are available has also increased. The study concludes that the main picture to emerge is one of change. TD/TNC 88.03 What is happening to traditional apprentice completions? / Tom Karmel, Gurjinder Virk. Occasional paper (NCVER) Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 33 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1724.html This occasional paper models completions for traditional apprenticeships on the basis of commencements in earlier quarters. These models are used to understand the dynamics of the relationship between the two variables in order to predict future completions. On the basis of the models it is expected that completions will increase over coming quarters. The models encourage comment on the variation in completion rates across states/territories and changes in them over time. TD/TNC 81.15 Factors pertaining to quality outcomes of shorter duration apprenticeships and traineeships / Kaye Bowman, John Stanwick, Ann Blythe. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 31 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1571.html This report is the main outcome of the first phase of a national project funded by the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) to explore what the key factors are in achieving quality outcomes for people in shorter duration apprenticeships and traineeships. The project examined existing literature and national data to identify these key factors. It was found that apprentices and trainees undertaking programs of two years or less have a higher rate of non-completion than those doing longer training and this non-completion is the key issue related to the quality of outcomes. The study identifies four key factors affecting completion rates: characteristics of apprentices and trainees, actions of stakeholders, training issues and contextual factors. Of these factors, the actions of stakeholders have greatest impact. The various stakeholders in the apprenticeship/traineeship system are the apprentices/trainees, employers, registered training organisations, and New Apprenticeships Centres. Major factors relating to stakeholder actions and affecting the quality of outcomes from shorter duration contracts are: (1) lack of awareness of roles and responsibilities between the various stakeholders; (2) level of employer support and commitment to the

apprenticeship/traineeship; (3) training issues; and (4) level of skills of teachers and workplace trainers. The findings suggest the need for more effort towards improving training completion rates of apprenticeships and traineeships of shorter duration, and particularly those at Australian Qualification Framework (AQF) levels I and II, in order to improve the overall quality of outcomes from these programs. Recommended actions are: a proper and thorough induction process to ensure that all roles and responsibilities are understood by all players; developing a learning culture in enterprises and industries; and increased use of group training organisations so that apprentices/trainees acquire a greater breadth of skills and the administrative burdens placed on employers are lessened. TD/TNC 82.03 Apprentice and trainee completion rates / Katrina Ball, David John. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 30 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_82_03.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_82_03.zip This publication reports completion rates for apprentices and trainees who commenced their apprenticeship or traineeship between 1995 and 1999, and attrition rates for more recent commencements. Training contracts vary in length and can be done on a full-time or part-time basis. In order to take account of how long it takes for an apprenticeship or traineeship to be completed, the latest information available on outcomes of longer duration contracts is for contracts commencing in 1999. While the majority of apprentices and trainees undertake a single contract of training with a single employer, some will change employer before their training is completed and therefore, may enter into more than one training contract. Also, while some may continue as an apprentice or trainee in the same vocation, others may change their vocation as well as their employer before completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. This report examines completion rates for a single contract of training, a vocation and individual apprentices and trainees. The study findings include: the aggregate completion rate (for those completing a single contract) declined from 55% for those apprentices and trainees who commenced their training in 1995, to 52% for those who commenced in 1999; completion rates have declined for traditional apprentices from 71% for the cohort of 1995 to 60% for the cohort of 1999 (same trade but different employer to that of their original contract); completion rates have increased for those who were not traditional apprentices from 47% for the cohort of 1995 to 52% for the cohort of 1999 (same trade but different employer to that of their original contract); completion rates reflect the economy-wide pattern of labour market mobility; the age group with the lowest completion rates is the 20- to 24-year age group, which is also the most job-mobile age group; occupations such as sales and service workers, which exhibit high rates of labour mobility, also tend to have low completion rates; and in more recent years, attrition rates in the first year of an apprenticeship or traineeship have fallen, suggesting that completion rates may be on the increase. TD/TNC 84.01 From school to work: the role of traineeships / A. Michael Dockery, Paul Koshy, Thorsten Stromback. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 29 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1631.html The Australian Traineeship System was introduced in 1985 to add flexibility to the vocational education and training (VET) system. Traineeships followed the apprenticeship principle of combining formal training with on-the-job work experience, but with a shorter training period. This allowed the apprenticeship model to be extended into occupations requiring basic skills, where four-year apprenticeships were not available and/or not suitable. The number of people participating in traineeships initially remained low but began to accelerate from around 1995. In 1998 the formal distinction between traineeships and apprenticeships was removed with the introduction of the more flexible New Apprenticeships System. Thus traineeships have become an important avenue for formal entry-level training in Australia. This study analyses the role of traineeships in the transition from school to work using data from a sample of the cohort of young Australians who were in Year 9 in 1995. First, the characteristics associated with participation in a traineeship are examined. Then, the impact of entering a traineeship upon a range of measures of labour market outcomes is estimated. The analysis has concentrated upon the impact of entering a traineeship, rather than completing a traineeship. Thus the estimate of the effects of a traineeship incorporates the outcomes of the considerable proportion (in the vicinity of 50%) of trainees who do not complete their formal traineeship. This is believed to be the effect of most relevance to policy-makers and to young people assessing their career options. Additional estimations show that concentrating on the effect of 'completing' rather than 'entering' a traineeship

would not have changed the conclusions to any substantive extent. On the balance of the evidence from this sample, traineeships can be seen to offer an effective pathway from school to work for young people who are unlikely to go on to higher VET courses, apprenticeships or university. Those who enter traineeships progress relatively quickly into what they perceive as a 'career' job. In relation to the labour market outcome measures investigated in this study, among this group, entering a traineeship appears to be at least as valuable as completing high school. TD/TNC 78.12 New apprenticeship pathways: an option for associate professionals? / John Stanwick, John Saunders. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 35 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1496.html New Apprenticeships is a training option already available to associate professionals, typically those performing complex technical and administrative functions and qualified at diploma or advanced diploma levels. This study suggests that this apprenticeship-type training has real merit as a means of training associate professionals because it offers formal training agreements and incorporates structured training and work experience within contracts. Despite this, relatively few people undertake training as an associate professional through a New Apprenticeship. The aim of this research was to explore the issues affecting the New Apprenticeship system as a training pathway for this segment of the labour market. Interviews were conducted with representatives from a variety of organisations across six industries: building and construction, finance, community services, tourism and hospitality, information technology and real estate. Interview respondents generally predicted growth and a healthy long-term future for the six industries chosen as the focus of the research. However, they highlighted significant changes impacting on the work roles of people at higher Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) levels in all six industries. The report offers models for training of apprentices at associate professional level and three distinct training formats were identified: (1) the traditional single-stage format; (2) a two-stage format; and (3) fully work-based training. Case study interviewees were also asked to identify issues which might arise from provision of apprenticeships for associate professionals. Their responses covered a variety of areas, including terminology, licensing and industry awards, structure and delivery of training, age, training incentives, and concept promotion. TD/TNC 79.28 Apprentices and trainees from non-English speaking backgrounds: participation and outcomes / Cheng Lian Sim and Loukia Zinopoulos. Equity in vocational education and training: research readings / edited by Kaye Bowman. Bowman, Kaye pp.141-157 Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1389.html This book of readings was developed as a contribution to the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) document 'Shaping our future: Australia's national strategy for vocational education and training 2004-2010' (indexed at TD/LMR 85.685). It reviews the achievements realised for the equity groups identified in 'Bridge to the future: Australia's national strategy for vocational education and training 1998 - 2003' (indexed at TD/LMR 85.683), and reveals the issues these groups are currently facing and how they might be addressed. It also considers whether there are other groups who experience disadvantage and the role that vocational education and training (VET) could play to improve their opportunities. Finally, it discusses approaches and frameworks which need to be developed to bring about further improvements in equity in VET. This chapter discusses employment-based training opportunities for people from non-English speaking backgrounds with a focus on participation and outcomes for people from non-English speaking backgrounds in the New Apprenticeship system between 1997 and 2001. It seeks to identify non-English speaking background groups who may be especially disadvantaged in accessing New Apprenticeships and achieving equitable outcomes. From the analysis undertaken it becomes apparent that some groups are faring less well than others. Overall, it would appear that equity in New Apprenticeships is far from being achieved for specific non-English speaking background groups, especially young people, the mature-aged, those from more recently arrived small and emerging communities, groups with relatively high numbers of refugees and those with tertiary academic qualifications. The complete volume is indexed at TD/TNC 78.04; individual chapters are indexed from TD/TNC 79.21 to TD/TNC 79.37. TD/TNC 78.16

Fully on-the-job training: experiences and steps ahead / Susanne Wood. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 24 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1492.html This report explores the concept of fully on-the-job training through the eyes of registered training organisations and trainees involved with this type of training. The Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) defines fully on-the-job training as 'training undertaken in the workplace as part of the productive work of the learner'. Up to 100% of this training may be delivered as part of the everyday working experience of trainees, although in reality this is rarely the case. For the purpose of this study 'fully on-the-job' merely refers to training, the majority of which is based in the workplace. Where reference is made to 'trainees', this may refer to a person undertaking either a traineeship or an apprenticeship. Findings are presented from a research study examining factors of the training that may contribute to its effectiveness as well as ways in which fully on-the-job training may be improved. For this purpose a questionnaire survey was conducted that identified registered training organisations' roles and responsibilities, the strengths and weaknesses of fully on-the-job training, mechanisms for quality assurance and student satisfaction. Findings from stakeholders, together with some secondary research of literature, have contributed to the following list of areas for improvement and possible solutions. Is it suggested that it is necessary: to facilitate networking among trainees; to facilitate time management; to strengthen theory training; to turn employers into trainers; and to value 'traineehood' in work culture. TD/TNC 75.01 Pathways to apprenticeships / Tom Dumbrell. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 55 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1340.html The initial purpose of this report was to map, at least in part, the establishment and development of pre-apprenticeships in Australia. Because of the lack of existing literature on this topic, this aim was unable to be completely met. However, the report does provide a descriptive analysis of recent pre-apprenticeship provision across Australia, together with the findings from interviews with participants in, and providers of, pre-apprenticeship programs and the identification of the role that pre-apprenticeship programs might have in overall Australian VET provision. The report findings are based on an analysis of National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) vocational education and training (VET) statistical data supplemented by information obtained through focus groups with students and interviews with trainers and training experts and representatives from industry. Findings include: that there is no fail-safe method for accurate determination of the total number of enrolments in pre-apprenticeship courses; that there is a wide variation in pre-apprenticeship courses across Australia; that pre-apprenticeship courses do not seem to be widely known in the community or among school career advisers; that students had concerns about lack of financial support; and that many industry and training contacts held the view that changing lifestyles were having a negative impact on the capacity of young people to enter apprenticeships and that involvement in pre-apprenticeships could remedy this deficit. The researchers concluded that pre-apprenticeships can be an important component in a range of policies designed to encourage greater participation in traditional trade training. TD/TNC 70.10 Outcomes and completions of New Apprenticeships: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 12 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/829.html Apprenticeships and traineeships have long been a major source of skilled labour for Australian business, particularly in the trades area. Against a background of rapid change and growth, concern has been raised about apparent levels of non-completion of apprenticeships and traineeships. This publication provides a synopsis of the issues, as identified in recent research reports, relating to non-completion of apprenticeships and traineeships. An analysis of recent National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) data has also been incorporated.

TD/TNC 71.05

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Learning and training in school-based new apprenticeships / Erica Smith, Lou Wilson. Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 58 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/908.html This publication reports on a project that set out to examine learning and training in school-based apprenticeships and traineeships, in particular school-based New Apprenticeships, where young people are employed and engaged in a contract of training while still involved in full time or part time school studies. Surveys were sent to a sample of these students in the three states with the highest numbers in such arrangements: Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. The research methodology is described and a profile of the respondents detailing their reasons for undertaking school-based New Apprenticeships is given. The working environment and the nature of school-based New Apprenticeships are discussed. The authors look at links with schools and how the respondents combined their school-based apprenticeships with their school work. The comments of the respondents relating to work based learning and on the job training are analysed and the conclusion of the publication draws together the research findings and, while concluding that the overall findings are very positive, identifies some problem areas for future action. TD/TNC 65.01 Apprenticeship in Australia: an historical snapshot / John Ray. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 iii, 40 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/548.html This short publication outlines the origins and the main factors that have influenced the history and the development of apprenticeship in Australia. The paper has a policy focus and attempts to identify the key issues that have been important or could still be important in apprenticeship in Australia. It gives a chronological overview of the origins and establishment of apprenticeships in Australia, looks at the period of training reform (1990-98), and offers recommendations for the future. TD/TNC 65.04 Australian apprenticeships: research readings / edited by Nigel Smart. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 ix, 260 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/545.html Over the last five years in Australia apprenticeships have been confirmed as a key element of governments' training policies and overall numbers have grown quickly, with numbers in some industries reaching historically high levels. The philosophy behind vocational education and training (VET) has changed radically with the development of the training market and user choice, and the policy of partnerships involving workplaces and industry in VET has been strongly pursued. However, concerns remain about the development of apprenticeships and whether quality training was being delivered. This book of research readings arises out of research, funded by the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) through the National Research and Evaluation Committee (NREC), complemented by a number of research projects contracted by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). This research was intended to address the following key questions: (i) what is actually happening in apprenticeships and traineeships? (ii) are traineeships actually delivering training or are they a form of subsidised employment? (iii) is the quality of training being improved? (iv) what is happening to completion? is it important? (v) do all the parties understand the direction in which apprenticeships and traineeships are developing? In all, eleven research studies are summarised in this volume, grouped under the following headings: setting the scene; factors influencing apprenticeship and traineeship take-up and success; evaluation of the training received by apprentices and trainees; and quality in apprenticeship and traineeship training. The research studies summarised are: Apprenticeship in Australia: a concise history / John Ray; Issues and directions from the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship literature / Stephen Saunders; Determinants of apprentice training by small and medium-sized enterprises / Katrina Ball and Brett Freeland; Locational issues in New Apprenticeships / Tom Dumbrell, Wendy Finnegan and Rowena de Montfort; Unlocking the barriers: a regional perspective of apprenticeships and traineeships / John Martino and Sue Holden; Apprentices' and trainees' English language and literacy skills in workplace learning and performance: employer and employee opinion / Shirley O'Neill and Annabelle Gish; The value of on-the-job traineeships / Josie Misko, Jan Patterson and Rosemary Markotic; Training for skilled trades in Australia, 1980-2000: training reforms / Elizabeth Webster, Michael Dockery, Thea Bainger and Ross Kelly; On- and off-the-job approaches

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to learning and assessment in apprenticeships and traineeships / Andrew Strickland, Michele Simons, Roger Harris, Ian Robertson and Maddy Harford; Factors that contribute to retention and completion in apprenticeships and traineeships / Roger Harris, Michele Simons, Heather Symons and Berwyn Clayton; Quality in context: reflections on factors impacting on the quality of apprenticeship and traineeship training / Kaye Schofield. This book is part of a series of publications on apprenticeships, now available in print and on the Internet. Australian apprenticeships: at a glance (TD/TNC 65.05) and 'Australian apprenticeships: facts, fiction and the future' (TD/TNC 65.06) are complementary volumes. TD/TNC 65.05 Australian apprenticeships: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 20 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/543.html This publication is intended to disseminate, in a easily accessible format, the findings and outcomes of the most comprehensive research ever undertaken into Australia's apprenticeship system. The development of the apprenticeship system in Australia is briefly reviewed (including the introduction of traineeships and New Apprenticeships), completions and attrition discussed, and outcomes in terms of employment and career prospects are looked at. Policy implications of the research are identified, future directions suggested, and the publication finishes by giving an overview of eleven research studies, nine funded by the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) through the National Research and Evaluation Committee (NREC), and two carried out by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). This booklet is part of a series of publications on apprenticeships, now available in print and on the Internet. 'Australian apprenticeships: research readings' (TD/TNC 65.04) and 'Australian apprenticeships: facts, fiction and the future' (TD/TNC 65.06) are complementary volumes which are briefly summarised here. TD/TNC 65.06 Australian apprenticeships: facts, fiction and future. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 xxv, 200 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/544.html Apprenticeships are the oldest and most resilient form of post-school education and training, accounting for around 15 per cent of all vocational education and training (VET) students. The apprenticeship system in Australia has undergone reform and change in the last decade, but despite the current popularity of apprenticeships very little comprehensive analysis of the system has ever been undertaken. This report is essentially an analysis of developments and quantitative trends in the apprenticeship system, beginning with an overview of the early years of apprenticeship in Australia. The report then sets apprenticeship in the context of the modern era, and looks at the Australian system in an international context. Recent changes in the structure of the apprenticeship system in Australia are discussed, as well as the changing characteristics of apprentices and trainees. Outcomes are looked at from the perspectives of completions and attrition and employment and career prospects from the apprenticeship system. Future directions for new apprenticeships are offered as well as suggestions for rethinking the concept of apprenticeships for the new century. This is the first of a series of publications on apprenticeships, now available in print and on the Internet. 'Australian apprenticeships: research readings' (TD/TNC 65.04) is a complementary volume to this book, and 'Australian apprenticeships: research at a glance' (TD/TNC 65.05) provides an overview in a brief easy-to-read booklet. TD/TNC 65.08 Review of the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship literature: references and their key issues / S. Saunders. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 iii, 44 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/research/proj/nr9012r.pdf This publication contains an annotated bibliography of more than 125 Australian apprenticeship and traineeship references from 1985 to 1999 drawn from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) holdings and from the Dept of Education, Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA) and State government sources. Each reference is summarised for its origin, key topics and key issues in the contemporary setting.

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This publication is a background to the report 'Issues and directions from a review of the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship literature' by the same author (TD/TNC 65.09) and the majority of the references cited in that report are discussed here. TD/TNC 65.09 Issues and directions from a review of the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship literature / S. Saunders. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 viii, 45 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/546.html This paper considers issues and directions arising from a review of recent literature in the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship system. Over 125 post-traineeship references have been scanned for their key topics and issues. Broadly speaking, the paper falls into two parts. The first section looks at issues such as: supply and demand; training policy and system; the public training market; private training investment; measuring training market outputs; training intermediaries, pathways and innovations; and training quality and performance. The second section offers ideas and directions for the future of the entry level training (ELT) system in the broader vocational education and training (VET) system). The ideas and directions are: sharpening training investigation and diagnosis; repositioning the trades in the training marketplace; reviewing the traineeship consensus; broadening the education and training horizons for new pathways to vocational skills; testing new approaches to training markets; widening the avenues for structured training in enterprises; adding pathways and learning models to the work of training intermediaries; and reviewing and reinforcing priorities for training measurement and quality. Accompanying this publication is 'Review of the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship literature: references and their key issues' (TD/TNC 65.08) which is by the same author and is an annotated bibliography of the majority of the references in this publication. TD/TNC 65.12 Locational issues in new apprenticeships / T. Dumbrell, W. Finnegan and R. de Montfort. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 69 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/558.html The key questions addressed in this research study are: (1) do geographical mismatches in the supply of potential apprentices and the demand for them partly explain the co-existence of continuing high levels of youth unemployment and unfilled vacancies for apprentices? (2) do factors other than the labour market explain some of the differences between the States and Territories in the growth rates of New Apprenticeship commencements? and (3) what policy options exist to overcome any such regional mismatches? The study examined the geographical distribution of apprenticeship commencements in the context of various labour force and population statistics by industry, location of jobs by industry and youth population. Apprenticeship and traineeship statistics between 1995 and 1998 were examined to demonstrate differences in the development of the system between the States and Territories over recent years. Characteristics of apprenticeships were examined, including occupational groupings, apprenticeship duration, full-time/part-time basis, and Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) qualifications. Interviews were also conducted with officers of State training agencies, group training companies, industry training advisory bodies (ITABs), area consultative committees, industry bodies and some key employers. The study looks at apprenticeships from the perspectives of regional differences, policy differences, differences between States and Territories, between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and differences within metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Trends in apprenticeships are identified, and the effect of the labour market is examined. Finally, some key policy options are offered. TD/TNC 65.14 Apprentices' and trainees' English language and literacy skills in workplace learning and performance / S. O'Neill and A. Gish. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 http://www.ncver.edu.au/research/proj/nr9017.pdf The authors suggest that because of changes in the workplace in terms of use of computers, technology and media, along with changes in the nature of work, today's apprentices and trainees may be facing new challenges in terms of

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English language and literacy (ELL) skills in the workplace. This research project set out to investigate the way employers and their apprentices and trainees perceive the way these employees' ELL skills impact on their learning and performance in the workplace in the current context of New Apprenticeships. The research was conducted in three main stages: literature review; consultation and survey development; and survey administration and site visits. The data is presented and analysed and findings and recommendations are given. Areas for improvement and further research are identified. TD/TNC 66.09 Evaluating on- and off-the-job approaches to learning and assessment in apprenticeships and traineeships / A. Strickland, M. Simons, R. Harris, I. Robertson, M. Harford and A. Edwards. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 107 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/606.html This study sought to elucidate the learning and assessment experiences of apprentices and trainees in Australia. The objectives of the study were to: identify what different stakeholders in apprenticeships and traineeships expect apprentices and trainees to learn as part of their contracts of training; identify and analyse the different approaches to learning and assessment that can be undertaken by apprentices and trainees as part of their contracts of training; evaluate the extent to which these different approaches to learning and assessment contribute to the learning goals and needs of apprentices and trainees; evaluate areas where improvements might be made to learning and assessment practices and the strategies and interventions that are required to bring about change. TD/TNC 66.71 Increasing opportunities for apprenticeships and traineeships in Melbourne's western region / T. Demediuk, S. Holden and J. Martino. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 89 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/622.html The purpose of this study was to identify barriers inhibiting the growth of apprenticeships and traineeships in Melbourne's western region and to identify strategies to removing these barriers. The first chapter presents the findings and documents the prevailing themes identified through the existing literature, integrating the results of focus groups, interviews and surveys into a comprehensive summary of factors that inhibit the success of apprenticeships and traineeships in this region. The second chapter reveals young people's understanding of apprenticeships and traineeships and identifies their perceptions and criticisms. The third chapter presents a view of responses to an employer questionnaire, identifying parallels between the size of an industry and the level of employment of apprentices and trainees and some concerns that the anticipated growth in 'new' industries is not evident. Chapter four reports on the opinions of employers and industry training boards (ITBs) about apprentices and trainees revealing a litany of problems with the system. Ways to increase the opportunities to access structured training and employment through apprenticeships and traineeships in Melbourne's western region are proposed. Finally the appendices provide a comprehensive literature review and an overview of the methodology employed. TD/TNC 66.72 Factors that contribute to retention and completion for apprenticeships and traineeships / R. Harris ... [et al.]. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 61 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/609.html This study explored retention in apprenticeships and traineeships and the factors that influence this process. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe factors that underlie the process of retention, analyse those most amenable to change and examine a number of interventions that could be used to enhance retention and contribute to increased completion of apprenticeships and traineeships. A qualitative research approach was taken in the study. Interviews enabled a close exploration of the factors that contribute to retention and completion within various occupational groups. The report offers a review of the literature, a description of the methodology and an analysis of the findings and conclusions. TD/TNC 67.17

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Group training apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia: research at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 12 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/700.html Group training has been a key feature of the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship system for more than two decades. This publication looks at the development of group training, examines briefly recent growth in group training, employer size, the occupational base, the structure of group training, characteristics of group training apprentices and trainees, the location of group training apprentices and trainees, off-the-job training undertaken, completion and attrition and outcomes from group training of apprentices and trainees. This report is a shortened version of 'Group training apprenticeship and traineeships' (TD/TNC 67.52). TD/TNC 67.52 Group training apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 98 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/699.html This report looks at the development of group training from its beginnings among industry associations, examining patterns of growth in group training in terms of its occupational mix, the structure and type of training, who participates, what they do and what they gain from it. Group training is shown to be a strong and enduring contributor to Australia's apprenticeship and traineeship system. The characteristics of group training apprentices and trainees are looked at, followed by completions and outcomes from group training for apprentices and trainees. The report analyses participation and outcomes from off-the-job training for group training apprentices and trainees. A shortened version of this report, 'Group training apprenticeships and traineeships: research at a glance' may be found at TD/TNC 67.17. TD/TNC 67.59 Reasons for new apprentices' non-completions / Mark Cully, Richard Curtain. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 x, 44 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/685.html The purpose of this study was to explore the behavioural factors which might explain why non-completions might be higher among trainees than among apprentices and what causes a non-completion. The focus was on both elements of the new apprenticeship, the contract of employment as well as the contract of training. The study included a survey of 797 apprentices and trainees who did not complete their training, and 462 of their employers, followed by focus groups with new apprentices, employers and their training providers in which the survey findings and possible remedies to lower attrition rates were discussed. TD/TNC 63.10 Occupational trends and new apprentice training / Brett Freeland. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 viii, 59 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/514.html The purpose of this report is to identify and provide a comprehensive account of the trends and developments in Australian society, economy and policy which will shape Australia's apprenticeship and traineeship system over the coming years. It covers a wide range of labour market and education and training issues and will be of interest to many readers including business, students, community groups, education and training providers and government. The results presented provide a useful guide as to future scenarios, especially regarding the distribution of apprentice and trainee employment opportunities in the Australian labour market. TD/TNC 55.106 Entry level training and New Apprenticeships: delivery and funding options / Jeff Malley. Different drums, one beat?: economic and social goals in education and training / edited by Fran Ferrier and Damon Anderson. p 227-239

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Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 In the current climate of change towards more market-sensitive training systems there are a number of emerging program delivery options for vocational education and training (VET) courses and packages. This paper has proposed a framework for linking apprenticeships and traineeships that recognises emerging practice and structures and which might be acceptable to industry, students and parents. The complete volume is indexed at TD/TNC 55.85; individual papers are indexed from TD/TNC 55.86 to TD/TNC 55.108. TD/TNC 50.01 Getting qualified: dealing with lack of access to workplace training for apprentices and trainees. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 xx, 164 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/96.html This study examined the processes used by TAFE institutions, state training authorities, group training companies, and employers to ensure that apprentices and trainees who had been suspended or cancelled due to lack of work have access to on-the-job training. It also investigated the provision of this training for other students who require work experience to complete a qualification. Data was collected via the training statistics collection held at the National Centre for Vocational Education Research and via personal and telephone interviews with participants from Victoria, South Australia, and Queensland. The study found that lack of access to on-the-job training for these apprentices, trainees, and students increased when the industries in which they were employed or which they wanted to join were experiencing a downturn. In that case, training providers and industry bodies did make an effort to secure new positions for displaced workers. The major problem, however, was that employers were not prepared to put on apprentices or trainees - whether or not industries were experiencing work shortages. The employment of apprentices and trainees from disadvantaged groups (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background, females, people with disabilities) continues to be low, despite the considerable funding allocated to improve their participation. The new apprenticeships arrangements need to be evaluated to determine the extent to which they both enhance linkages between training providers and industry and provide students with real work opportunities. Five major strategies to expand the numbers and to improve the training of skilled workers were proposed by this study. They were: (1) encourage business and industry to increase their uptake of apprentices and trainees; (2) improve the quality of work experience and vocational placement programs; (3) improve funding arrangements; (4) improve and increase the information available to employers, apprentices, and trainees; and (5) promote more research into vocational choices. Recommendations to implement those strategies are included. TD/TNC 36.53 Learning in apprenticeship courses. Cognition at work: the development of vocational expertise. Stevenson, John (ed.) pp.76-102 Adelaide: NCVER, 1994 The adoption of competency based approaches to apprenticeship and other training programs in industry and TAFE in Australia raises some important issues. These include the nature of competency, the curriculum as a progression of knowledge and skill, amd ways of encouraging learning. This paper explores these issues with relation to learning in welding and electrical installation, as examples of trade skills. A method for developing expert models is described and illustrated as an approach to understanding competence as including both conceptual and perceptual knowledge as well as performance. The use of such models in deriving curricula is then discussed. Some features of instructor-apprentice interaction in workshop settings that may encourage deeper learning are presented and preliminary experimental results in the two trade areas reported. The volume from which this chapter is taken is indexed at TD/TNC 36.34.

NCVER published statistics

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TD/TNC 99.06 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2009. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_99_06.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_99_06.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_99_06.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 September 2009. Highlights of this report include: in the 12 months to 30 September 2009, compared with the previous year, commencements decreased by 6.9 per cent to 269 000, completions increased by 5.8 per cent to 158 700 and cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 4.8 per cent to 127 500. There were 425 500 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 30 September 2009, a decrease of 2.4 per cent from one year earlier. TD/TNC 100.05 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: early trend estimates to March 2010 / National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 2 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2256.html This publication presents early trend estimates of apprentice and trainee commencements at the national level for trade and non-trade occupations up to March 2010. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no.63 (March 2010) estimates. Data are only available for commencements at the national level and have been seasonally adjusted and smoothed. Further information at the disaggregated level for the December quarter 2009 will be available in the quarterly publication to be released in early June 2010. TD/TNC 100.04 Australian vocational education and training: apprentices and trainees 2009: December quarter / National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_100_04.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_100_04.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_100_04.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 December 2009. For seasonally adjusted data, comparing the December quarter 2009 with the September quarter 2009: commencements in trades occupations increased by 4.3 per cent; commencements in non-trades occupations increased by 1.7 per cent; completions increased by 1.2 per cent; cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 0.9 per cent; and in-training numbers increased by 0.2 per cent. There were 414 900 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 31 December 2009, a decrease of 0.6 per cent from the previous year. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no.63 (March 2010 estimates). TD/TNC 100.12 Australian vocational education and training statistics: students and courses 2009. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 23 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2164.html The Australian vocational education and training (VET) system provides training across a wide range of subject areas and is delivered through a variety of training institutions and enterprises (including to apprentices and trainees). This publication provides a snapshot of Australia's publicly-funded VET sector for 2009. It includes information about students and participation, courses and qualifications, module/unit of competency enrolments, hours of delivery and full-year training equivalents for each state and territory.

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TD/TNC 100.13 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2009: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2010 22 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/statistic/publications/2263.html This annual publication provides a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia, from the period 1999 to 2009, including information on training rates, attrition rates, completion rates, training within the trades and duration of training. TD/TNC 101.05 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2009 Adelaide, South Australia: NCVER, 2010 20 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2289.html An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 March 2009. Highlights of this report include: there were 426 700 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 31 March 2009, a decrease of 0.1 per cent from the previous year; in the 12 months to 31 March 2009, compared with the previous year, commencements increased by 0.7 per cent, to 281 000, completions increased by 6.4 per cent, to 155 200 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by 1.8 per cent, to 134 200. For seasonally adjusted data, comparing the March quarter 2009, with the December quarter 2008, commencements in trades occupations decreased by 4.7 per cent, commencements in non-trades occupations decreased by 0.5%, completions decreased by 0.4%, cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 1.9 per cent and in-training numbers decreased by 0.5 per cent. TD/TNC 102.24 Historical time series of apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia from 1963 Adelaide, South Australia: NCVER, 2010 web page http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2245.html This time series presents a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia for the period 1963-2009. A timeline of major policy changes affecting apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia from 1901 to the present is provided to give the summary information context. The data tables which follow present in-training, commencement, completion, and cancellation/withdrawal figures by state and territory and trade occupation, separately, for the full period 1963-2009. For the period 1995-2009, more detailed information is provided, allowing for a comparison of training activity in trade and non-trade occupations. Finally, apprentice and trainee training rates are presented by occupation and state and territory for the period 1996-2009. In order to maintain consistency with historical source publications, figures on commencements, completions and cancellations/withdrawals are presented for the 12 months ending 30 June in all tables, while in-training figures refer to the number in-training as at 30 June. TD/TNC 102.16 Australian vocational education and training: VET in schools 2009 Adelaide, South Australia: NCVER, 2010 13 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2309.html This publication presents information on vocational education and training (VET) undertaken by school students as part of their senior secondary certificate, known as VET in Schools. The VET in Schools arrangement offers two main options: students can undertake school-based apprenticeships and traineeships or VET subjects and courses (the latter are referred to as 'other VET in Schools programs'). Most VET in Schools students are aged between 15 and 19 years. Therefore, in this report, statistics for VET in Schools students are compared with students aged 15 to 19 years who enrolled in the public VET system. Highlights include: in 2009, there were 229 500 VET in Schools students, comprised of 21 500 school-based apprentices and trainees and 208 000 students enrolled in other VET in Schools programs; in 2009, compared with 2008, the total number of VET in Schools students increased by 4.3 per cent, the number of school-based apprentices and trainees declined by 16.4 per cent and the number of students enrolled in

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other VET in Schools programs increased by 7.1 per cent. TD/TNC 95.20 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2008. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_95_20.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_95_20.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_95_20.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 September 2008. Highlights of this report include: in the 12 months to 30 September 2008, compared with the previous year, commencements increased by five per cent to 289 300, completions increased by four per cent to 149 900 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by six per cent to 138 800. There were 429 500 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 30 September 2008, an increase of three per cent from the previous year. Of these, 201 900 (47 per cent) were in trades and 227 600 (53 per cent) were in non-trades. TD/TNC 95.24 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentice and trainee destinations, 2008. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 15 p. : http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2138.html> (viewed April 2009) This publication presents information about the destinations of apprentices and trainees approximately nine months after leaving their training. The findings relate to apprentices and trainees who completed their training (completers) between October and December 2007, or who cancelled or withdrew from an apprenticeship or traineeship and have not returned to finish (non-completers) during this period. This publication presents employment outcomes, reasons for non-completion, satisfaction with the apprenticeship or traineeship, and further study destinations. The figures in this publication are derived from the 'Apprentice and trainee destination survey'. This is the first time the survey has been conducted. TD/TNC 96.05 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: December quarter 2008. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_05.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_05.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 December 2008. Highlights of this report include: in the 12 months to 31 December 2008, compared with the previous year, commencements increased by five per cent to 288,400, completions increased by four per cent to 152,300 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by two per cent to 135,200. For seasonally adjusted data, comparing the December quarter 2008 with the September quarter 2008, commencements in trades occupations decreased by four per cent, commencements in non-trades occupations decreased by one per cent with completions increasing by one per cent while in-training numbers remained steady. TD/TNC 96.01 Australian vocational education and training statistics: VET in Schools 2006. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 15 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_01.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_01.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_01.zip

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This report presents information about senior secondary school students undertaking vocational education and training (VET) through the program known as VET in Schools during 2006. Students can undertake school-based apprenticeships and traineeships or VET subjects and courses, the latter being referred to as 'other VET in Schools programs'. Most VET in Schools students are aged between 15 and 19 years. Therefore, in this report, statistics for VET in Schools students are compared with students aged 15 to 19 years who enrolled in the public VET system. The report includes information on participation, students, courses and qualifications, and subjects. TD/TNC 96.15 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2008: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 21 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_15.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_15.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_15.zip This annual publication provides a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia, from the period 1998 to 2008, including information on training rates, attrition rates, completion rates, training within the trades and duration of training. TD/TNC 97.04 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2009. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_04.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_04.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_04.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31March 2009. Highlights of this report include: there were 426 700 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 31 March 2009, a decrease of 0.1% from the previous year; in the 12 months to 31 March 2009, compared with the previous year, commencements increased by 0.7%, to 281 000, completions increased by 6.4%, to 155 200 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by 1.8%, to 134 200. For seasonally adjusted data, comparing the March quarter 2009, with the December quarter 2008, commencements in trades occupations decreased by 4.7%, commencements in non-trades occupations decreased by 0.5%, completions decreased by 0.4%, cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 1.9% and in-training numbers decreased by 0.5%. TD/TNC 96.20 Australian vocational education and training statistics: VET in Schools 2007. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_20.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_20.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_96_20.zip This report presents information about senior secondary school students undertaking vocational education and training (VET) through the program known as 'VET in Schools' during 2007. It includes information on participation, students, courses and qualifications, and subjects. Information on key performance measures and program measures for VET in Schools activity in 2007 is provided via excel data tables. In 2007, there were 174,800 VET in Schools students, representing 33.4% of school students undertaking a senior secondary certificate. The VET in Schools students comprised 15,000 school-based apprentices and trainees and 159,800 students enrolled in other VET in Schools programs. In 2007, compared with 2006, the total number of VET in Schools students increased by 1.8%, the number of school-based apprentices and trainees increased by 15.8% and the number of students enrolled in other VET in Schools programs increased by 0.7%.

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TD/TNC 97.28 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2009. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 20 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_28.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_28.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_97_28.zip Estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 June 2009 are provided in this publication. An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking a contract of training with an employer and a training provider. The publication includes information about their personal, employment and training contract characteristics. State and territory breakdowns are also contained in the publication. Comparing apprentice and trainee activity for the June quarter 2009 with the June quarter 2008: the number of people commencing a trade apprenticeship or traineeship decreased by 27.3%; and the number of people commencing a non-trade apprenticeship or traineeship decreased by 7.7%. On a seasonally adjusted basis, commencements peaked in the March quarter 2008, before declining rapidly over the following year. Seasonally adjusted commencements have now stabilised in the last quarter. TD/TNC 91.24 Australian vocational education and training statistics: employers' use and views of the VET system 2007: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/1944.html This publication presents the results of a national survey of Australian employers conducted in 2007. The survey collects information about employers' use and views of the vocational education and training (VET) system and the various ways employers use the VET system to meet their skill needs. The findings relate to the various ways in which Australian employers use the VET system and unaccredited training to meet their skill needs. This includes hiring staff with vocational qualifications, employing apprentices and trainees and having staff undertake nationally recognised and unaccredited training. TD/TNC 92.01 Australian vocational education and training statistics: VET in schools 2005: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_92_01.pdf This publication provides information about senior secondary school students undertaking vocational education and training (VET) during 2005 either through school-based apprenticeships and traineeships or other VET in Schools programs. It includes information on participation, students, courses and qualifications, and subjects. Information in this publication is derived from the NCVER VET in Schools Collection and reflects new data collection arrangements that began in 2005. TD/TNC 92.07 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2007: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_07.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_07.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_07.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 September 2007. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2007 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Commencement numbers provide the best guide for the direction of any change in the apprentice and trainee population. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under, and male. There was considerable variation in growth in commencements with inceases in numbers in the Australian Capital Territory, Queensland, Western Australia and New South Wales and with numbers declining in the remaining states and territories. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly immediate clerical, sales and

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service workers, followed by trades and related workers. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2007. TD/TNC 92.39 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: December quarter 2007: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_39.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_39.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/92_39.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 31 December 2007. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 December 2007 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Commencement numbers provide the best guide for the direction of any change in the apprentice and trainee population. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under, and male. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the December quarter 2007. TD/TNC 92.49 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2007: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_92_49.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_92_49.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_92_49.zip This publication presents data on apprentices and trainees in Australia in the period from 1997 to 2007. This publication provides some summary data, as well as additional information on training rates, completion rates, training within the trades, training duration, and prior education. Highlights include: 3.8% of Australian workers were employed as an apprentice or trainee as of December 2007, compared with 2.2% in 1997; within the trades, the rate of training (apprentices and trainees as a proportion of the number of individuals employed) as of December 2007 was 14.3%, compared with 11.0% in 1997; the completion rate for individual apprentices and trainees who started their training during 2002 was 49.5%; attrition rates from contracts within the first 12 months for trade apprentices and trainees have been steady for the cohorts commencing between 2003 and 2006; and 27.5% of all trade apprentices and trainees completing higher-level qualifications (certificate III and above) in 2007 completed their training in two years or less, compared with 16.5% in 1997. The figures used in this publication are estimates which take into account reporting lags that occur at the time of data collection. Consequently, the figures in this publication may differ from those published in earlier or later reports. TD/TNC 93.10 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2008: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/93_10.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/93_10.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/93_10.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 March 2008. Highlights include: as at 31 March 2008, there were 425 800 apprentices and trainees; there was a 10 per cent increase in traditional apprenticeships and a two per cent increase in non-trade apprenticeships; and in the year ending 31 March 2008, compared to the year ending 31 March 2007, commencements increased by 10 per cent, completions rose by two per cent to 145 800 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by six per cent to 135 4000.

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TD/TNC 94.13 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2008: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2008 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_94_13.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_94_13.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_94_13.zip An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 June 2008. In the 12 months to 30 June 2008, compared with the previous year commencements increased by seven per cent to 290,000, completions increased by four per cent to 148,400 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by eight per cent to 139,000. There were 428,100 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 30 June 2008, an increase of three per cent from the previous year. Of these, 203 500 (48%) were in trades and 224600 (52%) were in non-trades. TD/TNC 89.08 Australian vocational education and training statistics: explained. Edition 1: May 2007. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 24 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/89_08.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/89_08.pdf Australian VET statistics are derived from analyses of a systematic collection of data contributed by the administrative systems of the states and territories, together with data from apprenticeship and traineeship training contracts and targeted national surveys. This document is intended to provide a recent overview of the collections, surveys, information systems and subsequent statistical reports contained in the policy and strategic framework of the Australian vocational education and training (VET) system. TD/TNC 90.02 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees, December quarter 2006: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_90_02.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_90_02.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_90_02_a.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_90_02_b.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 December 2006. Highlights include: as at 31 December 2006 there were 397 400 apprentices and trainees, compared to 395 000 one year previously; 159 400 'traditional apprentices' in-training, up 8% from one year previously; in the year ending 31 December 2006, compared to the year ending 31 December 2005 commencements increased by five per cent to 142 500 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by two per cent to 128 700. TD/TNC 91.05 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2006: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_05.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91.05.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91.05a.xls This publication presents data on apprentices and trainees in Australia in the period from 1996 to 2006. This publication provides some summary data, as well as additional information on training rates, completion rates, training within the trades, training duration, and prior education. Highlights of the analysis are: within the trades, rates of training have risen steadily since 1999; nearly four percent of Australian workers were employed as an apprentice or trainee as of December 2006, twice the training rate of a decade earlier; 23 per cent of non-trade

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commencements in 2006 were in Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) certificates I and II, compared with 77 per cent in 1996; 28 per cent of all trades apprentices and trainees completing higher-level quali cations (AQF certi cate III and above) in 2006 completed their training in two years or less; rates of completion vary by occupation for those apprentices and trainees who started their training during 2001, from 71 per cent for science, building and engineering professionals, to 34 per cent for food trades. The figures used in this publication are estimates which take into account reporting lags that occur at the time of data collection. Consequently, the figures in this publication may differ from those published in earlier or later reports. TD/TNC 91.10 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2007: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_10.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_10.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_10_a.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_10_b.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 March 2007. Highlights include: as at 31 March 2007, there were 414 400 apprentices and trainees; there were 169 600 'traditional apprentices', up eight per cent from one year previously; and in the year ending 31 March 2007, compared to the year ending 31 March 2006, commencements increased by five per cent to 268 400, completions rose by four per cent to 143 700 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by two per cent to 130,100. TD/TNC 91.22 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2007: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_22.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_22.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_22_a.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_91_22_b.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 June 2007. Highlights include: as at 30 June 2007, there were 400,200 apprentices and trainees, a slight decline from one year previously; there were 157,700 'traditional apprentices', up nine per cent from one year previously; and in the year ending 30 June 2007, compared to the year ending 30 June 2006, commencements were 272 500 compared to 265 500 one year previously, completions increased by three per cent to 142 900 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by four per cent to 132 000. TD/TNC 85.09 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2005: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/85_09.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/85_09.xls This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 September 2005. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2005 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Commencement numbers provide the best guide for the direction of any change in the apprentice and trainee population. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under, and male. There was considerable variation in growth in commencements with increases in commencements of persons aged 45 and over and of males. On a seasonally adjusted basis, commencements have grown for six successive quarters. Commencements in 'traditional apprenticeships' have grown strongly, however, the growth is not as strong as in recent quarters. In-training numbers increased in Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and the

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Northern Territory over this period, with numbers declining in the remaining states and territories. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2005. TD/TNC 86.11 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees, December quarter 2005: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/86_11.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/86_11.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/86_11a.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 December 2005. Highlights include: as at 31 December 2005 there were 389,000 apprentices and trainees, down 0.4% from one year previously; there were 148,400 'traditional apprentices', up 11% from one year previously; in the year ending 31 December 2005, compared to the year ending 31 December 2004 commencements grew by three per cent to 264700, completions rose by two per cent to 138,700 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by four per cent to 130,300. TD/TNC 87.05 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2006: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/87_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/87_05.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/87_05_a.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 March 2006. Highlights include: as at 31 March 2006, there were 403,600 apprentices and trainees, down 0.1% from one year previously; there were 158,500 'traditional apprentices', up 10% from one year previously; and in the year ending 31 March 2006, compared to the year ending 31 March 2005, commencements increased by five per cent to 271,100, completions rose by six per cent to 142,600 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by six per cent to 133,100. TD/TNC 87.06 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2005: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_87_06.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_87_06.doc This publication presents an analysis of training activity undertaken by apprentices and trainees in Australia in the year to 31 December 2005. The figures presented in this publication are derived from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) March 2005 apprentice and trainee collection. The number of apprentices and trainees in training is shown as at 31 December while the number of commencements, completions, cancellations and withdrawals is provided for the year ending 31 December. Highlights of the analysis are: nearly one in five 15 to 19 year olds in employment were engaged as an apprentice or a trainee; commencements of traditional apprenticeships have outstripped the employment growth of the trades; rates of training within the trades have risen steadily since 1995, while trade vacancies have fluctuated; commencements in school-based apprenticeships and traineeships have more than quadrupled since the late 1990s; school-based and other apprentices and trainees attending school account for nearly one in five teenage apprentices (aged 19 years and under); and existing workers account for more than a quarter of all commencements. The figures used in this publication are estimates which take into account reporting lags that occur at the time of data collection. Consequently, the figures in this publication may differ from those published in earlier or later reports.

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TD/TNC 88.02 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2006: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/88_02.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/88_02.xls An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 30 June 2006. Highlights include: as at 30 June 2006, there were 400,200 apprentices and trainees, a slight decline from one year previously; there were 157,700 'traditional apprentices', up nine per cent from one year previously; and in the year ending 30 June 2006, compared to the year ending 30 June 2005, commencements increased by three per cent to 265,200, completions rose by five per cent to 142,400 and cancellations and withdrawals increased by four per cent to 131,300. TD/TNC 88.15 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2006: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/88_15.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/88_15a.xls http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/88_15b.xls This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 September 2006. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2006 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Commencement numbers provide the best guide for the direction of any change in the apprentice and trainee population. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under, and male. There was considerable variation in growth in commencements with inceases in numbers in the Australian Capital Territory, Queensland, Western Australia and New South Wales and with numbers declining in the remaining states and territories. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly immediate clerical, sales and service workers, followed by trades and related workers. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2006. TD/TNC 81.04 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: September quarter 2004: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/81_04.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/81_04.xls This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 September 2004. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2004 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Brief analysis of the data indicates that while the number in training declined slightly in comparison with the same quarter in 2003, apprenticeships and traineeships were 19% higher than the previous year, the highest since 1992. The profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in recent years, with increases in all age groups and the strongest growth noted in the age group 45 and over. As well, female participation increased relative to male participation. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2004. TD/TNC 81.18 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: December quarter 2004: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/81_18.pdf

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http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/81_18.xls This publication provides estimates of apprentice and trainee activity for the quarter ending 31 December 2004. An apprentice or trainee is a person undertaking vocational training through a contracted training arrangement. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 December 2004 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The overall trend is that apprentice and trainee numbers have continued to decline. In-training numbers fell in all States and Territories, with the exception of South Australia (SA) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), which experienced small increases. Highlights are: the number in-training at 31 December 2004 was 382,400, down from the peak of 406,900 reached at 30 September 2003; there were 263,100 commencements in the year ending 31 December 2004, 5% lower than the 277,900 commencements for the year ending 31 December 2003; there were 139,000 completions in the year ending 31 December 2004, representing an 11% increase over the 125,700 completions recorded for the year ending 31 December 2003; commencements in the trades and related workers occupational group in the year to 31 December 2004 were 70,300, a 14% increase over the 61,400 commencements for the year ending 31 December 2003; commencements in traditional apprenticeships numbered 57,500 in the year ending 31 December 2004, a 23% increase over the 46,600 commencements for the year ending 31 December 2003. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the December quarter 2004. TD/TNC 82.03 Apprentice and trainee completion rates / Katrina Ball, David John. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 30 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_82_03.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_82_03.zip This publication reports completion rates for apprentices and trainees who commenced their apprenticeship or traineeship between 1995 and 1999, and attrition rates for more recent commencements. Training contracts vary in length and can be done on a full-time or part-time basis. In order to take account of how long it takes for an apprenticeship or traineeship to be completed, the latest information available on outcomes of longer duration contracts is for contracts commencing in 1999. While the majority of apprentices and trainees undertake a single contract of training with a single employer, some will change employer before their training is completed and therefore, may enter into more than one training contract. Also, while some may continue as an apprentice or trainee in the same vocation, others may change their vocation as well as their employer before completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. This report examines completion rates for a single contract of training, a vocation and individual apprentices and trainees. The study findings include: the aggregate completion rate (for those completing a single contract) declined from 55% for those apprentices and trainees who commenced their training in 1995, to 52% for those who commenced in 1999; completion rates have declined for traditional apprentices from 71% for the cohort of 1995 to 60% for the cohort of 1999 (same trade but different employer to that of their original contract); completion rates have increased for those who were not traditional apprentices from 47% for the cohort of 1995 to 52% for the cohort of 1999 (same trade but different employer to that of their original contract); completion rates reflect the economy-wide pattern of labour market mobility; the age group with the lowest completion rates is the 20- to 24-year age group, which is also the most job-mobile age group; occupations such as sales and service workers, which exhibit high rates of labour mobility, also tend to have low completion rates; and in more recent years, attrition rates in the first year of an apprenticeship or traineeship have fallen, suggesting that completion rates may be on the increase. TD/TNC 82.13 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2005: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/82_13.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/82_13.xls This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 31 March 2005. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 March 2005 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The number of apprentices and trainees in-training at 31 March 2005 was estimated to be 390 200, a decrease of 3% from the number 12 months earlier, but an increase of 1% over the last quarter. Newly commencing

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apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under and were male. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the March quarter 2005. TD/TNC 84.08 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2005: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/84_08.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/84_08.xls This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 June 2005. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2005 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in the 12 months to 30 June 2005 and commencement numbers provide the best guide for the direction of change in the apprentice and trainee population. Newly commencing apprentices and trainees were predominantly aged 19 and under, and male. There was considerable variation in growth in commencements with increases in commencements of persons aged 45 and over and of males. As well, there were commencement increases in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales with decreases in commencements in the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the June quarter 2005. TD/TNC 76.07 Australian vocational education and training statistics: trends in 'traditional apprenticeships' / Louise Brooks. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 33 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_76_07.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_76_07.zip The data submitted to the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) by states and territories does not separately distinguish apprentices from trainees. However, many policy-makers and researchers are interested in segmenting the apprentice and trainee population into two groups. In this publication, other information is used to develop a proxy indicator of 'traditional apprentices'. The 'traditional apprentice' for the purposes of this study, is a person who is employed under a contract of training in a trades occupation, training towards a qualification at Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) level III or higher, and the portrait of 'traditional apprenticeships' provided here is, broadly, one of constancy over the past six years. The overall portrait of apprenticeships and traineeships, in contrast, shows a lot of change. Numbers have more than doubled, and there are now far higher proportions of women and older workers undertaking apprenticeships and traineeships. The study suggests that 'traditional apprenticeship' remains very much a major pathway for young men making the transition from school to work: more than three in four of all teenagers employed in the trades in 2002 were undertaking a 'traditional apprenticeship', an increase from approximately two in three in 1996. The study also discovered that four in five traditional apprentices are employed by companies in the private sector, but a growing proportion, close to one in five, is employed through group training companies. What the past six years illustrates most of all is that the underlying concept of an apprenticeship, 'structured learning in a work-based environment', has made a successful transition and is now well established outside the trades. TD/TNC 77.05 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2003: December quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/77_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/77_05a.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/77_05.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of

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training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 October 2003 to 31 December 2003. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 December 2003 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Brief analysis indicates that the profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in recent years with the strongest growth in the number of apprentices and trainees over the last 12 months being in the 45 and over age group, which has more than quadrupled over the last five years. The number of female apprentices and trainees continues to grow at a faster rate than for males. Over the last 12 months there was a 15% increase in the number of female apprentices and trainees in-training, compared to an 8% increase in the number of males. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the December quarter 2003. TD/TNC 78.03 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: March quarter 2004: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/78_03.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/78_03.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 31 March 2004. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 March 2004 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Brief analysis indicates that the profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in recent years with the strongest growth in the number of apprentices and trainees over the last 12 months being in the 45 and over age group, which has more than quadrupled over the last five years. The number of female apprentices and trainees continues to grow at a faster rate than for males. Over the last 12 months there was a 7% increase in the number of female apprentices and trainees in-training, compared to a 5% increase in the number of males. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the March quarter 2004. TD/TNC 79.12 Australian vocational education and training statistics: VET in schools 2003. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_79_12.pdf The introduction of vocational education and training (VET) within the senior secondary curriculum was designed to broaden students' choices beyond subjects which predominantly led to university, and to provide alternative pathways to tertiary education and work. This publication provides information about senior secondary school students undertaking vocational education and training (VET) during 2003, either through VET in Schools programs or school-based New Apprenticeships. An overview of student characteristics is provided, including participation rates for VET in Schools program students, qualifications and the type of training undertaken. TD/TNC 80.01 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees: June quarter 2004: summary. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/80_01.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/80_01.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the quarter ending 30 June 2004. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2004 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Analysis indicates that the growth in apprentice and trainee numbers had levelled off by this quarter. As well, the profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in the 12 months to 30 June 2004: about four per cent of commencements were in the 19 years or less age group, with 10 per cent of these in school-based contracts which compares to 36% for the 12 months to 30 June 2003, with seven per cent in school-based contracts; there were slight declines in commencements across all other age groups; and there has been an increase in the proportion of male apprentices and trainees commencing (58%) compared to females (42%) (previously 55.5% males

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and 44.5% females). The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the June quarter 2004. TD/TNC 79.03 Australian vocational education and training statistics: apprentices and trainees 2003: annual. Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_79_03.pdf This publication presents an analysis of training activity undertaken by apprentices and trainees in Australia in the year to 31 December 2003. It also identifies major changes in apprentice and trainee activity between 1995 and 2003. The figures presented in this publication are derived from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) March 2004 apprentice and trainee collection. The number of apprentices and trainees in training is shown as at 31 December while the number of commencements, completions, cancellations and withdrawals is provided for the year ending 31 December. Highlights of the analysis are: there was an increase in commencements of apprenticeships and traineeships in 2003 by five per cent from 2002; numbers of apprentices and trainees grew strongly in 2003 for Indigenous Australians (up 27% from 2002) but fell for people with a disability (down five per cent from 2002); at the end of 2003 growth in apprentice and trainee numbers was faster than the growth in overall employment; apprenticeships and traineeships are no longer the domain of young people; almost half are aged 25 years or more; around three in 10 people commencing an apprenticeship or traineeship in 2003 were already working for their employer, mostly in business services, transport and distribution, and retail; apprenticeships and traineeships remain an important pathway for young people when making the transition from school to work; and over 12,000 secondary school students commenced a school-based apprenticeship in 2003, mostly in retail and hospitality. The figures used in this publication are estimates which take into account reporting lags that occur at the time of data collection. Consequently, the figures in this publication may differ from those published in earlier or later reports. TD/TNC 73.01 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2002: December quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/73_01.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 October 2002 to 31 December 2002. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 December 2002 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2002. TD/TNC 74.05 Apprentice and trainee activity 2003: March quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/74_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/74_05_s.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships)for the period 1 January 2003 to 31 March 2003. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 March 2003 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the December quarter 2002. TD/TNC 74.15 Australian vocational education and training statistics: annual apprentice and trainee statistics 2002: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 16 p.

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http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/74_15.pdf At 31 December 2001, approximately 373,200 individuals were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship with an employer under a contract of training, an increase of 14.8% from December 31 2001. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through such contract of training arrangements. Summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for 2001 is provided. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training for 2002. Highlights include: Three quarters of all apprentices and trainees in-training were undertaking Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) level III programs; and the two largest occupation groups were the trades and related workers and the intermediate clerical, sales and service workers. TD/TNC 75.08 Apprentice and trainee activity 2003: June quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/75_08.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/75_08_s.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 April 2003 to 30 June 2003. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2003 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. TD/TNC 76.05 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2003: September quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/76_05.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/76_05a.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/76_05.zip This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 July 2003 to 30 September 2003. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2003 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Brief analysis of the data indicates that the number of apprentices and trainees continues to increase, with commencements and completions higher than in previous years but with withdrawals also higher. The profile of the apprentice and trainee population has changed significantly in recent years, with increases in all age groups and the strongest growth noted in the age group 45 and over. As well, female participation increased relative to male participation. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2003. TD/TNC 69.11 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: December quarter 2001: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/69_11.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 October 2001 to 31 December 2001. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 December 2001 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education (NCVER) based on the reported data for the December quarter 2001. TD/TNC 70.12 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2002: March quarter: at a glance.

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Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/70_12.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 January 2002 to 31 March 2002. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 March 2002 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education (NCVER) based on the reported data for the March quarter 2002. TD/TNC 70.66 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: annual 2001. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/70_66.pdf At 31 December 2001, approximately 329,580 individuals were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship with an employer under a contract of training, an increase of 11.8% from December 31 2000. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through such contract of training arrangements. Summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for 2001 is provided. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training for 2001. TD/TNC 71.02 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2002: June quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/71_02.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 April 2002 to 30 June 2002. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2002 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the June quarter 2002. TD/TNC 72.01 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2002: September quarter: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/72_01.pdf his publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 July 2002 to 30 September 2002. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 September 2002 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2002. TD/TNC 65.01 Apprenticeship in Australia: an historical snapshot / John Ray. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 iii, 40 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/548.html This short publication outlines the origins and the main factors that have influenced the history and the development of apprenticeship in Australia. The paper has a policy focus and attempts to identify the key issues that have been important or could still be important in apprenticeship in Australia. It gives a chronological overview of the origins and establishment of apprenticeships in Australia, looks at the period of training reform (1990-98), and offers recommendations for the future.

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TD/TNC 65.03 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2000, vol.6, no.4, October-December 2000. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 50 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_65_03.pdf This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analyses on selected topics relating to contracts of training are provided. The period reported here is October to December 2000.

TD/TNC 66.04 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics March quarter 2001: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 [8] p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/66_04.pdf This publication contains statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2001. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 31 March 2001 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. Estimates for commencements and completions are given. TD/TNC 67.01 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: annual 2000: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/67_01.pdf The year 2000 began with apprenticeship and traineeship activity at record levels. At 31 December 1999, approximately 256 750 individuals were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship with an employer under a contract of training. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through such contract of training arrangements. Summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for 2000 is provided. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training for 2000. TD/TNC 67.06 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics, June quarter 2001: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/67_06.pdf This publication contains statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 April 2001 to 30 June 2001. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2001 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education (NCVER) based on the reported data for the June quarter 2001. TD/TNC 68.02 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics, September quarter 2001: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2001 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/68_02.pdf This publication contains a summary of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contracts of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships) for the period 1 July 2001 to 30 September 2001. It looks at the estimates of apprentices and trainees who were training as at 30 June 2001 and at longer term trends for in-training figures. The figures used in this publication are estimated figures calculated by the National Centre for Vocational Education (NCVER) based on the reported data for the September quarter 2001.

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TD/TNC 61.06 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1999, vol.5, no.4, October-December 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is October to December, 1999. TD/TNC 61.07 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1998: annual statistics: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 10 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/61_07.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/61_07a.pdf http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/61_07b.pdf This publication focuses on training patterns emerging since the introduction of New Apprenticeships from 1 January 1998. It is the first in a series of calendar year annuals, annual apprentice and trainee statistics previously having been published on a financial year basis. Summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for 1998 is provided. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training for 1998. TD/TNC 61.20 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: electrical and electronics trades 1995 to 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 iii, 21 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/413.html The purpose of this report is to provide information on trends over the years 1995 to 1998 in the realm of contracts of training in vocational education and training in the trade industries (electrical, building and construction, automotive manufacturing/retailing, manufacturing, hospitality, and retailing) in Australia. Preliminary indicative data are also provided for 1999. The report focuses on providing more detailed information on such factors as trends in numbers in training, and commencements and completions, in the context of relevant economic and labour market information for each of the specified trade industry areas. There are three companion publications: Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: mechanical engineering and fabrication trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.21); Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: automotive repairs and service trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.22); and Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: skills supply to the trade industries 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.23). TD/TNC 61.21 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: mechanical engineering and fabrication trades 1995 to 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 iii, 38 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/414.html The purpose of this report is to provide information on trends over the years 1995 to 1998 in the realm of contracts of training in vocational education and training in the trade industries (electrical, building and construction, automotive manufacturing/retailing, manufacturing, hospitality, and retailing) in Australia. Preliminary indicative data are also provided for 1999. The report focuses on providing more detailed information on such factors as trends in numbers in training, and commencements and completions, in the context of relevant economic and labour market information for each of the specified trade industry areas. There are three companion publications: Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: electrical and electronics trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.20); Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: automotive repairs and service trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.22); and Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: skills supply to the trade

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industries 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.23). TD/TNC 61.22 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: automotive repairs and service trades 1995 to 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 iii, 17 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/415.html The purpose of this report is to provide information on trends over the years 1995 to 1998 in the realm of contracts of training in vocational education and training in the trade industries (electrical, building and construction, automotive manufacturing/retailing, manufacturing, hospitality, and retailing) in Australia. Preliminary indicative data are also provided for 1999. The report focuses on providing more detailed information on such factors as trends in numbers in training, and commencements and completions, in the context of relevant economic and labour market information for each of the specified trade industry areas. There are three companion publications: Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: electrical and electronics trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.20); Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: mechanical engineering and fabrication trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.21); and Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: skills supply to the trade industries 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.23). TD/TNC 61.23 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: skills supply to the trade industries 1995 to 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 iii, 28 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/412.html The purpose of this report is to provide information on trends over the years 1995 to 1998 in the realm of contracts of training in vocational education and training in the trade industries (electrical, building and construction, automotive manufacturing/retailing, manufacturing, hospitality, and retailing) in Australia. Preliminary indicative data are also provided for 1999. The report focuses on providing more detailed information on such factors as trends in numbers in training, and commencements and completions, in the context of relevant economic and labour market information for each of the specified trade industry areas. There are three companion publications: Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: electrical and electronics trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.20); Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: mechanical engineering and fabrication trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.21); and Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: automotive repairs and service trades 1995 to 1999 (TD/TNC 61.22). TD/TNC 62.03 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2000, vol.6, no.1, January-March 2000. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is January to March 2000. TD/TNC 63.01 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2000, vol.6, no.2, April-June 2000. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is April to June 2000. TD/TNC 63.03 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1999: annual statistics: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 [6] p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/63_03.pdf

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This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements, that is apprenticeships and traineeships. Summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for 1999 is provided. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training for 1999. TD/TNC 63.06 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: apprentices and trainees in Australia 1985-1999: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 12 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/63_06.pdf The purpose of this publication is to provide a snapshot of information about apprentices and trainees in Australia from 1985 to 1999 as a basis of comparison with future New Apprenticeship data. It sets apprentice and trainee data in its historical context, and looks briefly at the changing focus in training, subsidy arrangements, and public funding of apprenticeships and traineeships. The publication includes references to time series information over the past 15 years. TD/TNC 63.10 Occupational trends and new apprentice training / Brett Freeland. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 viii, 59 p. http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/514.html The purpose of this report is to identify and provide a comprehensive account of the trends and developments in Australian society, economy and policy which will shape Australia's apprenticeship and traineeship system over the coming years. It covers a wide range of labour market and education and training issues and will be of interest to many readers including business, students, community groups, education and training providers and government. The results presented provide a useful guide as to future scenarios, especially regarding the distribution of apprentice and trainee employment opportunities in the Australian labour market. TD/TNC 64.02 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 2000, vol.6, no.3, July-September 2000. Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is July to September 2000. TD/TNC 59.05 Australian apprentices and trainees statistics: Australian apprentices and trainees: recent trends: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 1999 12 p. A database of nationally consistent data on apprentices and trainees has been built up since 1994 and is maintained by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER), making it possible to provide trend information over a number of years on apprentices and trainees. This publication aims to provide, for the first time, selected key information on apprentices and trainees from both the trends analysis for the period 1995 to 1998 and the richer information on apprentices available from the data matching of on-the-job and off-the-job training for 1997. A companion publication, 'Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: trends 1995-1998: an overview' may be found at TD/TNC 59.12. TD/TNC 59.12 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: trends 1995-1998: an overview. Adelaide: NCVER, 1999 42 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_59_12.pdf Increasing attention is again being paid to the development of apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia's

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vocational education and training (VET) system, particularly following the introduction of New Apprenticeships from 1 January 1998 and the rapid expansion of traineeships. The purpose of this report is to provide information on trends over the years 1995 to 1998 in the realm of contracts of training in VET, that is apprenticeships and traineeships. It gives historical apprenticeship and traineeship data over the period 1995 to 1998 in order to identify current trends in numbers in training, commencements and completions in the context of occupational area, prior qualifications, level, employer characteristics and other economic and demographic considerations. A companion publication, 'Australian apprentices and trainees statistics: Australian apprentices and trainees: recent trends: at a glance' may be found at TD/TNC 59.05. TD/TNC 59.17 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics, vol.5, no.1, Jan-Mar 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 1999 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is January to March 1999. TD/TNC 59.33 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1999, vol.5, no.2, Apr-Jun 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 1999 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is April to June 1999. TD/TNC 60.12 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1999, vol.5, no.3, July-September 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 1999 50 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is July to September, 1999. TD/TNC 53.01 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: apprentices and trainees in Australia 1985-1997: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 8 p. This publication, funded by the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) and produced by NCVER with the assistance of the Dept of Employment, Education and Youth Affairs (DEETYA), provides information about apprentices and trainees as a basis of comparison with future New Apprenticeship data. Historical information covering the last twelve years is presented and the changing nature of training during that time is considered. TD/TNC 54.51 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1997-98: quarter three, vol.4, no.3, Jan-Mar 1998. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 32 p. This publication presents information on persons undertaking vocational training through apprenticeship and traineeship arrangements. It provides highlights of current trends and descriptive analysis on selected topics related to contracts of training. The publication reports on the third quarter of the financial year for the period 1 January 1998 to 31 March 1998. TD/TNC 55.29 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1997-98, quarter 4, vol.4, no.4, April-June 1998. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 32 p.

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This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). It highlights current trends and provides descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training. The period reported here is the fourth quarter of the 1997/97 financial year, from 1 April 1998 to 30 June 1998. TD/TNC 56.03 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1998, vol.4, no.5, July-Sept 1998. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 48 p. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships), reporting on the period from July to September 1998. Current trends are highlighted and there is descriptive analysis on selected topics related to contracts of training. TD/TNC 56.07 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1997-1998: annual statistics vol,4, 1 July 1997 - 30 June 1998. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 52 p. + 3.5 diskette This publication, reporting for the period 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998, presents information of people undertaking vocational training through apprenticeship and traineeship arrangements. It presents highlights of current trends and descriptive analysis on selected topics related to contracts of training. Included is a computer diskette containing 1997/98 annual Australian apprentice and trainee statistics. TD/TNC 56.10 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics: apprentices and trainees 1997/98: at a glance. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 [2] p. This leaflet provides summary information about apprenticeship and traineeship activity in Australia for the period July 1997 to June 1998. Up-to-date estimates are provided for Australia and for each State and Territory for apprentice and trainee commencements and recommencements, cancellations and withdrawals, completions and the number in training at 30 June 1998. TD/TNC 57.15 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1998, vol.4, no.6, Oct-Dec 1998; vol.5, no.1, Jan-Mar 1999. Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 2 v. This publication contains a selection of statistics on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (apprenticeships and traineeships). Current trends are highlighted and descriptive analysis on selected topics relating to contract of training is provided. The period reported here is 1 October 1998 to 31 December 1998. TD/TNC 49.25 Australian training statistics: annual 1995/96: 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996; volume 2. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 107 p. This annual publication replaces and expands upon the 'Apprenticeship statistics' compilations. It provides information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements. The accompanying leaflet presents summary information at a national level to provide readers with the big picture about Australian contracts of training (TD/TNC 49.26). These training publications are produced under the Australian Vocational Education and Training Management Information Statistical Standard (AVETMISS). TD/TNC 49.26 Australian training statistics: annual 1995/96 - supplement. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 1 leaflet This leaflet enhances the report 'Australian training statistics: 1995/96 annual statistics: 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996'

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(TD/TNC 49.25) by providing some commentary and interpretive analysis for the data at a national level. Included are highlights, graphs, and tables to assist the reader in establishing a view of data trends in regard to contracts of training and females in non-traditional vocations. Refer to the report for key definitions and important points to note. TD/TNC 52.05 Australian apprentice and training statistics: quarter 1, volume 4 number 1, July - September 1997; quarter 2, volume 4 number 2, October - December 1997; quarter 3, volume 4 number 3, January - March 1998. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 3 v. This publication presents information on persons undertaking vocational training through apprenticeship and traineeship arrangements. It provides highlights of current trends and descriptive analysis on selected topics related to contracts of training. The publication reports on the first quarter of the financial year for the period 1 July 1997 to 30 September 1997. TD/TNC 52.85 Australian training statistics: 1996/97 annual statistics: 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997: volume 3. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 111 p. This annual publication brings together information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements (including apprenticeships) for the financial year 1996/97. The publication includes: part 1: At a glance, which reports a brief overview of data for the current financial year; part 2: time series reports on preliminary published data as well as annual updated information; and part 3: National overview, which reports on current annual data for Australia, States and Territories. It is accompanied by a snapshot of national data, the brochure titled InContract: contract of training annual statistics 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997 (TD/TNC 52.86). TD/TNC 52.86 InContract: contract of training annual statistics 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 8 p. This publication is intended to provide an overview of national data related to contracts of training (including apprenticeships and traineeships) and will include feature highlights of current trends, articles and a descriptive analysis of selected topics. It is a companion to Australian training statistics - annual 1996/97 (TD/TNC 52.85). TD/TNC 54.50 Australian apprentice and trainee statistics 1997-98: quarter two, volume 4, number 2, Oct-Dec 1997. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 32 p. This publication presents information on persons undertaking vocational training through apprenticeship and traineeship arrangements. It provides highlights of current trends and descriptive analysis on selected topics related to contracts of training. The publication reports on the second quarter of the financial year for the period 1 October 1997 to 31 December 1997. TD/TNC 51.118 InContract: contract of training statistics 1 April to 30 June 1997. Australian training statistics volume 3 no 4 Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 8 p. InContract is intended to provide readers with an overview of national data related to contracts of training (including apprenticeships and traineeships) and includes highlights of current trends, articles and a descriptive analysis of selected topics. This publication is a companion volume to Australian Training Statistics vol.3, no.4. It has been reviewed and updated to include time series and data updates as well as the tables published previously. TD/TNC 59.160 Australian training statistics 1996/97: quarter 1, volume 3, number 1, 1 July to 30 September 1996. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 32 p.

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This publication provides information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements and includes apprentices, Australian Traineeship System trainees and other relevant forms of employment-based training. The publication reports on the first quarter of the financial year for the period 1 July1997 to 31 December 1997. TD/TNC 59.161 Australian training statistics 1996/97: quarter 2, volume 3, number 2, 1 October to 31 December 1996. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 32 p. This publication provides information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements and includes apprentices, Australian Traineeship System trainees and other relevant forms of employment-based training. The publication reports on the second quarter of the financial year for the period 1 October to 31 December 1996. TD/TNC 65.487 Australian training statistics 1996/97: quarter 3, volume 3, number 3, 1 January to 31 March 1997. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 32 p. This publication provides information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements and includes apprentices, Australian Traineeship System trainees and other relevant forms of employment-based training. The publication reports on the second quarter of the financial year for the period 1 January to 31 March 1997. TD/TNC 65.488 Australian training statistics 1996/97: quarter 4, volume 3, number 4, 1 April to 30 June 1997. Adelaide: NCVER, 1997 32 p. This publication provides information on persons undertaking vocational training through contract of training arrangements and includes apprentices, Australian Traineeship System trainees and other relevant forms of employment-based training. The publication reports on the second quarter of the financial year for the period 1 April to 30 June 1997. TD/TNC 42.60 Apprenticeship statistics 1984-85 to 1993-94. Adelaide: NCVER, 1995 iii, 31 p. This publication is based on a compilation of information about apprentices from administrative records of the State and Territory training authorities and Commonwealth Departments and instrumentalities. It has been prepared by the National Centre for Vocational Education and Training (NCVER) on behalf of the Australian Committee on Vocational Education and Training Statistics (ACVETS). Part 1 contains data on apprenticeships from 1984-85 to 1993-94, by states and territories, by Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO) trade group and by year, states and territories and gender. Part 2 contains data on apprenticeships during 1993-94, by states and territories and ASCO trade group. TD/TNC 35.76 Quarterly apprenticeship statistics: 1st July 1993 to 30th September 1993. Quarterly apprenticeship statistics Adelaide: NCVER, 1993 31 p. The Quarterly apprenticeship statistics provide information on persons undertaking trade training through apprenticeship arrangements. Prior to July 1993, this publication was prepared by the Commonwealth Department of Employment, Education and Training (DEET) on behalf of the Vocational Education, Employment and Training Advisory Committee (VEETAC). The tabular format of previous editions has been retained, but the document has been enhanced by the inclusion of graphs for individual States and Territories as well as Australia wide, all based on ASCO Trade Groups.

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This publication includes apprentices who are registered with all State and Territory Training Authorities, and trainee apprentices in New South Wales. Also included are apprentices registered with the Deputy Industrial Registrar in New South Wales, as well as apprentices employed under Federal awards in Victoria by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation. TD/TNC 36.45 Quarterly apprenticeship statistics: 1st October 1993 to 31st December 1993. Quarterly apprenticeship statistics Adelaide: NCVER, c1993 31 p. The Quarterly apprenticeship statistics provide information on persons undertaking trade training through apprenticeship arrangements. Prior to July 1993, this publication was prepared by the Commonwealth Department of Employment, Education and Training (DEET) on behalf of the Vocational Education, Employment and Training Advisory Committee (VEETAC). In 1993, the responsibility for publication of this document was transferred from DEET to COTTS (the Committee on TAFE and Training Statistics). COTTS has since been renamed ACVETS (Australian Committee on Vocational Education and Training Statistics). The preparation of the publication is now done by NCVER for ACVETS. The tabular format of previous editions has been retained, but the document has been enhanced by the inclusion of graphs for individual States and Territories as well as Australia wide, all based on ASCO Trade Groups. This publication includes apprentices who are registered with all State and Territory Training Authorities, and trainee apprentices in New South Wales. Also included are apprentices registered with the Deputy Industrial Registrar in New South Wales, as well as apprentices employed under Federal awards in Victoria by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation. NCVER related conference papers TD/TNC 97.74 Belonging, becoming and being: the role of 'proximal participation' in apprentices' decisions to begin an indenture / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 18th, 2009, Ballarat, Vic. Adelaide: NCVER, 2009 7 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf18/tr18chan.doc In a PhD research project investigating the journey of apprentice bakers, the term 'proximal participation' was developed to describe the entry process of young people with unclear career destinations into the trade of baking. This paper begins the process of unravelling the significance of proximal participation in the decision making processes of young people who enter a trade via associated occupations. In the research study, all but one of the apprentices who participated in the study began their indenture after working in jobs associated with baking. These jobs could also be generically applied to other hospitality related trades. However, proximal participation provided the research participants with the opportunity to preview a specific trade not as 'legitimate peripheral participants' as defined by Lave and Wenger (1991) but as participants who were outside the actual trade community of practice. An exploration of proximal participation may therefore contribute to a wide range of vocational and professional occupations whereby proximal participants migrate into 'legitimate peripheral participation' after initial interaction with the trade. A focus of this paper will be to highlight the factors that may be useful to potential employers in utilising aspects of proximal participation to induct potential employees into the trade. Author's abstract. A list of the presentations from this conference may be found at TD/TNC 97.71; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 97.72 to TD/TNC 97.79. TD/TNC 94.158 Skilling Australia: our apprenticeships challenge. Mares, Peter Gow, Neil Hart, John Heron, Linda Tighe, Peter Apprenticeships: Sustaining Australia's Skill Base - NCVER Research Forum: October 2008, Melbourne

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[Melbourne]: [ABC Radio National], [2008] podcast (54 min., 37 sec.) + transcript (15 p.) http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2079.html This podcast features a panel discussion recorded by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) at the National Centre for Vocational Education Research's (NCVER's) August 2008 forum 'Apprenticeships: sustaining Australia's skills base' in Melbourne. The ABC's Peter Mares chaired the session on Australia's skilling issues with panellists Neil Gow, John Hart, Linda Heron and Peter Tighe. It was broadcast on October 3, 2008 as an episode of ABC Radio National's, The National Interest. TD/TNC 96.866 Youth wages, training wages and productivity: the economic anatomy of traineeships / Mark Cully. Cully, Mark 2008 Minimum Wage Research Forum proceedings: volume two / Australian Fair Pay Commission. Australian Fair Pay Commission pp.267-287 Australian Fair Pay Commission Minimum Wage Research Forum: 2008, Melbourne Vic. Melbourne: Australian Fair Pay Commission, 2008 http://www.fairpay.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/FDDD8BB0-4192-46F9-BB24-0326B073753F/0/Paper10_MarkCully_National CentreforVocationalEducationResearch.pdf From a very low base in 1995, traineeship starts now number around 200,000 each year. Their growth belies the economic cycle. In this paper a range of evidence is brought to bear to show that the productivity gap between trainees and adult workers is narrower than implied by the structure of training wages which, by implication, accounts for the high concentration of trainees in relatively low-pay industries such as retail and hospitality. Government subsidies for traineeships are best seen as a labour market program and should be re-oriented towards disadvantaged individuals as originally suggested by the 1986 Kirby report [indexed at TD/LMR 85.649]. The application of a standard nominal training wage across industries is also a contributory factor to the pattern of traineeship activity. Published abstract. The volume from which this conference paper is taken is indexed at TD/TNC 96.861. Selected individual papers are indexed from TD/TNC 96.862 to TD/TNC 96.866. TD/TNC 90.563 Becoming a baker: from 'hopeful reactor' to 'passion honer' / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 16th, 2007, Alice Springs, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 9 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf16/tr16chan.doc http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf16/tr16chan.ppt This paper focuses on emergent themes from interviews with young apprentice bakers. It is part of a larger study of how young people become bakers. The overall objective of the main study is to explore the apprenticeship journeys of young apprentices learning their trade in the New Zealand baking industry. This paper reports on interviews carried out with second year apprentices. It reveals that the majority of the apprentices in the study, who had taken on an [apprenticeship] due to lack of other choices, are gaining confidence in their abilities. This confidence is shown in their building passion for the trade and their growing commitment towards becoming bakers. Published abstract. A list of the presentations from this conference may be found at TD/TNC 90.554; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 90.555 to TD/TNC 90.578. TD/TNC 90.577 Have trainee learning needs been forgotten? / Michelle Melick. Melick, Michelle National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 16th, 2007, Alice Springs, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2007 7 p.

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http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf16/tr16melick.doc This paper represents beginning research into the question 'Have trainee learning needs been forgotten'? The main objective of this research is to understand 'how' learning is currently happening for New Apprentices (trainees) and to explore current trainee workplace learning systems and trainee workplace supervision. The data collected will be compared to the requirements of the Australian Apprenticeship/Traineeship Contract and the National Code of Good Practice for Australian Apprenticeship. The research will examine the efficacy of the current system and consider ideas and evidence on what a modern traineeship learning system encompasses. The findings will inform policymakers by: identifying 'how' and 'what' trainees are learning in the workplace; revealing how signatories to the apprenticeship contract understand the contract; identifying the main challenges with the existing system; developing a model of good practice. The overall study will identify and analyse the expectations and experiences of: trainees; workplace trainers/assessors employed by registered training organisations (RTOs); host employers; Australian Apprenticeship Centres and others in the context of [Australian Qualifications Framework] AQF Certificate III in Business Administration. Published abstract. A list of the presentations from this conference may be found at TD/TNC 90.554; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 90.555 to TD/TNC 90.578. TD/TNC 86.457 Falling into a trade: apprentices perceptions of becoming a baker / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 15th, 2006, Mooloolaba, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2006 [9] p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf15/tr15chan.doc This paper is a report on the initial data analysis of a larger study on how apprentices become bakers. The overall objective of this study is to explore the apprenticeship journeys of young apprentices learning their trade in the New Zealand baking industry. This interim report is based on interviews with first year apprentices. The apprentices interviewed were all between 17 to 18 years of age. The majority of these apprentices left school in Year 11 or 12 (equivalent to Australian Years 10 and 11) with minimal National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) credits. Perhaps surprisingly, none of these apprentices had initial ambitions to become bakers. However, interestingly, they had all undertaken work experience in bakeries while at school. At the time of the interviews, they were well into their first year of working in a bakery. Therefore, this report provides a snapshot view of how these apprentices have settled into the baking life and their progress through the beginning stages of becoming bakers. Published abstract. A list of the collected available papers from this conference may be found at TD/TNC 86.451; a list of available PowerPoint presentations may be found at TD/TNC 86.452; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 86.453 to TD/TNC 86.475. TD/TNC 81.19 Factors influencing completion of apprenticeships and traineeships / Katrina Ball. Ball, Katrina Australian Labour Market Research Workshop: 2004, Perth, W.A. Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 16 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/ncver/statistics/TD_TNC_81_19.pdf This paper was presented to the Australian Labour Market Research Workshop held at the Centre for Labour Market Research (CLMR), University of Western Australia, Perth from 6 to 7 December, 2004. There is considerable interest in the factors that influence the completion of an apprenticeship or traineeship. This paper examines a range of demographic and institutional factors which measure the impact and likelihood of completion, using the national apprentice and trainee database managed by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). These include the student's age, gender, residential region, Indigenous status, whether they reported a disability, prior education, qualification level, and occupation. The analysis is based on the student cohort who commenced their apprenticeship or traineeship in 1998-1999.

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TD/TNC 82.502 mLearning: opportunities for introducing cognitive apprenticeships into trade-based apprenticeship training / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 14th, 2005, Wodonga, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2005 8 p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf14/tr14Chan.rtf At the 2004 NCVER conference, the cognitive apprenticeship model was put forward as a way to improve the learning for apprentices undertaking the majority of their apprenticeship training in the workplace. mLearning technology, in particular the use of mobile phones, provides a possible way for cognitive apprenticeship models to be introduced into workplace based learning, evidence gathering, eportfolio compilation and formative and summative assessment activities. This paper summarises some of the reflection that has been taking place and documented in a blog established to explore mLearning as a delivery mechanism for competency based unit standards to apprentices in the NZ baking industry. Published abstract. The collected proceedings are indexed at TD/TNC 82.500; the collected PowerPoint presentations are indexed at TD/TNC 82.501; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 82.502 to TD/TNC 82.528. TD/TNC 78.525 Trends in 'traditional apprenticeships' / Louise Brooks. Brooks, Louise Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association Conference: 7th, 2004, Canberra [Nowra, N.S.W.?]: AVETRA, 2004 7 p. This document may be found on the AVETRA website at: http://www.avetra.org.au/Conference_Archives/2004/documents/PA045Brooks.PDF This paper analyses the trends in traditional apprenticeships since 1996. The definition of a 'traditional apprentice' used in this report is a person on a contract within the trades and related workers occupation group which is at Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) level III qualification or above, with more than two years expected duration for full-time and more than eight years expected duration for part-time or school-based contracts. Trends in 'traditional apprenticeship' contracts are compared to trends in other contracts. Characteristics of all apprentices and trainees in-training are also examined. The study found that growth in the apprenticeship and traineeship system in the past six years has been mostly outside 'traditional apprenticeships'. 'Traditional apprenticeship' numbers have grown slightly over the period with growth in most trade occupations. The analysis concludes that 'traditional apprenticeships' were mostly undertaken by younger males, at AQF level III and full-time, while other apprenticeships and traineeships were more likely to be undertaken by older females working part-time. There has been growth in the overall participation rate of apprentices and trainees as a proportion of employed persons, from 2% in 1996 to 4% in 2002. However the proportion in the trades and related workers occupations has been consistently around 11% over the period. There is also a high proportion of teenagers in trade employment who are studying 'traditional apprenticeships'. The proportion is also significant for full-time teenage employment. Published abstract. The collection of refereed papers is indexed at TD/TNC 78.501. Available refereed papers are indexed from TD/TNC 78.502 to TD/TNC 78.518. The collections of non-refereed papers are indexed at TD/TNC 78.519 and TD/TNC 78.520. Available non-refereed papers are indexed from TD/TNC 78.521 to TD/TNC 78.556. TD/TNC 78.630 Cognitive apprenticeships and their application to trades based apprenticeships / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 13th, 2004, Tweed Heads, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2004 8 p.

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http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf13/tr13Chan.rtf Cognitive apprenticeship (CA) is a termed coined in the late 1980s and was based on observations and study of craft based models of teaching and learning in skilled trades and crafts whereby skilled craftspeople helped their apprentices learn a trade. However, CA is now mainly used as a teaching process in school based teaching and learning. There has been little work done on investigating if CA processes are used extensively in trades based training of apprentices and of strategies that may be successful in introducing the concepts of CA into trades based training both in on the job and off the job training. This paper investigates the origins of CA and its potential role in improving trades based training in competency based training. Published abstract. The collected proceedings are indexed at TD/TNC 78.626; the collected PowerPoint presentations are indexed at TD/TNC 78.627; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 78.628 to TD/TNC 78.651. TD/TNC 73.662 Factors influencing completions in Australia's apprenticeship system / Axel Bender. Bender, Axel The sixth Australian VET Research Association conference: the changing face of VET / Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association. Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA) 10 p Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association Conference: 6th, 2003, Sydney [Nowra, N.S.W.?]: AVETRA, 2003 http://www.avetra.org.au/abstracts_and_papers_2003/Bender.pdf A mapping methodology has been applied to data of the national apprentice and trainee collection to identify and quantify key factors that affect apprentices' and trainees' likelihood of successfully completing their contract of training. By carefully taking account of the expected duration of training contracts, sets of apprenticeship and traineeship commencement records are mapped to sets of completion records. This allows estimation of the proportion of apprenticeships and traineeships likely to result in completions, and the identification of characteristics of individuals and contracts influencing completions in Australia's apprenticeship and traineeship system. The analysis suggests that the likelihood for completion declined from 1995 to 1997 and then increased again from 1998 to 2000 coinciding with the introduction of New Apprenticeships. It also indicates that contracts with a high completion likelihood are more likely to be full-time contracts, contracts of one to three years duration, contracts in trades occupations, Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) Certificate III contracts, and contracts with government employers. Indigenous people and people with a reported disability appear to have a markedly smaller likelihood of completion than people who respectively did not identify themselves as Indigenous or report a disability. Published abstract. The collection of refereed papers is indexed at TD/TNC 73.622; individual refereed papers are indexed from TD/TNC 73.623 to TD/TNC 73.650. The collection of non refereed papers is indexed at TD/TNC 73.651; non-refereed papers are indexed from TD/TNC 73.652 to TD/TNC 73.680. TD/TNC 74.504 Modern apprenticeships in the NZ baking industry: an interim progress report / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 12th, 2003, Perth, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2003 [7] p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf12/tr12Chan.rtf In a research project completed in 2001, factors that supported New Zealand bakery apprentices in completing their National Certificate at level four qualifications were investigated. One of the discussion points that arose from the above project, was the impact that Modern Apprenticeship Coordinators could have on apprentice completion. This paper provides information on the Modern Apprenticeship Scheme in New Zealand and discusses the impact this scheme has had on apprentice completion since its implementation in 2001 (as it applies to the NZ Baking Industry). Published abstract. The collected proceedings are indexed at TD/TNC 74.501; the collected PowerPoint presentations are indexed at TD/TNC 74.530; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 74.502 to TD/TNC 74.529.

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TD/TNC 70.681 Becoming a baker: the importance of employer support / Selena Chan. Chan, Selena National Vocational Education Research Conference: 11th, 2002, Brisbane, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 [8 p.] http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf11/tr11Chan.rtf In a research project completed in 2001, apprentices who were close to completing and apprentices attending block courses were studied to find out factors that were helpful in supporting them towards eventually completing their qualifications (National Certificate in Food Production - Craft/Plant Baking at level four). One of the findings that emerged was the importance of employer support. This paper presents the findings on this area and the contribution that employers make towards the formation and further continuity of a community of practice based around the concept of the new National Certificates assessment system. Published abstract. The volume of proceedings is indexed at TD/TNC 70.679; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 70.680 to TD/TNC 70.714. TD/TNC 70.685 Supply-side and demand-side explanations of declining apprentice training rates: an overview / Phillip Toner. Toner, Phillip National Vocational Education Research Conference: 11th, 2002, Brisbane, Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 12, [19] p. http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf11/tr11Toner.rtf The significant decline in the overall apprentice training ratio has raised concerns about the implications for the long-run supply of skilled trades for production and maintenance activity. This paper reviews the key arguments relating to the explanation of declining apprentice training rates in Australia and provides new data on long-run training rates by broad occupational groups which demonstrates variations in training rates across these groups. The author concludes that the explanation offered by the demand-side approach is preferred to that offered by advocates of the supply-side and that evidence suggests that the supply-side approach of the policies of the last decade will not provide an adequate solution to the decline in domestic investment in trade training. The volume of proceedings is indexed at TD/TNC 70.679; available papers are indexed from TD/TNC 70.680 to TD/TNC 70.714. TD/TNC 68.436 How effective are apprenticeships and traineeship pathways / Chris Robinson. Robinson, Chris Understanding youth pathways: research conference 2001: proceedings / ACER. Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) pp.43-47 ACER Research Conference: 2001, Melbourne Camberwell, Vic.: Australian Council for Educational Research, 2001 http://www.acer.edu.au/documents/RC2001_Proceedings.pdf This paper explores the developments in the Australian apprenticeship and traineeship systems in order to ascertain how effective the current system is in catering for, and meeting the needs of, young Australians. It focuses on 15-19 year olds and on young adults in the 20-24 age group. The paper covers: the changing opportunities for young people; the type of new apprenticeships undertaken by young people; the age factor in new apprenticeship completions; and the outcomes achieved by young people. The volume of conference proceedings is indexed at TD/ERD 87.162. Individual papers presented at the conference are indexed from TD/TNC 68.426 to TD/TNC 68.440.

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TD/TNC 62.627 Effectiveness of workplace training and assessment practices in on-the-job traineeships. Misko, Josie Patterson, Jan Markotic, Rosemary Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association Conference: 3rd, 2000, Canberra [Sydney?]: Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association, 2000 [13] p. This paper was presented at the third AVETRA conference. South Australian small business and office administration trainees, who started on-the-job traineeships during 1998, and all registered training organisations (RTOs) providing mentoring support services to these programs, were asked to respond to a questionnaire survey. Employers were selected randomly for in-person or telephone interviews. Practical skills, theory monitoring, determining competence and ensuring reliability and validity of assessments were topics covered in the discussion of the effectiveness or otherwise of this training. More than two thirds of trainees, employers and RTO mentors believed that on-the-job traineeships build appropriate work skills. Over two thirds would recommend this traineeship program to others. This study has shown that individual success rates may be variable. Providing opportunities for other employers and RTOs to learn from the training and assessment strategies used by those employers and RTOs who have substantial success in the delivery of on-the-job, is therefore recommended. Volumes of collected papers are indexed from TD/TNC 64.481 to TD/TNC 64.483. Individual papers are indexed from TD/TNC 62.625 to TD/TNC 62.632 and from TD/TNC 64.484 to TD/TNC 64.541. TD/TNC 62.975 New apprentice training in small and medium size enterprises / Brett Freeland, Katrina Ball. Freeland, Brett Ball, Katrina 9th Annual vocational education and training research conference, North Coast Institute of TAFE, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 4-7 July 2000: conference proceedings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) 21 p Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 9th, 2000, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf9/tr9freeland.rtf This paper reports on research designed to provide an insight into the key determinants of apprentice and trainee employment in Australian enterprises. Considerable research has been conducted which examines the influences on training provision but little research has investigated specific influences on employment-based training. The New Apprenticeship system incorporates both apprenticeships and traineeships and was developed to meet the needs of small, trade-based enterprises and to enhance skill formation and the employment prospects of young people. As small and medium size enterprises are playing an increasingly important role in employment, this study was undertaken to examine how these enterprises utilise the apprenticeship and traineeship system. The study involved an analysis of the Business Longitudinal Survey (BLS) which provides information on the growth and performance of Australia's employing businesses and identifies their economic and structural characteristics. Probit regression analysis was conducted to model the factors influencing the likelihood of businesses deciding to train trade apprentices and trainees. Both training and non-training characteristics were found to influence the capacity of enterprises to provide employment-based training. These characteristics are discussed and the study concludes that no single characteristic determines whether small and medium size enterprises provide trade apprentice and trainee training. Most importantly, the study revealed the significance of a training culture to an employer's capacity to provide employment-based training and identified three principal elements of a training culture in small and medium size enterprises. Collected papers are indexed at TD/TNC 62.972. TD/TNC 62.981 An economic evaluation of training schools and traditional methods of apprenticeship training. 9th Annual vocational education and training research conference, North Coast Institute of TAFE, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 4-7 July 2000: conference proceedings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) 17 p Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 9th, 2000, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales Adelaide: NCVER, 2000

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http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf9/tr9murphy.rtf This study examines the effect that the method of training apprentices has on their net cost to employers. Two methods of apprentice training, training schools and the traditional method, were studied with the use of a direct observation methodology. Results show that training school apprentices are able to operate at higher skill levels during the latter stage of their apprenticeship at a lower cost to employers. The time that an apprentice spends inactive is also a major cause of the net cost for both types of apprentices. However, apprentices could be made more cost-effective if employers and tradespersons recognised and better utilised the actual skills of their workers. The conclusion of the study is that the training school makes it more attractive for employers to use those apprentices at higher skill levels during their apprenticeship. Thus the use of apprentice training schools will result in better trained workers, which is good for Australia's international competitiveness. Published abstract. Collected papers are indexed at TD/TNC 62.972. TD/TNC 62.988 The good, the bad and the ugly: perspectives from three States on the quality of Australia's apprenticeship and traineeship system / Kaye Schofield. Schofield, Kaye 9th Annual vocational education and training research conference, North Coast Institute of TAFE, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 4-7 July 2000: conference proceedings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) 17 p Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 9th, 2000, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales Adelaide: NCVER, 2000 http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/confs/ncver/vetconf9/tr9schof.rtf This paper provides a brief overview of two independent reviews into the quality of training in the traineeships systems of Queensland and Tasmania and a third review of the quality of training in both the apprenticeship and traineeship systems in Victoria. Each of these reviews was commissioned by the respective State training authorities in Australia and they were conducted over the period June 1999 to May 2000. Collected papers are indexed at TD/TNC 62.972. TD/TNC 58.120 Apprenticeships and traineeships: Queensland trends: impact of user choice on the Queensland training market: a progress evaluation / Smith, Larry. Smith, Larry R. National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 7th, 1998, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales Unpublished 24 p. In this paper the author presents an overview of two reports. The first report, published in November 1998 and entitled 'Apprenticeships and traineeships: Queensland trends', provides an overview of apprenticeship and traineeship training trends in Queensland for the period of 1989-1998. It is essentially a descriptive report in that the trends identified will require further research. Possible explanatory factors have been suggested where appropriate. The full report is indexed at TD/QLD 56.01. The second report, published in March/April 1999 and entitled 'The impact of user choice on the Queensland training market: a progress evaluation', has three main purposes: to describe the market share trends of apprentices and trainees among private providers, TAFE Queensland, and group training companies since the introduction of user choice; to provide the perceptions of the users of the user choice system about its strengths, weaknesses, and overall effect on the training market to date; and to recommend ways in which the implementation of user choice in Queensland may be improved. The full report is indexed at TD/QLD 57.06. The collection of conference papers is indexed at TD/TNC 58.119 and individual papers may be found at TD/TNC 58.31 and from TD/TNC 58.120 to TD/TNC 58.139. TD/TNC 58.128 Occupational shifts and new apprenticeship training - work in progress / Brett Freeland.

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Freeland, Brett National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 8th, 1999, Toowoomba, Australia Unpublished 13 p. This paper, presented as a work in progress report, discusses changes to the industrial and occupational composition of the Australian work force, and the effects these changes are likely to have on vocational education and training (VET) especially as it relates to the training of apprentices. Methodology and data sources are presented and discussed. The collection of conference papers is indexed at TD/TNC 58.119 and individual papers may be found at TD/TNC 58.31 and from TD/TNC 58.120 to TD/TNC 58.139. TD/TNC 58.129 Qualitative study of small employer participation in traineeships: interim research findings / Bruce Rowlands. Rowlands, Bruce National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 8th, 1999, Toowoomba, Australia Unpublished 36 p. This paper reports on interim results of a qualitative study into employers' attitudes towards traineeships and their reasons for or against participation. These reasons are found to fall into four major categories: organisational factors, attitudinal factors, training provider influences and perceived characteristics of traineeships. The questions from the case study interviews are contained in an appendix. The collection of conference papers is indexed at TD/TNC 58.119 and individual papers may be found at TD/TNC 58.31 and from TD/TNC 58.120 to TD/TNC 58.139. TD/TNC 60.151 Value of on-the-job traineeships. Misko, Josie Patterson, Jan Markotic, Rosemary International Conference on Post-compulsory Education and Training: 7th, 1999, Gold Coast, Australia Unpublished 18 p. This unpublished paper reports on part of a larger national study which set out to investigate the experience of trainees, employers and Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) in on-the-job office administration and small business traineeships. The methodology and context are described and the findings are shown from a trainee perspective, an employer perspective and an RTO perspective. Perceived advantages and disadvantages from all participants are analysed and possible employment outcomes explored. The authors conclude that, in South Australia, the majority of trainees were positive about their experiences and that the two programs provided relevant and appropriate skills training and experience. However they isolate some areas for improvement, particularly relating to adequate preparation prior to the commencement of the program, improved induction programs and informing trainees of their obligations in the training process. TD/TNC 54.78 Understanding small business participation in traineeships: a framework for traineeship adoption. Rowlands, Bruce National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 7th, 1998, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales Unpublished 29 p. This paper presents work-in-progress results from phase 1 of a 2-phase study intended to gain an understanding of small business owner/manager decision making regarding their participation with traineeships. The thesis of the paper is that adoption of traineeships is best understood as a specific case of organisational innovation and that traineeships can be conceptualised as an innovation in training process technology. The framework and preliminary findings suggest that in order to account for the adoption outcomes associated with traineeships in small business, researchers should consider the social context, the intentions and attitudes of owner/managers, relationships formed between small business and vocational education and training (VET) providers, and the adoption process followed by the organisation, and the paper has important implications for future research.

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TD/TNC 54.79 Young people starting work in apprenticeships, traineeships and non-contracted training. Smith, Erica National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 7th, 1998, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales Unpublished 9 p. This paper reports on the first phase of findings from a study about young people in their first year of full-time work. Some of the literature on the transition from school to work, and apprenticeships and traineeships, is briefly discussed, and it is suggested that most literature concentrates on policy rather than on the experiences of young people themselves. The study involved eleven young people starting work and significant adults such as their parents and employers. Issues discussed include reasons why the young people chose to work rather than undertake further study; reasons for their choice of career; and the importance of training in their job choice and future career plans. TD/TNC 54.81 Perspectives on traineeships: the commodification of employment. Brennan, Roslin National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference: 7th, 1998, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales Unpublished 7 p. This paper looks at traineeships from a number of perspectives. The data was collected in Wagga Wagga, a town that supports approximately 800 small and medium range businesses. The author offers perspectives on traineeships from the manager of a private community based, non-government, not-for-profit company, the Office Manager of an Employment Services provider, and the owner/manager of a large provincial newspaper. TD/TNC 56.87 Students and trainees in VET. Kotz, Dorothy Market for vocational education and training: who pays and who profits, Adelaide Australia, 28-30 July 1997 / edited by Chris Robinson and Richard Kenyon. p 299-306 Market for Vocational Education and Training: Who Pays and Who Profits?: 28-30 July 1997, Adelaide, South Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 This keynote address focuses on reforms to the Australian training system from the student's perspective, looking at the impact of job opportunities, declining year 12 retention rates and poor school-leaver participation in vocational education and training (VET). It is noted that enrolment rates in VET have soared in areas of perceived job vacancies, suggesting the students respond to labour market trends. VET has been introduced into schools to provide accredited training with full articulation to post-school training and school leavers will have greater choice of training options through New Apprenticeships. A link between training programs and employment outcomes is needed. The complete proceedings of this conference in one volume may be found at TD/TNC 53.04. TD/TNC 56.97 Returns from training for apprentices. Collins, Gary Market for vocational education and training: who pays and who profits, Adelaide Australia, 28-30 July 1997 / edited by Chris Robinson and Richard Kenyon. p 396-405 Market for Vocational Education and Training: Who Pays and Who Profits?: 28-30 July 1997, Adelaide, South Australia Adelaide: NCVER, 1998 In this paper the establishment of a workplace-based apprenticeship training program in the metals and engineering area is outlined. A company with many apprentices used an alternative approach, a work-based training model,

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considering that this model was more suitable for training apprentices than the traditional integrated on- and off-the-job approach to apprentice training in Australia. The company workshops were registered as a provider site and the company expects a measurable return on its investment, in that the apprentices' productive output and the quality of their work will surpass that from the traditional model. The role in the program of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) of Western Australia is explained. The complete proceedings of this conference in one volume may be found at TD/TNC 53.04. TD/TNC 30.31 Perspectives on labour market programs and the Australian traineeship scheme. Bush, Tony Training research conducted in higher education: [papers]. pp.101-109 Training Research Conducted in Higher Education Conference/Workshop: 16-17 July, 1992, Darlinghurst, NSW Leabrook, SA: NCVER, 1992 Labour market programme policies have been the subject of considerable debate within Australia, particularly over the previous two decades. The advent and introduction of the Australian Traineeship Scheme (ATS) represented enormous change within this area of educational policy and has been and still is highly contested and discussed particularly within the spheres of both vocational education and technical and further education. The author asserts that while much criticism has been levelled at their impact and results, ATS, representing as it does a new method of training and an additional labour market entry point assisting the school-industry transition process, is worth pursuing. This is a further example of training research conducted by academic staff; the author is from Charles Sturt University. NCVER related journal articles TD/TNC 71.604 Small employer decision-making with Australia's new apprenticeship system: process-oriented research / Bruce Rowlands and Clive Chappell. Rowlands, Bruce Chappell, Clive Australian and New Zealand journal of vocational education research, 10, 2, 2002, pp.69-94 Adelaide: NCVER, 2002 This paper presents the findings of process oriented research into the experience of 18 small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) when deciding to participate with new apprenticeships for the first time. The focus of this work is to explain how and why contextual conditions and processual elements interacted to influence owner-managers to adopt or reject new apprenticeships. The paper also describes in detail methodological issues encountered when analysing interview data and how these issues were resolved by application of grounded-theory techniques allied with other qualitative techniques. The findings provide insights for policy and practice, detailing the organisational decision-making associated with new apprenticeships under certain circumstances and how these might be assessed and managed. The issue is indexed at TD/TNC 71.10 and individual articles are indexed from TD/TNC 71.601 to TD/TNC 71.606. TD/TNC 29.13 Perspectives on labour market programs and the Australian traineeship system. Bush, Tony Australian journal of TAFE research and development, 7, 2, May 1992, p.26-34 Labour market program policies have been the subject of considerable debate within Australia, particularly over the previous two decades. The advent and introduction of the Australian Traineeship Scheme (ATS) represented enormous change within this area of educational policy and has been and still is highly contested and discussed particularly within the spheres of both vocational education and technical and further education. The author believes that the ATS is important because it represents a new method of training and an additional labour market entry point assisting the school-industry transition process.

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TD/TNC 24.19 National core curriculum apprenticeship courses and student reading ability. Hope, Catherine Australian journal of TAFE research and development, 6, 1, November 1990, pp.21-30 This paper examines the impact on apprentices with poor reading skills of new teaching and learning methods associated with the introduction of some national core curriculum apprenticeship courses. It stresses the importance of technical reading skills and outlines the consequences of non-acquisition of such skills for the individual as well as the national workforce.