What is Mechanical Engineering?

It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.
Heron of Alexandria (c. 1070 AD) created the first steam engine.

What are Carnot Cycle, Otto Cycle, and Diesel Cycle?

CARNOT CYCLE
It can be shown that it is the most efficient cycle for converting a given amount of thermal energy into work, or conversely, creating a temperature difference (e.g. refrigeration) by doing a given amount of work.

mathematically, for a reversible process we may write the amount of work done over a cyclic process as:

Since dU is an exact differential, its integral over any closed loop is zero and it follows that the area inside the loop on a T-S diagram is equal to the total work performed if the loop is traversed in a clockwise direction, and is equal to the total work done on the system as the loop is traversed in a counterclockwise direction.

1.2 The Carnot cycle

Evaluation of the above integral is particularly simple for the Carnot cycle. The amount of energy transferred as work is

The total amount of thermal energy transferred between the hot reservoir and the system will be

and the total amount of thermal energy transferred between the system and the cold reservoir will be

The efficiency

is defined to be:

where is the work done by the system (energy exiting the system as work), is the heat put into the system (heat energy entering the system), is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir, and is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir. is the maximum system entropy is the minimum system entropy This efficiency makes sense for a heat engine, since it is the fraction of the heat energy extracted from the hot reservoir and converted to mechanical work. A Rankine cycle is usually the practical approximation. OTTO CYCLE

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