CAED

2.1

PROJECTIONS OF POINTS

(Above HP & Behind VP)

(Above HP & In front of VP)

(Below HP & Behind VP)

(Below HP & In front of VP)

2.1. Draw the projections of a point P in the following positions. i) The point is 25mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. ii) The point is 25mm above HP and 25mm behind VP. iii) The point is 10mm below HP and 40mm behind VP. iv) The point is in both HP and VP. 2.2. Draw the projections of a point Q in the following positions. i) The point is 20mm above HP and in VP. ii) The point is 30mm in front of VP and in HP. iii) The point is in VP and 35mm below HP. iv) The point is 25mm below HP and 25mm in front of VP. 2.3. Point A is 15mm above HP and 30mm infront of VP. Draw its front, top and right side views. 2.4. Point B is 20mm below HP and 35mm infront VP. Draw its front, top and left side views. 2.5. Point C is 25mm below HP and 15mm in behind VP. Draw its front, top and right side views. 2.6. Point D is 35mm below HP and 25mm in behind VP. Draw its front, top and left side views. 2.7. Point E is 20mm from HP, 15mm from VP and 25mm from RPP (Right Profile Plane) and is in the first quadrant. Draw its projections. 2.8. Point F is 15mm above HP, 30mm in front of VP and 25mm from LPP. Draw its front view, top view and right side view. 2.9. Point G is 20mm above HP, 35mm in front of VP, 25mm from LPP and 60mm from RPP. Draw its front view, top view, right side view and left side view. 2.10. Point H is 25mm below HP, 35mm behind VP and 30mm from RPP. Draw its top view, front view and right side view. 2.11. Point I is 20mm from HP, 25mm from VP and 15mm from LPP and is in the third quadrant. Draw its front, top and side views.

PROJECTIONS OF POINTS

2.2

CAED

2.12. Projections of some points are shown in Fig. 1. Describe clearly, their location. All the dimensions are in mm.

t
10

u' u
35

t' r
18

s'

w
18 20

z' x y'
20

x
25

v v' r' s
Fig. 1

w'

20

x'

2.13. A point lying 20mm below the xy line is the top view of three points P, Q and R. P is 20mm below HP, Q is 35mm above HP and point R is in HP. Draw the projections of these three points and state their positions with reference planes and quadrant in which they lie. 2.14. A point A is 20mm above HP and in the first quadrant. Its shortest distance from the reference xy line is 40mm. Draw the projections of the point and determine its distance from VP. 2.15. Draw the projections of the following points and determine the distance of each point from the reference planes and mention the quadrants in which they lie. i) The front view of the point is 40mm above xy line and its top view is 15mm below the front view. ii) The top view of the point B is 35mm above xy line and front view is 10mm below xy line. iii) The front view of point C is 50mm below xy line and its top view is 10mm above the front view. iv) The front and top views of point D coincide with each other and 30mm above xy line. v) The front view of point E is 30mm above xy line and top view 25mm below xy line. 2.16. The orthographic projections of certain points are shown in Fig. 2. Determine their positions with respect to the planes of projection and state in which quadrant they are situated.

c' b c a'
20 45 25 50

x
15

d'
30

35

d b'
Fig. 2

CAED

3.1

PROJECTIONS OF LINES

3.1. A line AB is 60mm long and is inclined at 45 and 25 respectively with HP and VP. Point A is 60mm in front of VP and 25mm above HP. Draw the front view and top view of the line. 3.2. A line PQ is 85mm long and has end P in HP and 25mm in front of VP. It is inclined at 30 to HP and 45 to VP. Draw the projections of the line and find apparent lengths and apparent inclinations. (15) February 2004 3.3. A line AB has its end A, 15mm from HP and 10mm from VP. The end B is 55mm above HP and the line is inclined at 30 to HP. The distance between the end projectors is 50mm. Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length of the line and its inclination with VP. (15) July 2003 3.4. The left end A of a line AB is 40mm in front of VP and 25mm above HP. The top view of the line is inclined at 30 to VP and the front view of the line is inclined at 45 to the ground. The distance between the projectors is 100mm. Draw the top and front views of the line. Determine the true length and the true inclinations the line makes with VP and HP. 3.5. The top view of a certain line PQ is 60mm long and makes 30 with XY line. Its front view makes 45 with XY line. The end P is 20mm in front of VP and 25mm above HP. Determine its true length, inclination with the reference planes. 3.6. A point P is 40mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. Another point Q is 20mm above HP and 50mm in front of VP. The top view of the line joining P and Q is inclined at 30 to the XY line. Draw the top and front views of the line. Find i) True length, ii) Traces and iii) Inclinations with the two reference planes. 3.7. The top view of a line PQ, 75mm long, measures 50mm. The end P is 30mm in front of VP and 15mm above HP. The end Q is 15mm in front of VP and above HP. Draw the projections of the line and find its inclinations with HP and VP. (15) March 2001 3.8. A line PQ, measuring 75mm, has one of its ends 40mm in front of VP and 15mm above HP. The other end is 15mm in front of VP and above HP. The top view of the line is 50mm long. Draw the front view of the line and find the inclination of the line PQ with HP and VP. (15) February 2003 3.9. The end A of the line AB is 20mm above HP and 15mm in front of VP. The distance between the ends A and B measured parallel to the reference line is 70mm and the distances measured perpendicular to the reference line, between the ends A and B, in the front view and in the top view are 40mm and 30mm respectively. Draw the projections of the line AB and determine the true length and inclinations of the line with all the three planes. (15) February 2004 3.10. The top view pq of a straight line is 70mm and makes an angle of 60 with XY line. The point Q is 10mm in front of VP and 30mm above HP. The difference between the distances of P and Q above HP is 45mm. Draw the projections. Determine its true length and true inclinations with HP and VP. (15) July 2003 3.11. A line PQ, 90mm long, has end P 10mm above HP and 15mm in front of VP. The top view of the line measures 75mm while its front view is 70mm. Draw the plan and elevation of the line and find its true inclinations with HP and VP. (15) September 2000 3.12. The front view of a line AB, 12.5cm long, is 7.5cm and its top view is 10cm long. Its end B is 3cm from both the principal planes. Draw its projections and find its inclinations with the reference planes. 3.13. Draw the projections of a line AB, 90mm long, its midpoint M being 50mm above HP and 40mm in front of VP. The end A is 20mm above HP and 10mm in front of VP. Find the inclination of the line with VP and HP. (15) February 2002

PROJECTIONS OF LINES

3.2

CAED

3.14. The midpoint of a line AB is 60mm above HP and 50mm in front of VP. The line measures 80mm and is inclined at 30 to HP and 45 to VP. Draw the top, front and left views of the line. Measure the distance between the end projectors parallel to the XY line. (15) August 99 3.15. The front view of a line is 80mm in length and makes 40 with the ground line. Its midpoint C is 60mm in front of VP and 60 mm above HP. Point A is 50mm in front of VP. Draw the top and front views of the line. Determine the true length and true inclinations of the line with the reference planes.

CAED

4.1

PROJECTIONS OF PLANES

4.1. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm has its plane inclined at 50 to HP. One of its sides is on HP and makes an angle of 25 with VP. Draw the projections. 4.2. A regular hexagonal plate of 30mm sides has one corner touching VP and the opposite corner touching HP. The plate is inclined at 60 to HP and 30 to VP. Draw the projections of the plate neglecting its thickness. (20) August 2003 4.3. A regular hexagonal lamina, of sides 30mm, is lying in such a way that one of its sides touches both the reference planes. If the lamina makes an angle of 60 with VP, draw the projections of the lamina. 4.4. A square plate of 40mm sides rests on a corner on HP with one of its diagonals inclined at 30 to HP and 45 to VP. Draw its projections. 4.5. The top view of a circle standing on a point on its rim appears as an ellipse of major axis 50mm and minor axis 30mm with its minor axis inclined at 30 to xy. Draw the projections of the lamina. (15) September 2001 4.6. A circular plate of negligible thickness and 50mm diameter appears as an ellipse in the front view having major axis 50mm and minor axis 30mm. Draw the top view of the plate when the major axis of the ellipse is horizontal. (15) January 2003 4.7. Draw the projections of a circular plate of 50mm diameter resting on HP on a point A on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 45 to HP and the top view of the diameter AB making 30 with VP. 4.8. Draw the top and front views of a circular lamina of diameter 50mm which is resting on the ground such that the surface of the lamina makes 40 to the ground and the diameter through the point on which the lamina rests is inclined at 40 to VP. (15) July 2002 4.9. Determine the true shape of the figure, the top view of which is a regular pentagon of 35mm sides, having one side inclined at 30 to xy line and whose front view is a straight line making an angle of 45 with xy line. 4.10. An isosceles triangular plate has base 50mm long and altitude 70mm. It is placed on HP such that in the front view it is seen as an equilateral triangle of 50mm sides with the side that is parallel to VP inclined at 45 to HP. Draw its top and front views. (15) August 99 4.11. A rectangular lamina of size 60mm x 90mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The lamina is rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The edge on which the lamina rests is parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its projections and find its inclinations with HP and VP. 4.12. A rectangular plane ABCD of 70mm and 40mm has its shorter side AD on HP and inclined at 30 to VP. Draw the projections of the plane, if the surface is inclined to HP such that the top view appears to be a square of the shorter side. Find the inclination of the plane with HP. 4.13. A rectangular plate, 80mm x 60 mm, is resting on HP. It is tilted about one of its shorter edges, which is parallel to VP in such a way that the front view appears as a square of 60mm sides. Draw the projections of the plate and find its inclination with HP. 4.14. A rectangular plate, 70 x 40 mm has one of its shorter edges in the VP inclined at 40 to HP. Draw its top view if the front view is square of side 40mm. (15) February 2002

PROJECTIONS OF PLANES

4.2

CAED

4.15. A pentagonal lamina of side 30mm is having a side in both HP and VP. The surface of the lamina is inclined at an angle of 60 with HP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina. 4.16. A pentagonal lamina of sides 30mm is resting on a side on HP, which is inclined at 45 to VP and the surface being inclined at 30 to HP. Draw the projections. (15) February 2002, July 2003 4.17. A pentagonal lamina of sides 50mm rests on the ground on one of its sides, which is inclined at 30 to VP. The surface of the lamina is inclined at 45 to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING

6.1

PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS

5.1. A hexagonal prism of base 40mm side and axis 80mm long has an edge of the base parallel to HP and inclined at 45 to VP. Its axis makes an angle of 60 with HP. Draw three views. (20) February 2002 5.2. Draw the projections of a hexagonal prism of side of base 30mm and axis 60mm long when resting with one of its longest edges on HP. Axis is inclined at 40 to VP. One of the rectangular faces containing the longer edge on which the prism rests is inclined at 30 to HP. 5.3. A right regular pentagonal prism of 30mm side of base and 75mm side is resting on one of its base corners on HP such that the base is inclined at 45 to HP. Two of the base edges containing the standing corner are equally inclined to HP. Draw the projections of the prism, if the axis is inclined at 30 to VP and the base being nearer to the observer. 5.4. A regular pentagonal prism lies with its axis inclined at 60 to HP and 30 to VP. The prism is 80mm long and has a face width of 25mm. One of the corners of the top face is nearer to the observer. Draw the top and front views of the prism. 5.5. A rectangular prism of base 30mm x 40mm and height 50mm stands on one of the longer edges of the base, such that the rectangular face containing the longer edge of the base on which it is standing is inclined at 40 to HP, the top view of the axis being inclined at 30 to xy. Draw the projections of the prism. (20) September 2000 5.6. A cube of 45mm edge is resting on one of its corners on HP with a solid diagonal perpendicular to VP. Draw its top and front views. (20) August 2001 5.7. A hexagonal pyramid of base 30mm side and axis 60mm long is lying on one of its slant edges in HP such that two of its triangular faces containing the slant edge are equally inclined to HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid, when the top view of the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45 and the base being nearer to the observer than its apex. (20) February 2000 5.8. A hexagonal pyramid of base of sides 30mm long and altitude 60mm is resting on one of its base edges on the ground. This edge makes 30 to the VP and the face containing this edge makes 45 to HP. Draw the projections. (20) February 2002 5.9. Draw the projections of a pentagonal pyramid having side of base 30mm and length of axis 70mm while resting on one of its triangular faces in VP and the edge of the base of that triangular face is at 45 to HP. 5.10. A right regular pentagonal pyramid of 30mm side of base and 72mm height is freely suspended from one of the corners of the base of the pyramid. Draw the projections of the pyramid if the vertical plane containing the axis is inclined to VP by 30 and the base being nearer to the observer, the centre of gravity of the pyramid lies on the axis 18mm from the base. 5.11. A triangular pyramid of height 60mm and base side 40mm long is resting with its apex on HP, such that one of the inclined triangular faces makes an angle of 30 with HP. Draw the top and front views of the pyramid when the top view of the axis makes an angle of 45 with VP.(20) August 2001 5.12. A cylinder, diameter of base 40mm and 70mm high, rests with one of its generators on the ground. The axis is inclined at 60 to VP. Draw its top and front views. 5.13. A right circular cone of base diameter 40mm and axis 60mm long rests on one of the arc points of base circle in HP such that the generator passing through the point is normal to HP and the axis makes an angle of 10 with VP, the apex being nearer to VP. Draw the projections of the solid. (20) February 2000 5.14. A cone of 60mm diameter and 70mm height rests with one of its generators on HP with its axis inclined at 30 to VP. Draw its top, front and right views.

PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS

5.2

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING

6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.7. 6.8.

6.1

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Draw the isometric projection of a hexagon of 40mm sides in horizontal and vertical positions. Draw the isometric projection of a pentagon of 45mm sides in horizontal and vertical positions. Draw the isometric projection of a circle of 80mm diameter in horizontal and vertical positions. Draw the isometric projection of a pentagonal prism of 30mm sides and 70mm height in a vertical position. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal prism of 30mm sides and length 65mm in the horizontal position. Draw the isometric view of a pentagonal pyramid of 35mm base side and height 85mm. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of 30mm base side and height 75mm. Draw the isometric view of a cylinder of 60mm height and 50mm diameter in the horizontal position. Draw the isometric projection of a cone of 60mm base diameter and height 80mm.

6.9.

6.10. Draw the isometric projection of a frustum of cone whose top diameter is 30mm and bottom diameter is 50mm and height of frustum being 40mm. 6.11. The frustum of a square pyramid of sides 40mm and 20mm and height 60mm rests on the centre of the top of a square block of side 60mm and height 20mm. the base edges of the frustum of pyramid are parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the solids. (20) July 2003 6.12. A square pyramid of base side 40mm and height 70mm rests symmetrically on a cube of edge 50mm which itself is placed on a cylinder of diameter 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the solids if the axes of the three solids are in a common line. (20) August 2002 6.13. A regular pentagonal prism of base edge 30mm and axis 60mm is mounted centrally over a cylindrical block of 80mm diameter and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combined solids. 6.14. A sphere of diameter 40mm rests centrally on the top smaller end of frustum of a hexagonal pyramid. The frustum of the pyramid has 25mm sides at the top, 40mm sides at the base and is 80mm high. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the solids. (20) March 2005 6.15. A sphere of 25mm diameter is placed centrally on a cylindrical block of base diameter 40mm and 25mm thick, which is in turn placed on a hexagonal prism of base side 30mm and axis 70mm long, when they are coaxial. Draw the isometric projection of the combined solids. (20) January 2004 6.16. A cylinder of 20mm diameter and height 25mm is placed vertically at the centre of the rectangular face of a hexagonal prism of 25mm sides and axis 60mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids. (20) March 2005 6.17. A cylindrical slab of 50mm diameter and 20mm thickness is resting on the ground and on top of this cylinder a cube of 30mm is resting coaxially. On top of this cube rests a square pyramid of side 20mm and height 40mm coaxially. Draw the isometric projection of the solids. (20) February 2003

6.18. A hemispherical vessel of diameter 90mm is placed centrally over a cylinder of diameter 60mm and height 75mm which in turn kept centrally over a square prism of base side 80mm and height 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids. (20) February 2002 6.19. Draw the isometric projection the combination of solids shown in Fig. 1. 6.20. Draw the isometric projection the combination of solids shown in Fig. 2. 6.21. Draw the isometric projection of the paperweight with a spherical knob at the top, the front view of which is shown in Fig. 3. All dimensions are in mm (20) August 2001

70

60 25 40 25

22

25

10 R

32 63

80

60 75 70

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

6.22. Draw the isometric projection of the object shown in Fig. 4, using the isometric scale. All dimensions are in mm. 6.23. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the solids shown in Fig. 5. All dimensions are in mm. (20) July 2003
S 50 Hexagonal pyramid of base 30mm 60 20 30 50mm SQ 25 45 70 75 20 75mm 30mm 15 SQ60 30mm

R 20mm, SPHERE

10mm 60

Cylinder of dia 30

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

6.24. Fig. 6 shows the front view of three solids, a cylinder, a square prism and a cut sphere placed one above the other with their axes coaxial. The dimensions shown are in mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids. (20) February 2000 6.25. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids shown in Fig. 7. (20) January 2004

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING

7.1

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

7.1. Draw the development of a cylinder of diameter 40mm cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and making an angle of 50 with HP and passing through a point in the axis 20mm below the top surface. 7.2. A pipe made of half circular and half square shape is cut as shown in Fig. 1. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the object. All the dimensions are in mm. 7.3. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the frustum of the cone shown in Fig. 3. 7.4. Draw the development of the lateral surface of part P of the cone shown in Fig. 2.
60 30

30
100

45

45

40 P

70

30 45 45

10 Fig. 1

20 Fig. 2

10

50 Fig. 3

7.5. A frustum of a pentagonal pyramid, base side 40mm and top surfacee side 20mm and height 50mm, is resting on HP on its smaller base, with one of its base sides parallel to VP. Draw the projections of the frustum and develop the lateral surface of the frustum. 7.6. A string is wound around the lateral surface of a pentagonal pyramid, base side 50mm and axis 80mm long, starting from one of its base corners and ending at the same corner. Determine the minimum length of the string and show it in the projections of the pyramid. 7.7. A hexagonal pyramid, base side 30mm and axis 70mm long, is resting with its base on HP and an edge of base is inclined at 40 to XY. It is cut by an inclined plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 40 to HP and passing through a point on the axis 30mm from the apex. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the bottom portion of the pyramid. 7.8. A frustum of hexagonal pyramid, bottom base edge 40mm and top surface edge 25mm, is resting on its base on the HP with one of the base edges perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections and development of lateral surface of the frustum.