PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN DIFFERENT GRINDI'NG ___ .,..

- -:
SYSTEMS
by Professor P G Kihlstedt, Division of Mineral
Processing, The Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm, Sweden.
Synopsis
Particle size distributions for different ores and
grinding systems have been studied with me_as.urements
down to ca 2 When mineral aggregates are ground,
two maxima are normally observed in the mass frequency
curve for the ground product, a coarse grinding maxi-
mum which becomes higher the finer the grinding and
an abrasion maximum.
Three grinding systems have been included in the in-
vestigation, a rod mill- ball mill, a ' ball mill. and
an mill in a closed Parallel with
the full-scale sampling, grinding has been carried out
in a laboratory rod mill - ball mil-l to permit a compa-
rison between the different grinding systems. The
quantities studied have been the energy consumption,
k
80
and the specific s urface . k
80
is t he t heor etical
mesh through which 80% by weight of the material ccan
pass.
Another study has comprised two different
systems with autogenous - pebble mills and has been
designed to show how an open grinding system-with an
autogenous mill influences the mass frequency curves
for the material and for the mineral content of the
ground product.
2
Partikelgro:isenverteilung bei verschiedenen Vermahlungs-
systemen
Man hat Untersuchungen der Partikelgrossenverteilung
bei verschiedenen Erzen und Vermahlungssystemen durch-
geftihrt mit Messungen bis hinab zu ca 2 pro. Bei Zer-
kleinerung von Mineralaggregaten erhalt man gewohnlich
zwei Maxima auf der Massenfrequenzkurve des gemahlenen
Produktes. Einesteils ein groberes mahltechnisches
Maximum, das hoher ist, je feiner die Vermahlung ge-
trieben wird, und anderenteils ein Abntitzungsmaximum.
In einer Untersuchungsserie haben wir drei Vermahlungs-
systeme, St abmtihl e-Kugelmtihle, Kugelmlihle und einfache
Autogenmtihle in geschlossenen Kreisen studiert. Parallel
mit Probeentnahme in vollgrosser Skala haben wir in
dem System S.tabmtihle-Kugelmtihle Vermahlung in Labora-
torieskala durchgeftihrt und damit einen Vergleich
zwischen den verschiedenen Vermahlungssystemen er-
moglicht. Die undersuchten Grossen sind Energiever-
brauch, k
80
, sowie die spezifische Oberflache. k
80
ist
die gedachte Maschenweite, durch die 80 Gewichts-% des
Gutes passieren.
Eine andere Untersuchung umfasst zwei verschiedene
Vermahlungssysteme mit Autogenmlihle-Steinmtihle und soll
beleuchten, wie ein offenes Vermahlungssystem mit
Autogenmtihle die Massenfrequenzkurven des gemahlenen
Produktes in Bezug auf Gut resp. Mineralgehalt beein-
flusst.
Repartition de 1a t aille des particules pour les
differents types de broyages
Des observations sur la repartition de la taille des
particules ont ete effectuees pour des minerais
differents et pour d ~ s procedes de broyage differents,
avec des mesures jusqu'a 2 Lors du broyage d'un
agrgat mineral on obtient norrnalement deux maxima
sur la courbe de frequence des masses du produit
broye. D'une part un maximum du a la technique de
broyage utilisee qui devient de plus en plus haut,
plus le broyage est fin, d'autre part un maximum du
a !'abrasion.
Dans une serie d'observations on a tudi trois sys-
de broyage: concasseur a barre et a boulets,
broyeur a boulets et broyeur simple autogene. Pa-
au d'chantillons a !'chelle
industrielle, on a effectu, en laboratoire, un
broyage dans un concasseur a barre et boulets et rendu
possible une comparison des diffrents procds. Les
etudis sont: la consornrnation d'energie,
k
80
ainsi que la surface specifique. k
80
est la
largeur suppose des mailles d'un grilla9e a travers
lesquelles 80% du poids total du materiau passent.
Une autre observation est basee sur deux procdes
differents avec broyeur a pierres et
destinee a montrer comment un de broyage ouvert
avec broyeur influe sur la courbe de freque nce
des masses du produit broye pour le produit et pour
la teneur des minerales.
Introduction
In a series of earlier lectures and articles /l-5/ I have
described studies of the particle size distributions,
specific surfaces and effects on subsequent mineral
dressing processes resulting from different methods
of grinding mineral raw materials. These studies have
shown how Rittinger's and Bond's laws have been found
to agree in the measurement of particle size distribu-
tion and specific surfaces. It has also been found
3
4
that this is due to the mechanical strength properties
of the crystalline structure of minerals. The normal
three-dimensional minerals, when ground, eventually
acquire a lattice structure in the 0.1-1.0 particle
size range which is so strong that no further crushing
can be produced by the disintegrative forces available
in an ordinary mill. This particle size represents, so
to speak, a barrier against which the particle size
distribution is squeezed up by further grinding.
ACk
61og k
/'
I I
I I
:
\
\
:
'
.....
-
TOlAL SCliO
/ \

"'
1\
-
1--
/
\
90
80
70
60
50
.:.o
30
/

J/
-
--
GALEN.A
2'J
10
0
1)0
120
110
100
90
81)
70
60
50
4'J
)0
20
1'J
0
1/
..........
,\
'I
I
..... _
2 ) 4 5 6 s 10 20 30 40 6C 80100
,-,
I

: I
\
! I
TOTAL SOL 10
: I
\
:f
If
\
1
-\
/
'

.\
//
'"'\l
\
fj


.)1
\I\
\
\
\ \
\
\
,_
200 400 6001ro k um
2 ) 4 5 6 8 10 200 3001.00 600 BOO k
Fig. 1. Mass frequency curves for particle size
20 30 40 5060 8010C
distributions of total solid and galena after rod mill
grinding and after teritiary grinding with small balls.
Finely disseminated complex massive pyrite ore with
galena.
The procedure is illustrated in Fig. 1. /3/ Here we
see two stages in the grinding of a solid pyrite ore
from Canada which contains galena and other minerals.
The mass frequency diagrams show the particle distri-
bution of the total material and of the galena at diffe-
rent sizes after rod mill grinding (at the top) and
after the third grinding step and final classification
(at the bottom). Three peaks can be seen in the case
of this ore. The first and coarsest is a peak related
to the grinding process. The second, which in final
grinding coincides with the grinding peak, marks the
liberation _df galena crystals from their settings in
the ore matrix. The third peak, at about 3 pro, is an
abrasion peak that occurs with ores and some methods
of grinding. It is evident that progressively finer
grinding concentrates the particle size distribution
into an ever-narrower range.
In this lecture I propose to show the corresponding
particle size distributions for a number of ores of
different types ground by different methods.
Some particle size distributions
By way of additional background to our view of diffe-
rent particle size distributions and their implications,
I will show you in Fig. 2 /5/ the mass frequency curves
for the feed to three large European flotation plants
for complex sulphide ore. The grinding layout in these
three plants is of standard type, with a rod mill and
one or two ball mills in series plus hydrocyclone
classification. The finenesses differ, as can be seen
5
6
~ Ck
~ logk
150
~
I
7
I
I
I
\
c k
80
39 ~ m
\
\
'
v-
1\. B k
80
1.1 ~ m
/ ~
\
k.
140
130
120
110
100
90
eo
70
&)
I
~ v
\ 1\.

~
\A k
60
135 um
50
40
30
20
10
~
~
~
/ v f-....
//
v ./
v
v
J
/
i""'oo.,
r--... It
7_.
........
r--
t>C
r-
l,.;'
~
~
v
\
\
~
~ ~ \
\
\
\
i\
\
\
\
' 1\
1\ 1\
\
0
1
s 10 50 100 200 ~ m ( k )
Fig. 2. Mass frequency curves. Feed to flotation at
three European flotation mills. Estimated quantity of
particles per m
3
.
A:5 X 10
15
, B:20 X 10
15
, C:50 X 10
15
from the values of k
80
quoted for each end product.
k
80
is defined as the imaginary screen aperture through
which 80% by weight of the material will pass.
As we see, each curve has two peaks: a grinding peak
that grows higher the farther the grinding is carried,
and an abrasion peak. The particle size distribution
is determined down to about 2 ~ and tends to stop at
about 1 pro. Determination of the exact distribution
in this range calls for special methods and apparatus
which were not available in the present case.
An interesting point is that these particle size de-
terminations can be used to compute ' the number of
particles produced by each method of grinding. The
result works out at something of the order of five
to fifty times ten-to-the-fifteenth particles per
cubic metre of solid material.
The central mineral processing research organisation
in Sweden has been engaged since 1969 on a programme
of sampling and measurement in full-scale operational
plants to investigate how different grinding systems
CONE CRUSHER
fU)
t.41LL
SYSTEM I

ILL
SYSTEM ][
RAKE CLASSIFIER
SYSTEM m
FIG 3
GRQJNO
PROD.
GROUND
PROO.JCT
Fig. 3. Three simplified principle grinding systems
compared by individual laboratory tests.
7
8
work with reference to the properties of the ground
product as well as operating costs and energy consump-
tion. Let us look at some results from three principle
systems.
System I is a standard layout comprising fine crushing,
rod mill and ball mill in a closed circuit with a
hydrocyclone. The ore is a gangue-dominated complex
sulphide ore.
System II is an older layout, with closed fine crushing
circuit followed by ball mill in a closed circuit with
a scraper classifier. The ore is sulphide-bearing,
gangue-dominated skarn iron ore.
System III is an autogenous grinding system with run-
of-the-mine material fed straight to the mill, which
works in a closed circuit with a hydrocyclone. The
ore is a gangue-dominated magnetite ore of skarn type.
To obtain a comparison between the systems, ore samples
were taken as well as samples of products from the
circuits. The former were subjected to standardised
grinding on a laboratory scale in Bond rod and ball
mills. The net energy input was determined, and the
products were analysed for particle size distribution
and specific surface.
System I showed much the same results on both full
and laboratory scale as regards energy input, particle
size distribution (Fig. 4) and specific surface. The
energy input to k
80
= 108 ~ m was about 8.8 kilowatt-
hours per ton in the laboratory and 9.9 kWh/ton in
full-scale operation.
Fig. 4. Mass frequency curves of ground products.
Grinding system I.
Specific surface at k
80
=108 ~ wa s 10 000 square
centimetres per cubic centimetre in the lab and
9 500 cm
2
/cm
3
i n the f ul l -scale plant.
Figure 4 shows how the pyrite content of the ore
distorts the particle size distribution to some extent
in full-scale operation due to the effect of the closed
circuit through the hydrocyclone; in the laboratory
the material was ground in an open circuit.
System II showed less favourable figures for energy
input and specific surface in full-scale operation.
Energy input to k
80
= 75 ~ m was 8.8 kWh/ton in the lab
9
10
and 17.0 kWh/ton in the full-scale plant.
Specific surface at k
80
=75 ~ w a s 7 000 cm
2
;cm
3
in the
lab and 8 700 cm
2
/cm
3
in actual operation.
A Ck
A log k
tSO
100
so
0
1
~
v
,
II
5 10
""'"'
L A ~
v
TOTAL
v
'Jr-..
lli
~
~
PLANT
TOTAL
\
50 100 500 1000 &Jm
Fig. 5. Mass frequency curves of ground products.
Grinding system II.
Figure 5 shows the particle size distributions for
both laboratory-scale and full-scale grinding. The
full-scale curve is somewhat flatter.
System III showed a higher energy input and specific
surface for grinding to the same value of k
80
as well
as a much flatter particle size distribution curve.
Energy input to k
80
=120 ~ w a s 10.1 kWh/ton in the lab
and 17.5 kWh/ton in the full-scale plant.
Specific surface at

pro was 7 90.0 cm

2
/cm
3
in
the lab and 12 200 em /cm
3
in the full-scale plant.
fl Ck
fllog k
150
'
5
!/
I
10
/"'
1'\
v !"o"

50
YoiAL
"
OTAL
\
\
100 500 1000
Fig. 6. Mass frequency curves of ground products.
Grinding system III.
Figure 6 shows the particle size distribution curves
for both laboratory-s cale and full - scale grinding .
At first sight one might assume that this type of
grinding gives unfavourable results. However, the
magnetite concentrate produced here goes to pelletisa-
tion, a process which works better with a high specific
surface and a flat particle size distribution. In
actual fact it is much more economically advantageous
to generate the surface by this type of closed-circuit
autogenous than by grinding systems of more
traditional type.
11
12
The investigations of these three grinding systems
show that for normal grinding purposes, where the
object is to obtain a good particle collection with the
lowest possible specific surface and the lowest possible
energy input, the value of k
80
required for the mill
product can be reached most economically if the process
is divided into several stages, that is to say fine
crushing, road mill grinding and ball mill grinding in
one or more stages in a closed circuit.
Multistage Autogenous Grinding
Experienc e from many parts of t he world i ndicates that
for purposes of flotation, singel-stage autogenous
grinding in a closed circuit is not the bes t choice
from the point of view of grinding costs and flotation
results. Aut9genous grinding is an abrasion process
capable of giving optimum results in grinding to a
particle size distribution which the natural
disintegration structure of the ore. But if, as is
normally the case, the grinding has to be much finer
than that in order to liberate the minerals, this can
be accomplished much more economically by normal fine
grinding of the autogenous mill product in a ball or
pebble mill in a closed circuit with a classifier or,
hydrocyclone.
Let us study two examples of such grinding. One refers
to a low-grade lead ore in quartzitic sandstone, and
the other to a low-grade copper ore in the form of mica
schist impregnations with some pyrite. Figure 7 shows
the flowsheets in simplified form. The energy input per
ton of ore is probably somewhat higher than for multi-
stage grinding after fine crushing. The lead ore is
ground to k
80
= 125 pro and the copper or to k
80
= 185
Figures 8 and 9 show the resulting particle size distri-
butions.
If these distributions are compared with those in
Fig. 2, we find that the products from primary auto-
genous grinding followed by pebble mill grinding show
a more concentrated range of sizes with less abrasion
slime than the products from rod and ball mills. This,
however, is probably also influenced by the age of the
geological formations from which the respective ores
come. There is, however, no abrasion peak in the curves
for the mill products of the Swedish ores in Figures
8 and 9.
It is of some interest to note the slime content of the
lead ore. The quartzitic gangue here contains a few per
cent of clay, part of which is slurried in the fractions
smaller than 1 urn. This is because clay minerals have a
two-dimensional lattice structure of low mechanical
strength. But the galena too seems to produce some fine
slime, despite an otherwise well-grouped. particle size
range peaking at about 30 urn.
The surprisingly well-grouped mill product from the
fairly soft-grained copper ore contains very little
slime. The hard pyrite gives no slime at all , whereas
the chalcopyrite is rather softer. We can also see how
cocrystallisation between pyrite and chalcopyrite has
influenced the particle size distribution of the
chalcopyrite too. The bulk concentrate of pyrite and
chalcopyrite is liberated in a regrinding stage just
ahead of the selective final flotation.
The distributions in Figs. 8 and 9, then, show that
primary autogenous grinding of suitable ores can produce
favourable particle size groupings, provided that final
grinding to liberation is done in a normal ball or
pebble mill.
13
14
Autogtneous
mill
Ore ebbles
Ptbblt
mills
MI LL SYSTEM FOR LEAN LEAD ORE GRINDING
Feed ort Autogt>n.
------------r---et mill
Ore pebbles
Hydro-
cyclone
Ground
product
Hydro-
cyclont
Ground
product
MILL SYSTEM FOR LEAN COPPER ORE GRINDING
Fig. 7. Open autogeneous grinding systems with
pebble milling circuits.
t. Ck
t.log k
150
100
50
0
1
-
-
~
[ , I ~
~
~
~ ~
~
5
GALE NV
1\
v
1 I j
v
~ : v
~
~
10
V'
TOTAL
v , . . ~
SOLID
~

I
\
~
~
~
"
50 100 500 1000 um
Fig . 8. Mass frequency curves of ground products
from lean lead ore grinding.
15
16
A Ck
A log k
150
100
50
0
1
~
::::
F;;;.
. 5
10
~ H A L CO-
~ ~ v ~
~ J J
; v ~
~
~ ~ A L
SQID
50
"'
II
~ ~
~
l!
\
~
~
riTE
' ~
100 500 1000 um
Fig. 9. Mass frequency curves of ground products
from lean copper ore grinding.
Milling in practice
We shall now see what this means in practice:
In rod milling, the material is well classified in-
side the mill. In the Loesche mill with built-in wind
screen and the Aerofall mill, a composite unit with
autogeneous mill and wind screens, excellent results
are obtained in the right grinding ranges because
the material is so quickly classified after each
crushing. Figure 10 shows how well the parcticle sizes
are grouped, measured as the value of S \lk
80
, when
Malmberg ore is milled in an Aerofall mill. The com-
parative figures for equivalent dry and wet rod
milling confirm the differences previously pointed
out between these systems. In terms of energy, dry
milling in Aerofall and Loesche mills is not necessa-
rily better than other milling methods, owing to the
energy consumed by the blower equipment. The crushing
operation itself, however, beats all records for low
energy consumption.
Excellent results are of course obtained if we proceed
f ar ther on the multistage breakdown principle illustra-
ted in Fig. 11 but introduce classification steps
wherever appr opr iate . Figure 1 2 s hows s uc h a well-
designed system. It gives an optimum mill product for
selective flotation, with low energy consumption and
a very well grouped particle size distribution.
Figure 13 represents a milling system of the type
that was common during the thirties, with crushing
in a closed circuit and one-stage milling with coarse
balls in a closed circuit. Where this technique is
adopted, great importance must be attached to the
working of the classification equipment, because of
the small number of stages and the inherently poor
17
18
classifying capability of the grinding equipment.
This system, which was called 'one easy step' , in-
volved a much higher energy consumption and greater
milling costs on account of the poor particle size
grouping and increased slime generation.
In the extreme autogeneous milling process in Fig. 14, .
simplification has been carried to the limit with the
entire breakdown taking place in one step - apart
from coarse crushing - in a closed circuit with a
hydrocyclone. This results in a higher energy consump-
tion , as autogeneous mil l ing scrubs the r e ject material
instead of milling it, producing more slime and a
flatter particle size distribution curve . In this
case the material is an iron ore destined for pelle-
tisation, and extra milling is applied to obtain a
large specific exterior surface in the magnetite
concentrate, so the milling is very favourable.
If, however, it is desired to obtain a more optimum
milling from the point of view of energy input and
particle size grouping, the autogeneous milling cir-
cuit should be made open and should be followed by
one or two ball or pebble mills as shown in Fig. 15.
One might say that this follows the system in Fig. 12
but replaces the crusher and rod mill with an auto-
geneous mill.
An estimate of results and costs according to different
systems gives the figures shown in the table.
Here we must bear in mind that total optimation must
also include the results of subsequent processes, i e
the yields and grades obtained in concentrates and
the balling and sintering steps in pelletisation.
Circuit stability, liberation, compaction of the
concentrate and so on must be considered here.
It is evident, however, that systems b and e are
suitable for concentration by flotation, while system
d is eminently suitable for pelletisation.
System kWh/m
3
Skr/m
3
kWh/m
3
Skr/m
3
for for for for
milling same milling same
to k
80
= to spec.
80 Jim surf.
1520003
em /em
a. Crusher, rod mill,
ball mil.l, cylpebs
mill without
classification 60 14.00 85 20.00
b. Crusher, rod mill,
ball mill, eylpebs
mill with
classification 50 13.50
85 .
23.00
c. Crusher, ball mill
with closed circuit
classification 80 16.00 100 20.00
d. Autogeneous mill
wi th closed circuit
classification 70 11.00 70 11.00
e. Autogeneous mi l l ~ n
open circuit, ball
mill, cylpebs mill
with classification 55 12.00 80 17.00
The operating costs of crushing and milling depend
almost entirely on the size of the equipment used, and
only to a very small degree on the amount of material
passing through the plant. Figure 16 shows a plant
where milling has been divided into a large number of
parallel sections. Despite the large processing capacity
of the plant, the operational cost per ton of material
19
20
is no lower than if it had consisted of a single sec-
tion of the same size. On the contrary, inaccessibility
for purposes of repair and maintenance means added
expense. Lower costs can be obtained if the mill size
is increased, and this is a line of development that
has grown more and more pronounced in recent years.
Figure 17 shows how great savings in the required
building volume can be made in principle if a few
large mills are chosen in preference to a larger num-
ber of small ones. In the case illustrated here, the
necessary floor area was reduced by 65%.
The t rend t owards l a r ge mill s has been s pec i a lly
linked to the development of autogeneous milling. In
Fig. 18 a s tandard mill size of 1 000 horsepower has
been assumed, with a basic cost put at 100%. The basic
cost here presumably refers to investment and installa-
tion costs per unit weight of material. The figure
shows how the basic cost can be significantly reduced
by the choice of larger mills. Al though this figure
naturally only shows one calculation example based on
certain given assumptions, the result is valid in
general terms.
In mill dimensioning studies it is usual to express
the milling requirement for a mineral or ore in units
of kilowatt-hours per ton. In project planning and
preliminary costing, the cost of crushing and milling
is stated in kronor or other monetary units per kWh
per ton. These costs may be of the order of magnitude
given in the table below (cost levels as of about
1970).
Cost of various items
Energy consumption
Lining and repairs
Grinding media
Inspection and supervision
of operations
Capital cost of equipment
Capital cost of buildings
Total cost in Skr/kWh-ton
Cost in Skr/kWh-ton
0.05
0.03
0.11
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.30
The cost' of milling a copper ore for flotation, then,
works out at roughly 3 kronor per ton if the milling
requirement is 10 kWh/ton. Fine milling of a coarse
magnetite concentrate to pelletising fineness, which
requires an energy input of 20 kWh/ton, would thus by
the same reasoning cost about 6 kronor per ton.
21
22
Literature references
/1/ P G Kihlstedt: The Relationship between Particle
Size Distribution and Specific
Surface in Comminution. Symposium
Zerkleinern. Verlag Chemie-VDI-
Verlag (1962) 205-216
/2/ P G Kihlstedt: Assessment of Comminution by means
of Particle Size and Specific Sur-
face. VII International Mineral
Processing Congress, New York.
Volume 1. Gordon and Breach (1965)
11-17
/3/ P G Kihlstedt: Particle Size Distribution and
Separation Results of Selective
Flotation of Complex Sulphide Ores.
VIII International ~ i n e r a l Pro-
cessing Congress, Leningrad (1968)
/4/ P G Kihlstedt: The Influence of Materials and
Methods on Particle Size Distri-
bution and Specific Surface in
Comminution Processes for Minerals.
Rittingersyrnposium, Leoben, June
(1972)
/5/ P G Kihlstedt: Grinding of Minerals. Gruvforsk-
ningen Serie B. Swedish Miner's
Association Stockholm. No . 194
(1974)
SfKso
2000
500
2.3
1'\
L
1 ~
'
"'
-
.-1-
r--
7 ~
.-I
0,01 0,1 1,0 10,0
SIZE OF GROUND PRODUCTS K(8Q) CM
SVKgQ AS A FUNCTION OF Kgo
MEASURED VALUES TAKEN FROM B. FAGERBERG, H ORNSTEIN:
GRINDING TESTS ON MAGNETITE ORES WITH A ~ R O F A L L MILL AND
WITH DRY AND WET ROD MILLS. VOLUME OF PROCEEDINGS OF
THE INTERNATIONAL MINERAL PROCESSING CONGRESS, LONDON 1960
CURVE 1 - DRY ROD MILL CURVE 2 - WET ROD -MILL CURVE 3
AEROFALL MILL
Figure 10
BIN
~
FEEDER CO 0")
JMI CRUSHER DJ
~ # I I I I I ~
~ ~ ~ GYRATORY
V ~ ~ ~ CRUSHER
~ ~ BIN
SCREEN
~
) O)
FEEDER
BALL
~ 1 ILL
CYLPEBS
MILL
FLOWSHEET FOR OPEN CIRCUIT CRUSHING AND GRINDI NG IN SEVERAL STEPS.
BIN
~
co o)
FEEDER
~ G Y R A T O R Y ~
{' ~ ~ CRUSHERS
SCREEN
~
o)
FEEDER
HYDROCYCLONES
BALL
MILL
FLOWSHEET OF CRUSHING AND
SE VERAL STEP GRINDING IN SEPARATE
CLOSED Cl RCUI TS.
CYLPEPS
MILL
1\.)
V1
FEEDER
JAW
~
(o o)j
CRUSHER 0!}
SCREEN
SCREEN
CO o)
FE EDER
BALL
MIll
FLOWSHEET FOR CLOSED CIRCUIT CRUSHING
AND GRINDING.
FROM MINE
<250mm
CYCLON
r
AUTOGENOUS
MILL
4. 5 x 4. 8 m
i
PUMP
0
ORE 75 - 80/o
--.a <200 mesh
I MAGNET I TE
SEPARATION
TAILI NGS
INPUT 1450- 2000mmel
GRATE 7 mm
AUTOGENOUS GR IND ING .
MILL OF CONVENTIONAL DIMENS IONS.
ONE CLOSED CIRCUI T CLASSIFICATION.
28
RU N- Of - NINt
OR PRINARY
: RUSHER PRODUCt
l - IN PE BBLE SIZE HOLE IN NILL

HARDING CASCAOf WILL
TROWWEL WIT H l - IN
PEBBLE Off LECTOR
'
CLEU PfBBLES 10 BIN
-}
1 HF. SMALl . hnlo:' in, idc tho: Mill help prevent an oversupply of pebble' that would cause a major conveying problem.
Figure 15
Figure 16 .
Figure 17
120

110


:i

100
"'
0\
0
0

....
90


....
..
80 c
...
0
....
z
10
....
u
"'
....

60
SIX- 1500 HP GRINDING MILLS
FLOOR SPACE 29,900 SQ. fT
JLOOR SPACE SAYING 65 PER.CENT

I I I I
INCLUDES OAIVE AND IIOTOA-
/ BASE POINT
i
I .. -
l\
_J_
-- -- -r- -
\
I
I
!
"'
=r-
1-- -- --
0
_J_
-
--
I
50
o 05 10 15 2.0 25 30 35 40 4.5 5.0 55 60 u 7.0 u 1.0
AVERAGE IIILL OASlPOWEA IN THOJ!1!.!!.Q!.
. Mill versus connected horsepower in wet autO/!.(' nou:
grinding.
Figure 18
29