Chapter 5.

MEDICAL INSPECTION OF THE SHIP Objective: After studying the topic in the coursebook and seminar, the students should be able to: recognize and use the terms related to medical inspection correctly; fill in a maritime declaration of health form; construct and act out a dialogue between the master of the ship and the medical officer. 1. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the new words and phrases from the context. On the arrival of a ship in a foreign port the first person who comes aboard is the medical officer of the port. His duty is to examine the members of the crew for infectious diseases. He also examines the bill of health which the ship got in her last port of call. If the bill of health is clean and there are no infectious diseases on board the medical officer issues the certificate of pratique. This certificate allows the vessel to enter the port and to discharge her cargo. It also allows the ships crew and passengers to land. If the ship has arrived from a port suffering from infectious diseases or if there have been some cases of infections aboard the ship during her voyage, the ship is put in quarantine. The medical officer is also under duty to examine whether the ship has proper certificates of deratisation and disinfection. In case of some casualty or if there are some sick people on board, the medical officer renders assistance in placing the injured or sick persons for hospital treatment. Sometimes customs officers and pilots are authorised to give ships free pratique provided the ships have clean bills of health. 2.Role-play the following dialogues and then work out and perform dialogues of your own. 2.1.Dialogue 1 MO = Medical Officer; CM = Chief Mate MO: Ive come to examine your ship. I am the medical officer. Have you any sick people on board? CM: Yes, two men were badly injured during the storm. MO: What injuries did they get? CM: One of them has broken his leg, the other one has sprained his arm. MO: Do they get medical treatment? CM: Yes, certainly they do, but still they need hospital treatment. They both must be Xrayed. MO: Ill see to that later when we have finished with the examination. CM: Shall I have all hands mustered and lined up for doctors inspection? MO: No, thats not necessary. Do you have any infectious disease on board? CM: No, everybody is in good health. MO: Have you had unusual mortality among the rats on board your ship?

CM: No, we havent. We maintain the ship practically ratfree, as we often do fumigation. MO: What was your last port of call? CM: Our last port of call was Naples, Italy. MO: Show me the latest copy of your bill of health. CM: Here it is. It was issued in Naples. MO: Thank you. Will you kindly present your deratisation and disinfection certificates. CM: Here they are. The vessel was fumigated a month ago. MO: So, everything is OK and Ill give you free pratique. 2.2.Dialogue 2 MO: I am sorry, but we have to keep your ship in quarantine. C : What the reason for that? MO: We are informed about an epidemic of cholera in Hong Kong where you were five days ago. C : How long shall we be kept in quarantine? MO: According to regulations youll be kept in quarantine for a week. Well have to carry out disinfection. C : How long will it take you to carry out disinfection? MO: It wont take much time, a couple of hours, perhaps. C : All right; you may start then. What other regulations should we carry out? MO: All the requirements are stated in this declaration which you must sign and hand over to me. You may retain a copy of this declaration. C : Thats clear. Anything else? MO: Fruit, vegetables, flowers are not allowed to be landed. Besides you must sign a declaration that you wont land any animals ashore. C : We have no animals, except a dog. MO: It is just the same. You must confine your dog and not let it out on deck. 3. Read and take note of the format of the following MARITIME DECLARATION OF HEALTH DECLARATIE MARITIMA SANITARA MARITIME DECLARATION OF HEALTH (Se prezinta de comandantii navelor sosite din porturi straine) (To be rendered by the masters of ships arriving from ports outside the territory) INTEROGATORIU SANITAR HEALTH QUESTIONS A existat la bord n timpul calaoriei vreun caz de ciuma, holera, febra galbena, variola, tifos, febra recurenta, sau vreun caz suspect de asemenea boli? Dati amanunte n tablou. Has there been on board during the voyage any case or suspect case of plague, cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, typhus, or relapsing fever? Give particulars in the Schedule. No

S-a constatat sau au fost cazuri suspecte de de ciuma printre sobolanii sau soarecii de la bord n timpul calatoriei sau s-a constatat vreo mortalitate neobisnuita printre ei? Has plague occurred or been suspected among the rats or mice on board during the voyage or has there been an abnormal mortality among them? No A murit vreo persoana la bord n timpul calatoriei altfel dect ca rezultat al unui accident? Dati amanunte n tablou. Has any person died on board during the voyage otherwise than as a result of accident? Give particulars in Schedule. No Exista la bord sau a existat n timpul calatoriei vreun caz de maladie pe care o suspectati de a fi de natura infectioasa? Dati amanunte n tablou. Is there on board or has there been during the voyage any case of disease which you suspect to be of an infectious nature? Give particulars in Schedule. No Exista acum vreo persoana bolnava la bord? Dati amanunte in tablou. Nota: n absenta unui medic Comandantul trebuie sa considere urmatoarele simptome pentru a suspecta existenta unei maladii de natura infectioasa: febra nsotita de slabire fizica persistnd mai multe zile sau insotita de inflamatii glandulare; orice patare sau eruptie acuta a pielii cu sau fara febra, diaree puternica cu simptome de slabiciune fizica generala; icter insotit de febra. Is there any sick person on board now? Give particulars in Schedule. Note: In the absence of a surgeon, the Master should regard the following symptoms as ground of suspecting the existence of disease of an infectious nature: fever accompanied by prostration or persisting for several days or attended with glandular swelling; or any acute skin rash or eruption with or without fever; severe diarrhoea with symptoms of collapse; jaundice accompanied by fever. No Aveti cunostinta de vreo conditie la bord care poate duce la infectie sau la raspndirea maladiei? Are you aware of any other condition on board which may lead to infection or the spread of disease? No Prin prezenta declar ca datele si raspunsurile la ntrebarile solicitate n aceasta declaratie sanitara sunt adevarate si corecte conform cunostintelor si parerilor mele.

I hereby declare that the particulars and answers to the questions given in this Declaration of Health are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief Medicul navei Ships Surgeon Data Date 4.VOCABULARY Words and phrases. Medical officer = Inspector sanitar, doctor Duty = Datoria, ndatorire To examine = A examina, a verifica Crew = Echipaj Infectious disease = Boala infectioasa Bill of health = Patenta de sanatate To issue = A emite, a elibera Free pratique = Lbera practica, permisiune de a opera Port of call = Port de escala To land = A acosta Quarantine = Carantina Casualty = Eveniment nefericit, accident Sick = Bolnav To injure = A deteriora, a avaria, a rani Injury = Deteriorare, avarie, ranire Authorize = A autoriza To fumigate = A dezinfecta, a deratiza To carry out = A executa To hand over = A nmna, a preda To suffer from = A suferi de To be under duty = A avea ndatorirea/datoria To render assistance = A acorda asistenta To get medical treatment = A primi tratament medical To be X-rayed = A face radiografie To muster and line up = A se aduna n formatie A keep the ship in quarantine = A tine nava n carantina 5. Reading Comprehension 5.1. Read the text again and answer the following questions: 1. Who is the first person to come aboard on the ships arrival? 2. What is the duty of the medical officer of the port? 3. What documents is he to examine? 4. Who issues the bill of health? 5. In what case is the certificate of pratique given to the ship? Comandant Master

6. Who issues the certificate of pratique? 7. What does this document allow the ship to do? 8. What does this document allow the crew and passengers to do? 9. In what case is the ship put in quarantine? 10.What assistance does the medical officer render when there are sick or injured persons aboard? 5.2. Read the dialogues again and answer the following questions: 5.2.1. Dialogue 1 1.How many injured persons were there aboard? 2.What injuries did they have? 3.What treatment did they need? 4.Could they be X-rayed aboard the ship? 5.Was there anybody ill with infectious diseases? 6.What did the chief mate say about the rat mortality aboard the ship? 7.Did the medical officer give free pratique to the ship? 5.2.2. Dialogue 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why was the vessel put in quarantine? How long was she to be kept in quarantine? How long was the disinfection to take? What did the medical officer say about fruit, vegetables and flowers? Could animals be landed ashore in that port?

6. Read the excerpts from the Pilot Book on health regulations and state the requirements of some port authorities. Quarantine and Customs Regulations British Regulations 1.134 Vessels arriving at any ports and harbours in the United Kingdom are subject to British Quarantine and Customs Regulations. In British territorial waters, no person is permitted to leave a vessel coming from a foreign place, except in case of emergency, until pratique has been granted by the local authority. The Master of a foreign-going vessel, fitted with radio, is required to inform the Port Health Authority by radio if any person on board is suffering from an infectious

disease, or if there are any circumstances requiring the attention of the Port Medical Officer. For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1. This message should be made not more than 12 hours and not less than 4 hours before arrival. 1.136 Regulations to prevent the spread of Rabies. Stringent regulations are in force to prevent the spread of rabies into Great Britain. The following is an extract from Article 12 of The Rabies (Importation of Dogs, Cats and other Mammals) Order 1974 (as amended in 1977). This extract is applicable to any animal which has, within the preceding six months, been in a place outside Great Britain Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, except one for which an import licence has been issuedIt shall be the duty of the person having charge or control of a vessel in harbour in Great Britain to ensure that an animal which is outboard that vessel: (a) is at all times restrained, and kept securely confined within a totally enclosed part of the vessel from which it cannot escape; (b) does not come into contact with any other animal or any contact animal (other than an animal or contact animal with which it had been transported to Great Britain); and (c) is in no circumstances permitted to land. If an animal to which the above extract applies is lost from a vessel in harbour, the person having charge or control of that vessel must immediately inform an Inspector of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, or the Police, or an officer of H.M. Customs and Excise. No native animals or contact animals are permitted to go onboard the vessel on which there is an animal from abroad. This does not apply to dogs belonging to the Police, H.M. Customs or the Armed Forces and under constant control of a trained handler, or to animals being loaded for export. A contact animal is any one of 25 species, listed in an Appendix to the Order, which are not normally subject to quarantine for rabies unless they have been in contact with an animal which is subject to quarantine; foe example a horse, listed as a contact animal, could become subject to quarantine if it came into contact with a dog or other animal which is subject to quarantine. Other than in exceptional circumstances, only certain ports are authorised for the landing of animals for which an import licence has been issued; within the limits of this volume the following are the only ports, covered by this volume, at which authorised landings of animals may take place: Newhaven Folkestone Dover International Hoverport, Ramsgate (Pegwell Bay) Port of London Harwich French Regulations

1.137 Maritime declarations of health are waived for all vessels, irrespective of flag, proceeding from one port to another in countries of the European Economic Community (EEC), provided these vessels do not make a call at a port of a third country; in normal conditions these vessels need not ask for pratique. However on entering French territorial waters from a foreign port a vessel should show: By day Flag Q International Code At night Red light over a white light, but only within port limit. Belgian and Netherlands Regulations 1.138 For special signals to be made at Vlissingen (Flushing) for inward-bound vesels from a port declared contagious-infected bound for Belgian or Netherlands ports within Westerschelde, see 14.43. At other Netherlandsports, such vessels should show the following signals: By day: Flags TM International Code. At night: Two white lights, displayed horizontally. Netherlands Quarantine Regulations are based o the International Sanitary Conventions Regulations, but under Dutch Law contain some additional infectious diseases. It is the duty of the pilot, on boarding an inward bound vessel to inform the Master of the Quarantine Regulations, and requirements. Provided there are no contageous diseases onboard, the pilot will automatically grant pratique. There are no arrangements available for the granting of free pratique by radio prior to arrival.

Port Health 14.44 In addition to the three-flag hoist or Morse signal inward bound vessels coming from a port declared contagious-infected should show the following: (a) If bound for a Netherlands port in Westerschelde or on Terneuzen-Ghent Canal: By day : International Code ZV At night: Two white lights, disposed vertically. (b) If bound for a Belgian port not on Terneuzen-Ghent Canal, as soon as the vessel enters Belgian waters: By day: International Code TM

At night:

A green light, visible all round.

7.Grammar.Word order 7.1. Negative statements We form negative statements by putting not (contraction nt) after an auxiliary verb (e.g. be, have, can) Were leaving We arent leaving Theyve finished. They havent finished. He can swim. He cant swim. I may go to the party. I may not go to the party. We also form negative statements by putting not/nt after the full verb be, and after have and have got. Im hungry. Im not hungry. Shes got a car. She hasnt got a car. In the present simple and past simple there is no auxiliary verb, so we use do/does (in the present simple) and did ( in the past simple ) before not/nt. I smoke. I dont smoke. She lives in London. She doesnt live in London. We went out last night. We didnt go out last night. Note that after do/does and did, the verb is always the infinitive without to e.g. smoke, live, go. If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, not/nt goes after the first auxiliary. Hes been working. He hasnt been working. 7.2. Yes/No questions 7.2.1. A Yes/No question is a question which can be answered with Yes or No. Is Susan coming? Yes./No. 7.6.2.2. We form questions by changing the position of the subject (e.g. Sue, they, he) and the auxiliary verb (e.g. be, have, can) Sue is coming. Is Sue coming? They have finished. Have they finished? You can cook. Can you cook? We form questions with the full verb be in the same way. They are English. Are they English? We form questions with have got by changing the position of the subject and have. He has got a car. Has he got a car? If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, we change the position of the subject and the first auxiliary. He has been waiting. Has he been waiting?

In the present simple and past simple there is no auxiliary verb, so we use do/does in present simple questions and did in past simple questions. They live here. Do they live here? She likes tennis. Does she like tennis? He enjoyed the film. Did he enjoy the film? Note that after do/does and did, the verb is always the infinitive without to e.g. live, like, enjoy. 7.2.3. Wh-questions 7.2.3.1. A Wh-question begins with a question word: what, where, who, whose, when, why, which, how. What is she reading? Where do they live? 7.2.3.2. We form questions by changing the position of the subject (e.g. she, they, we) and the auxiliary verb (e.g. be, have, can) She is reading. What is she reading? They have gone. Where have they gone? We can start. What can we start? We form questions with the full verb be in the same way. He is here. Why is he here? We form questions with have got by changing the position of the subject and have. He has got your key. Why has he got your key? If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, we change the position of the subject and the first auxiliary. He has been reading. What has he been reading? In the present simple and past simple there is no auxiliary verb, so we use do/does in present simple questions and did in past simple questions. They start work. When do they start work? She goes to school. Where does she go to school? He arrived. When did he arrive? Note that after do/does and did the verb is always the infinitive without to e.g. start, go, arrive. 7.2.4. Subject and object question 7.2.4.1. Who can ask about the subject or the object. Compare: Asking about the object Asking about the subject Frank loves someone. Someone loves Frank. Who does Frank love? Who loves Frank? Tina phoned someone. Someone phoned Tina. Who did Tina phone? Who phoned Tina? Ken is helping someone. Someone is helping Ken. Who is Ken helping? Who is helping Ken? When who asks about the subject, the verb has the same form as a statement e.g. loves, phoned, is helping, and we do not use do/does in the present or did in the past simple. 7.2.4.2.We can also use what, which and how many to ask about the subject.

What made that noise? It was the cat Which car goes the fastest? The Mercedes. How many people went to the party? About fifty. 7.3. Question words 7.3.1. What, who and which 7.3.1.1. We use what with a noun (e.g. what colour, what nationality) or without a noun to ask mostly about things. What colour is your car? What nationality is Maria? What is Ken doing? What would you like to drink? We can sometimes use what to ask about people. What actors do you like? 7.3.1.2. We use who without a noun to ask about people. Who is your favourite actor? Who told you the news? 7.3.1.3.We use which with or without a noun to ask about things or people when there is a restricted choice. Which colour do you like best-red, blue or yellow? Which actor do you prefer-Robert de Niro or Dustin Hoffman? Which would you like-wine or beer? But we often use who when there is a restricted choice. Who do you prefer-Robert de Niro or Dustin Hoffman? We often use which one instead of who or what when there is a restricted choice. Which one do you prefer?- Robert de Niro or Dustin Hoffman? Which one do you want?-the red one or the blue one? 7.3.2. Whose We use whose with or without a noun to ask about possession. Whose book is this? Its Marias. 7.3.3. Where, when, why and how. 7.3.3.1. We use where to ask about place. Where are you going on holiday To Greece. Where does Sue live? In London. 7.3.3.2. We use when to ask about time. When were you born? In 1970. When is she leaving? At 2 oclock. 7.3.3.3.We use why to ask about reason or purpose. Why are you late? Because my car broke down Why did you go out? To do some shopping. 7.3.3.4. We use how to ask in what way? How did you get here? I came by bus. How do you spell your name? D-A-V-I-S. We use how in greetings and introductions, and to ask about state of health. How are you? Im fine, thanks. And you? How do you do? How do you do? Im pleased to meet you

How is your mother now? Is she feeling any better? We use how with adjectives (e.g. old, tall) and adverbs (e.g. often, well), and with much and many. How old are you? Im 18. How often do you go to the cinema? About once a week. How much money have you got with you? How many brothers and sisters have you got . 7.4. Negative questions 7.4.1. We normally form negative questions with the contraction nt. We put nt after an auxiliary verb (e.g. be, have, can). Arent you watching TV? Havent they finished yet? Cant he swim? We also form negative questions by putting nt after the full verb be and have in have got. Arent you Simon Robinson? Havent they got any money? If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, nt goes after the first auxiliary. Havent you been listening? In the present simple and past simple there is no auxiliary verb, so we use do/does (in the present simple) and did (in the past simple) before nt Dont you smoke? Doesnt she live here any more? Didnt they go to the cinema? 7.4.2. The word order is different when we use the full form not instead of nt. Compare: Are you not watching TV? Arent you watching TV? Does she not live here any more? Doesnt she live hare any more? 7.4.3. We often use negative questions to express surprise, disappointment or annoyance. Dont you smoke? I thought you did. Hasnt she finished the letter yet? Shes been typing it all morning. Negative questions are common in exclamations. Isnt it a terrible day! We also use negative questions when we think we know something and we are asking for confirmation. Arent you Simon Robinson? Yes, thats right. I thought you were. 7.4.4.Notice the meanings of yes and no in answers to negative questions. Didnt they see the film? Yes.(=Yes, they saw the film,)/No(=No, they didnt see the film) 7.5. Question tags 7.5.1. Study the examples. Its cold today, isnt it? You havent seen my keys, have you?

A question tag is an expression like isnt it? and have you? put at the end of the statement. 7.5.2. We form question tags with an auxiliary verb (e.g. be, have, can) + personal pronoun (e.g. it, you): You arent listening to me, are you? You havent seen my keys, have you? He can swim, cant he? A question tag has the same auxiliary verb that is in the main clause. If the main clause has the full verb be, we use be in the question tag. Its cold today, isnt it? If the main clause has have got, we use have in the question tag. You havent got a stamp, have you? If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, we use the first auxiliary in the question tag. He hasnt been waiting long, has he? We use do/does in present simple question tags and did in past simple question tags. You dont like football, do you? Simon lives in London, doesnt he? You saw the film, didnt you? 7.5.3. We normally put a negative question tag with a positive statement, and a positive question tag with a negative statement. Compare: It isnt cold today, is it? Its cold today, isnt it? You dont like football, do you? You like football, dont you? He cant swim, can he? He can swim ,cant he? 7.5.4. The meaning of a question tag depends on the intonation: 7.5.4.1. If we are asking a real question, we use a rising intonation (the voice goes up) You havent seen my keys, have you? ?)? (=Have you seen my keys?) 7.4.4.2.But if we are sure of the answer and we are only asking the other person to agree with us, we use a falling intonation (the voice goes down) Its cold today, isnt it??(= Its cold. Dont you agree?) 7.4.4.3. We often use a negative statement + positive question tag to ask people for things or to ask for help or information. You couldnt lend me some money, could you? You dont know where Peter lives, do you? 7.4.5. Note: 7.4.5.1. The question tag for I am is arent I? Im right, arent I? 7.4.5.2. After imperatives, we can use the question tags will/would you? and can/cant/could you? when we want people to do things. Switch on the light, will you? Help me with these bags, could you? After a negative imperative, we use will you? Dont forget to post my letter, will you? 7.4.5.3. After lets we use shall we? To make suggestions. Lets listen to some music, shall we? 7.4.5.4. We use they in question tags after somebody/someone, everybody/everyone and nobody/no one.

Somebody told you, didnt they? No one phoned for me, did they? 7.4.5.5. We use it in question tags after nothing. Nothing is wrong, is it? 7.4.5.6. We can use there as a subject in question tags. There wont be any problems, will there? 7.5. Reply questions 7.5.1. Study the examples. Im going to bed now. Are you? Oh, good night then. He cant swim Cant he? I thought he could. We often answer people with reply questions-short questions formed with an auxiliary verb + personal pronoun e.g. Are you? and Cant he? These reply questions are not real questions: they often just show that we are listening. They can also express interest, sympathy, surprise, or anger, depending on the intonation. 7.5.2. In reply questions we use the same auxiliary verb that is in the sentence we are answering. Im going to bed now. Are you? Oh, good night then. Weve finished. Have you? If the sentence has the full verb be, we use be in the reply question. Im hungry. Are you? Ill make you something to eat. If the sentence has have got, we use have in the reply question. Ive got a headache. Oh, have you? Do you want some aspirine? If the sentence has tow or more auxiliary verbs, we use the first auxiliary in the reply question. Ive been waiting for an hour. Have you? We use do/does in present simple reply questions and did in past simple reply questions. I like football. Do you? She lives in Brighton. Does she? We saw the film. Did you? 7.5.3. We use positive reply questions to answer positive statements, and negative reply questions to answer negative statements. Compare: He cant swim. Cant he? He can swim. Can he? I dont like football. Dont you? I like football. Do you? We can also answer an affirmative sentence using a negative reply question with a falling intonation. This expresses emphatic agreement. It was a fantastic film. Yes, wasnt it??I really enjoyed it. 7.6. Indirect questions. 7.6.1.When we ask people for information, we sometimes use indirect questions beginning with a phrase like Could you tell me? Do you know? Or Can you remember? Compare: QUESTION INDIRECT QUESTION Where is the station? Could you tell me where the station is ? When will they finish the job? Do you know when they will finish the job? In indirect questions, the word order is the same as in statements e.g. the station is, they will finish. 7.6.2. Notice what happens in present simple and past simple indirect questions.

What time does the shop close? Can you tell me what time the shop closes? What did she say? Can you remember what she said? In indirect questions, we do not use the auxiliary verb do/does and did. 7.6.3. When there is no question word e.g. what, where, who we can use if or whether to introduce an indirect question. Is she at home now? Do you know if she is at home now? Can he speak Italian? I wonder whether he can speak Italian. 7.7. Short answers 7.7.1. We often answer Yes/No questions using short answers- answers made with a subject (e.g. you, he, she) + auxiliary verb (e,g,be, have,can). Are you going out? Yes, I am. (=Yes, I am going out) Has he seen the film? No, he hasnt.(=No, he hasnt seen the film) Can she speak French? Yes, she can. (=Yes, she can speak French) If the question has the full verb be, we use be in the short answer. Are you hungry? No, Im not. If the question has have got, we use have in the short answer. Have you got a car? No, I havent. If there are two or three auxiliary verbs, we use the first auxiliary in the short answer. Have you been working? Yes, I have. We use do/does in the present simple short answers, and did in past simple short answers. Do you know Kate? Yes, I do. Does Simon smoke? No, he doesnt. Did they see the film? Yes, they did. 7.7.2. We can also use short answers in replies to statements. Im not angry. Yes, you are. Sue lives in Western Road. No, she doesnt. Simon is very helpful. Yes, he is. 7.8. So/neither am I, so/neither do I, so/neither can I, etc. 7.8.1. Study these examples. Im going out later So am I. (=I, also ,am going out later.) He can play the guitar, and so can I.(=I also, can play the guitar.) Im not feeling very well. Neither am I. (=I, also, am not feeling very well.) She cant drive, and neither can I.(=I,also,cant drive.) We can also use so (=also) and neither(=also not) before an auxiliary verb (e.g. be, can) + subject (e.g. I, he) We also use the full verb be and have in have got , in this structure. Im thirsty. So am I. You havent got any money and neither have I. If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, we use the first auxiliary after so and neither. Ive been studying. So have I. We use do/does in the present simple and did in the past simple after so and neither. I like tennis. So do I I dont want anything to eat, and neither does Sue. I went to the concert last week. So did I. 7.8.2. We can use nor instead of neither. I havent got a car. Nor/neither have I.

7.8.3. We can use noteither instead of neither or nor. Im not cold. Neither am I./Nor am I./Im not either. I cant swim, and neither can you./and nor can you./and you cant either. 7.9. I think so, I hope so, I expect so, etc. 7.9.1. Study the examples. Is she ill? I think so. (=I think she is ill.) Do you think the weather will be nice tomorrow? I hope so. (=I hope the weather will be nice.) Do you think youll come to the party? I expect so.(=I expect I will come to the party.) We use so after verbs such as think, hope, expect, imagine, and suppose to avoid repeating something said before. We also use so in this way with the expression be afraid. Is she seriously ill? Im afraid so. 7.9.2. With the verbs suppose and expect we can make negative forms in two ways: subject+verb+not subject+do not+verb+so I suppose not. I dont suppose so, I imagine not. I dont imagine so. I expect not. I dont expect so. We always use hope and be afraid withnot. Do you think you will be late tonight? I hope not. (=I hope I wont be late.) Did you pass the exam? Im afraid not.(=Im afraid I didnt pass the exam) We normally use think with do notso. Is she ill? I dont think so. (=I dont think she is ill.)

8. Grammar practice 1. Make these statements into negatives. Examples: Im going to apply for the job. Im not going to apply for the job. She got up very early this morning. She didnt get up early this morning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I like travelling by train. He was late for the appointment. Weve got a lot of time. Im enjoying myself very much. Robert works for the company in Manchester. The weather is very nice today. She can come to the party on Saturday. Ive been working too hard recently. Shes got a very interesting job. They may have gone home.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

We saw you at school yesterday. The bank opens on Saturday afternoon. My sister is going to work tomorrow. The telephone has been repaired. We play tennis every weekend. Ill be seeing martin tomorrow.

2. Make Yes/No questions from these statements. Examples: She lives in London. Does she live in London? Youd like a cup of coffee. Would you like a cup of coffee? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. They played tennis yesterday. Hes doing his homework. Shes got a lot to do today. Theyve bought a new car. You know Simon Robinson. He can play the piano and the guitar. The shop closes at 6 oclock. Youd like to go swimming. The job will be finished soon.

3. Complete the questions, as in the examples. Examples: They went to the station. What time did they go there? Ive got some money. How much have you got? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Were going. Where---? Im worried. Why---worried? I was reading. What---? He visits his grandparents. How often---them? Theyll do it. When---it? Shes been waiting outside. How long---there? I come from Australia. Which part of Australia---from? Ive got a car. What kind of car---? We bought some wine. How much wine---? She likes pop music. What kind of pop music---? We saw a film. Which film---? She was talking to someone. Who---to?

4. Ask questions with who or what. Examples: She wants to see someone. Who does she want to see? Someone wants to see her. Who wants to see her? Someone told me. Who told you? 1 I told someone. 2. Someone wrote to me. 3. I wrote to someone. 4. Something is making that noise.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Hes making something. Someone makes the decisions. They helped someone. Someone helped them. She was looking for someone. Someone was looking for her. Something moved. Someone gave me the book.

5. Look at the answers and complete the questions using the question words in the box. Example: How old are you? Im 20 What who which whose where when why how how often how much how many how old how long 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. .do you do? Im a student. do you live? In London. have you lived there? For two years. brothers and sisters have you got? Two brothers and two sisters. is your favourite pop singer? Michael Jackson. is your birthday? November the 3rd . ,,,do you play tennis? About once a week. does it cost to play tennis in Britain? Its not very expensive. bag is this? I think its Simons. do you usually get to work? By car. of those girls is your sister? Shes the one in the black skirt. are you smiling? Oh, Ive just thought of something funny.

6. Make negative questions using the contraction nt and the words in brackets. Example: I posted the letter to you over a week ago! Havent you received ( you/have/received/it yet?) 1. Why arent you eating your dinner? (you/do/like it?) 2. Look!(that/is/your brother over there?) Oh, yes. 3. I really must go now. But its only half past nine.(you/can/stay a little longer?) 4. (she/is/a pretty child!) Yes, lovely. 5. (I/have/met you somewhere before?) Im sure I know your face. 6. Sally is still in bed. (she/is/going to work today?) 7. (you/do/want to come to the concert tonight?) I thought you said you did. 7. Put a question tag at the end of each sentence. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Example: Its a good restaurant.

Its a good restaurant, isnt it? 1.You dont like this music. 2.Robert isnt at work today. 3.Im too late. 4.You havent seen the newspaper. 5.Lynne speaks French and German. 6.They didnt go to the concert. 7.Youd like to have something to eat. 8.Were leaving tomorrow. 9.You couldnt do me a favour. 10.You dont know where Sarah is. 11.Switch on the light for me. 12.Dont forget to lock the door. 13.Nobody was watching the TV. 14.Everyone will be here soon. 15.Nothing terrible has happened. 16.Theres plenty of time. 17.Pass me that magazine. 18.Lets have a cup of tea. 8.You are sitting on a park bench when a tramp comes up to you and starts a conversation. React to what the tramp says using reply questions. Tramp: Its a lovely day. You : Yes, isnt it? Tramp: This is my bench, you know. You : Oh, is it? Im sorry. I didnt know. Tramp: Its all right. You can sit here. You may not believe this, but I was very rich once. I was almost a millionaire. You : .? Thats amazing. Tramp: Yes, but a gave all my money away. You :? What, all of it? Tramp: Yes, every penny. I gave it away to my friends, to my relatives. But they didnt thank me. You : ? Tramp: No. Still, Im much happier now. You : .? Tramp: Yes, I like the simple life. I like sleeping in the park under the stars. You : Dont you get cold? Tramp: No. I dont feel the cold. Im used to it You : ? Really? Even in winter? Tramp: Yes. Ive been sleeping on this bench for over twenty years. You : ? Really? Thats a long time. Tramp: Yes, the only problem is my health, I.ve got a bad heart condition.

You : Oh,? Tramp: I havent got long to live. You : ? Tramp: No, but Im going to enjoy my last few weeks. Im going to eat and drink well But food and drink are so expensive nowadays. You : Yes, they are, arent they? Tramp: Yes, if I had some money, Id go and have a good meal. You :..? Tramp: YesYou couldnt let me have a few pounds, could you? 9. Make these questions into indirect questions, beginning with the words in brackets, Example: Where is the Tourist Information Office? (Could you tell me) Could you tell me where the Tourist Information Office is? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. When does the last bus leave? (Can you tell me) Is he over 18? (Do you know) Can she speak French? (Do you know) How does this machine work? (Can you explain) Where are you going on holiday? (Have you decided) What did he tell you? (Do you remember exactly) Will you be here tomorrow?(Do you know) Does she like horse riding? (Have you got any idea) Did you switch off all the lights? (Can you remember) Has anyone gone home? (Do you know)

10.Complete the short answers to these questions, as in the examples. Examples: Have you ever been to the USA? No. I havent. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Can you play the guitar? No, . Are you over 21? Yes, Did Andrew go to school yesterday? Yes, Do you smoke? No, Does Sarah like tennis? Yes, Have you got time for a coffee? No, Is Ken working today? No, Were you at home last night? Yes Will you be seeing Martin tonight? Yes Have they been living here very long? No, Has Lynne got any brothers and sisters? No, Does Simon want to go to university? Yes,.

11.Agree with these statements using SoI orNeitherI Examples: I dont like noisy people. Neither do I. I am a very tidy person. So am I. 1. Im not very interested in football.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

I enjoy travelling. Ive never been to Australia. Id like to get there one day I havent got a very good memory. I havent been working very hard recently. I often forget things. I went to bed quite late last night. I should go to bed earlier. I always tell the truth. Id rather die than tell a lie. I didnt tell lies even when I was a child.

12. Give short answers using the words in brackets. Sometimes two answers are possible. Examples: Do you think it will be a good concert? Yes, I hope so. (Yes/hope) Do you think well be late? No, I hope not. (No/hope) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Are you going to sell your car? (Yes/think) Will you give him the money? (Yes/suppose) Have your parents heard the news?(No/think) Will you be able to help us? (No/afraid) Is she going to apply for the job? (Yes/imagine) Do you think they will come with us? (No/expect) Will he have to go into hospital? (Yes/afraid) Will you have time to go shopping this afternoon? (No/suppose0 Do you think everything will be all right? (Yes/expect) Does he know about the accident yet/ (Yes/imagine)

9. Grammar Practice-answer-key 1. 1.I dont like travelling by train; 2. He wasnt late for the appointment; 3. We havent got a lot of time; 4. Im not enjoying myself very much; 5. Robert doesnt work for a company in Manchester; 6. The weather isnt very nice today; 7. She cant come to the party on Saturday; 8. I havent been working too hard recently; 9. She hasnt got a very interesting job; 10. They may not have gone home; 11. We didnt see you at school yesterday; 12. The bank doesnt open on Saturday afternoon; 13. My sister isnt going to work tomorrow; 14. The telephone hasnt been repaired; 15. We dont play tennis every weekend; 16. I wont be seeing Martin tomorrow. 2. 1.Did they play tennis yesterday?; 2. Is he doing his homework?; 3. Has she got a lot to do today?; 4. Have they bought a new car?; 5. Do you know Simon Robinson?; 6. Can he play the piano and the guitar?; 7. Does the shop close at 6 oclock?; 8. Would you like to go swimming?; 9. Will the job be finished?

3. 1 are you going; 2 are you; 3 were you reading; 4 does he visit; 5 will they do; 6 has she been waiting 7 do you come; 8 have you got; 9 did you buy; 10 does she like; 11 did you see; 12 was she talking 4. 1.Who did you tell?; 2. Who wrote to you?; 3. Who did you write to?; 4. What is making that noise?; 5. What is he making?; 6. Who makes the decisions?; 7. Who did they help?; 8. Who helped them?; 9 Who was she looking for? 10. Who was looking for her?; 11. What moved?; 12. Who gave you the book? 5. 1.what; 2. Where; 3. How long; 4. How many; 5.who; 6.when; 7. How often; 8. How much; 9. Whose; 10. How; 11. Which; 12. Why 6 1. Dont you like it?; 2. Isnt that your brother over there?; 3. Cant you stay a little longer?; 4. Isnt she a pretty child?; 5. Havent I met you somewhere before? 6. Isnt she going to work today?; 7. Dont you want to come to the concert tonight? 7. 1.You dont like this music, do yo?; 2. Robert isnt at work today, is he?; 3. Im too late, arent I?; 4. You havent seen the newspaper, have you?; 5. Lynne speaks French and German, doesnt she?; 6. They didnt go to the concert, did they?; 7. Youd love to have something to eat, wouldnt you?; 8. Were leaving tomorrow, arent we?; 9. You couldnt do me a favour, could you?;10. You dont know where Sarah is, do you?;11. Switch on the light for me, will/would/can/could you?; 12. Dont forget to lock the door, will you?; 13.Nobody was watching the TV, were they?; 14. Everyone will be here soon, wont they?; 15. Nothing terrible has happened, has it?; 16. Theres plenty of time, isnt there?; 17. Pass me that magazine, will/would/can/could you?; 18. Lets have a cup of tea, shall we? 8. 1.Were you?; 2. Did you?; 3. Didnt they?;4. Are you?; 5. Do you/; 6. Are you?;7. Have you?; 8. Have you?; 9. Havent you?; 10. Would you 9. 1.Can you tell me when the last bus leaves?; 2. Do you know if he is over 18?; 3.Do you know if she can speak French?; 4. Can you explain how this machine works?;5. Have you decided where you are going on holiday?; 6. Do you remember exactly what he told you?; 7. Do you know if you will be here tomorrow?; 8. Have you got any idea if she likes horse riding?; 9. Can you remember if you switched off all the lights?; 10. Do you know if everyone has gone home? 10.

1.cant; 2. I am; 3. he did; 4. I dont; 5. she does; 6. I havent; 7. he isnt; 8. I was; 9. I will; 10. they havent; 11. she hasnt; 12. he does. 11. 1.Neither am I; 2. So do I; 3. Neither have I; 4. So would I; 5. Neither have I; 6.Neither have I; 7. So do I; 8. So did I; 9. So should I; 10. So do I; 11. So would I; 12. Neither did I. 12. 1. Yes, I think so; 2. Yes, I suppose so; 3. No, I dont think so; 4. No, Im afraid not; 5. Yes, I imagine so; 6. No, I dont expect so; 7. Yes, Im afraid so; 8. No, I dont suppose so; 9. Yes, I expect so; 10. Yes, I imagine so.