Visual Complex Analysis Project 5

Ilian A. Deering 13 Nov 2012

Problem 1 Let C1 and C2 be two circles of radius 1, passing through the origin and with their centers on xand y-axis respectively. Determine the image of each circle under the mapping

z 2 . Sketch the resulting curves.

Solution: First, consider the following complex representation for a circle centered at the origin. . . Under the map we know that

Thus, we have that

and

Next, consider the given circle of radius 1 with centre at (1, 0). Then, in the complex plane it takes the following form: . It follows that in rectangular coordinates, this circle is described by the equation . Now, let question. Then, and , in order to obtain the following polar form of the circle in

and so, . Since we know the relationship between r and theta in the z-plane and R and phi in the w-plane, under the squaring map, we can make the following substitution in order to obtain the image of the circle: and Then . , and after squaring both sides we have that , by the half angle trigonometric identity; thus, is the image of the circle of radius 1 centered at (1,0) under the squaring map.

Similarly, we obtain the following result for the circle of radius 1 centered at (0, 1): . .

. , and after squaring both sides we have that , by the half angle trigonometric identity; and so . Figure 1 shows the two circles in the z-plane and figure 2 shows the image of the two circles under the mapping .

Figure 1 Circles in the Z-plane

Figure 2 Circles after the squaring map in the w-plane

Problem 2 Show that the mapping z

1 1 z + maps the circle | z |= r into an ellipse with center at 0 2 z

and semi axes a and b such that 2a = r + (1/r), 2b = r (1/r). Solution: Consider the mapping Since Thus, . .

is a circle of radius r, centered at the origin, we have that ; ; ; ; ;

Put

and

, then

and

as desired, for a

radius greater than 1. Moreover, and , which is the parametric form of an ellipse centered at the origin. Hence, the mapping in question maps a circle into an ellipse with centre at 0 and semi axes and as shown. However, solving for and we obtain the following: Thus, and

It follows that

, which

is the rectangular coordinates form of an ellipse. The following figure shows a circle and its image under the mapping in question for a radius 2 and a=5/4 and b=3/4.

Figure 3 Circle of radius 2 centered at the origin and its image under the given mapping

Problem 3 Determine the image of the square ABCD with vertices at A(1,1), B(-1,1), C(-1,-1) and D(1,-1) under the mapping z Solution: Considering the mapping we can obtain the image of z under f as follows:

sin z . Sketch the resulting image.

by the sum of two angles identity. The identities and Hence and Put so that and . yield the identities

. and yields the equation of an ellipse. we have that ; and .

Therefore, Similarly, if we let

and so

which is the equation of a hyperbola.

This pair of equations describes the image of z under f. However, since we are interested in what happens to the square ABCD with vertices at the intersections of the lines , and , by letting and we can see the transformation of A(1, 1), B(-1, 1), C(-1, -1), and D(1, -1) under f. Figure 1 shows the square ABCD and figure 2 shows what happens to ABCD after the mapping .

B (-1.298, 0.635) B (-1, 1) A (1, 1)

A (1.298, 0.635)

C (-1, -1)

D (1, -1)
C (-1.298, -0.635) D (1.298, -0.635)

Figure 1 ABCD square

Figure 2 Image of ABCD under the mapping f(z)=sin(z)