TV REMOTE: A remote control is a component of anelectronics device, mostcommonly atelevision set, used for o perating the devicewirelessly from

a shortline-of-sightdistance.The remote contr ol can be contracted to remote or controller. Itis known by many other names as well, such as converter clicker,didge, flipper, the tuner, the changer, or the b utton. Commonly,remote controls areConsumer IRdevices used to issue commandsfrom a distance totelevisionsor otherconsumer electronicssuch asstereosystems,DVDpla yers anddimmers. Remote controls for thesedevices are usually small wireless han dheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various settings such astel evision channel, tracknumber, andvolume. In fact, for the majority of modern dev ices withthis kind of control, the remote contains all the function controls whi lethe controlled device itself only has a handful of essential primarycontrols. Most of these remotes communicate to their respectivedevices viainfrared(IR) sig nals and a few viaradio signals. TelevisionIR signals can be mimicked by a unive rsal remote, which is able to emulate the functionality of most major brand television remotecontrols. They ar e usually powered by smallAAAorAAsizebatteries. Usage Industry Remote control is used for controlling substations, pump storagepower stations a ndHVDC-plants. For these systems often PLC-systemsworking in the long wave range are used. Military Only in the military field of use of remote controls can you findthe jammers and the countermeasures against the jammers.Jammers are used to disable or sabotage the enemy's use of remotecontrols.IED jamming systems,Radio jamming,Electronic warfareThe distances for military remote controls also tend to be much longer,up to intercontinental distance satellite linked remote controls used bythe U.S. f or their unmanned airplanes (drones) in Afghanistan, Iraqand Pakistan.Remote con trols are used by insurgents in Iraq and Afghanistanto attack coalition and gove rnment troops with roadside IEDs(Improvised explosive device,explosively formed penetrator).The arms race and the fact that the enemy is many times closer to th ereceiver has made it more complicated and too expensive to buildradio remote co ntrols for roadside bombs that are immune to jammers. The simplest types of radi o remote controls have beenalmost entirely disabled by the advanced jammers, but are still in useagainst unprotected Iraqi and Afghan national troops and civili antargets. One of the simplest solutions against the radio jammers is tofool the jammer itself to ignite the bomb. Optical types of remote controls that uses light instead of radioare still immun e to the jammers. The resistance in Iraq is reported inthe media to use modified TV remote controls to detonate the bombs. Military history InWorld War I, theImperial German NavyemployedFL-boats (Fernlenkboote) against c oastal shipping. These were driven byinternal combustionengines, and controlled remotely from a shorestation through several miles of wire wound on a spool on t he boat. Anaircraft was used to signal directions to the shore station. EMBs car rieda high explosive charge in the bow and traveled at speeds of thirtyknots.The SovietRed Armyused remotely controlledteletanksduring1930s in theWinter Waragai nstFinlandand the early stages of World War II. A teletank is controlled by radi o from a control tank at adistance of 500 1,500 meters, the two constituting a telem echanicalgroup. The Red Army fielded at least two teletank battalions at thebegi nning of theGreat Patriotic War. There were also remotelycontrolled cutters and experimental remotely controlled planes in theRed Army. Space

Remote control technology is also used in space travel, forinstance the RussianL unokhodvehicles were remote-controlled fromthe ground. Direct remote control of space vehicles at greaterdistances from the earth is not practical due to increa sing signal delaytimes.