Common errors in PC and possible solutions

Problem 1 Solution MONITOR LED IS BLINKING Check all the connections like Monitor Cable, Data cables, RAM, Display Card , CPU connections. CONTINUOS THREE BEEPS Problem in RAM Connection. THREE BEEPS ( 1 Long 2 Short) Problem in Display Card Connection THREE LONG BEEPS PERIOD WISE Problem in BIOS or RAM (Basic Input Output System) CONTINUOS NON-STOP BEEPING Key Board Problem (I.e.; Some Key is pressed for Longer time) FDD LED IS GLOWING CONTINUOSLY Data cable to be connected properly (twisted cable). NO DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN AT ALL Hard Disk cable connected wrongly. Connect rightly seeing the Red mark (Faces power supply) and then Restart. POWER LED IS OFF a Check main power cord b Check S.M.P.S. c Check Mother Board connection SHOWING CMOS ERROR Replace 3 Volt battery of Mother Board . Set Original Settings Manually.(Refer CMOS Setup chart) Enter your search termsSubmit search form

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SHOWING FDD ERROR OR FLOPPY DRIVE IS NOT WORKING PROPERLY Check Power cord of FDD , Data Cables , set CMOS & Finally the Check drive. SHOWING HDD ERROR OR HARD DISK FAILURE a Check Power Cord b Check connection of HDD c Check Data cable Check Hard Disk parameters in CMOS or Auto detecting Setting Partitions d by Fdisk Command, then format it to set track 0. MOTHER BOARD HANGS DUE TO UNSTABILIZED POWER SUPPLY a Check S.M.P.S b RAM not functioning properly. c Software problem (due to using pirated software) d CPU fan not functioning properly. DANCING SCREEN a Check Display card connection b Virus Problem c Video Memory Problem SHAKING SCREEN a Earthing problem b Magnetic waves comes around. CPU CABINET SHOCK a Check Earthing b Check main power cord. NON-SYSTEM DISK ERROR a Floppy Drive having different disk (Non-Bootable Disk) OR CMOS Parameters for Hard Disk may not be set properly.

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b Hard Disk Partitions may not be created. c Hard Disk may not be formatted. Problem 17 Solution MISSING OPERATING SYSTEM The System files missing namely Ie; command.com} - User File IO.SYS & MS_DOS.SYS } - Hidden Files. These above three files required for Start up of the system that can be transferred by using SYS C: Command OR While the time of formatting by using Format c:/u/s MISSING COMMAND INTERPRETOR May the file Command.com is corrupted OR Infected by Virus OR Some one has Erased it. SHOWING I/O ERROR a The type of Hard Disk in CMOS may not be set properly. b Operating system used for formatting is not valid SHOWING DIVIDE OVER- FLOW MESSAGE a May some Directories or Files crash with other files. b Use CHKDSK/F or SCANDISK Command to correct it. HARD DISK MAKING NOISE WHILE PROCESSING a Unstabilized power supply. b Check for Loose Contact. c Do not use Y Connectors for Hard Disk. d It may create Bad Sector OR Weak Hard Disk. HARD DISK HANGS WHILE PROCESSING Check for Bad Sector by using CHKDSK or SCANDISK Command. If found format the Hard Disk and set Partition before that area.(This is the only procedure to use Hard Disk with Bad Sector) OR (To avoid Bad Sectors use Standard Power Supply) HARD DISK NOT DETECTED a Check Power Connector

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b Check Data Cables c Check Jumpers Problem 24 Solution PARTITION NOT SHOWN Operating System where the Hard Disk formatted is not supported with present Mother Board. For Eg: Hard Disk formatted with Pentium System will hide their partitions for 486 System. MMX/DLL FILE MISSING May the above files may be corrupted due to power failure or Virus. Make available above files from other Computer. OR Reinstall Windows 98 Operating System. (This procedure will not make any effect on existing Data). WINDOWS REGISTRY ERROR This will happen due to sudden ON/OFF of the system. Final solution is to Reinstall Operating System. DISPLAY COLOUR DOES NOT MATCH a Configure Display Card properly with their CD. The Standard setting for Windows is set it to 800x600 for better b performance. UNKNOWN DEVICE FOUND May the Driver utility is not provided with operating system . Insert Driver CD and install software for the above Device. (Every Device requires driver utility to set active.

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Software System Components A computer system consists of three major components: hardware, software, and humans (users, programmers, administrators, operators, etc.). Software can be further divided into seven layers. Firmware can be categorized as part of hardware, part of software, or both.

The seven layers of software are (top to bottom): Programs; System Utilities; Command Shell; System Services; User Interface; Logical Level; and Hardware Level. A Graphics Engine stradles the bottom three layers. Strictly speaking, only the bottom two levels are the operating system, although even technical persons will often refer to any level other than programs as part of the operating system (and Microsoft

tried to convince the Justice Department that their web browser application is actually a part of their operating system). Because this technical analysis concentrates on servers, Internet Facilities are specifically separated out from the layers.

Examples

The following are examples of each category:

Programs: Examples of Programs include your word processor, spreadsheet, graphics programs, music software, games, etc. System Utilities: Examples of System Utilities include file copy, hard drive repair, and similar items. On the Macintosh, all the Desk Accessories (calculator, key caps, etc.) and all of the Control Panels are examples of System Utilities. Command Shell: The Command Shell on the Macintosh is the Finder and was the first commercially available graphic command shell. On Windows, the Command Shell is a poorly integrated comination of the File Manager and the Program Manager. The command line (C:\ prompt) of MS-DOS or Bourne Shell of UNIX are examples of the older style text-based command shells. System Services: Examples of System Services are built-in data base query languages on mainframes or the QuickTime media layer of the Macintosh. User Interface: Until the Macintosh introduced Alan Kays (inventer of the personal computer, graphic user interfaces, object oriented programming, and software agents) ground breaking ideas on human-computer interfaces,

operating systems didnt include support for user interfaces (other than simple text-based shells). The Macintosh user interface is called the Macintosh ToolBox and provides the windows, menus, alert boxes, dialog boxes, scroll bars, buttons, controls, and other user interface elements shared by almost all programs. Logical Level of Operating System: The Logical Level of the operating system provides high level functions, such as file management, internet and networking facilities, etc. Hardware Level of Operating System: The Hardware Level of the operating system controls the use of physical system resources, such as the memory manager, process manager, disk drivers, etc. Graphics Engine: The Graphics Engine includes elements at all three of the lowest levels, from physically displaying things on the monitor to providing high level graphics routines such as fonts and animated sprites.

Human users normally interact with the operating system indirectly, through various programs (application and system) and command shells (text, graphic, etc.), The operating system provides programs with services thrrough system programs and Application Program Interfaces (APIs).
Components of a software system:

Network and Internet Services Internet TCP/IP server choices tuning web servers DHCP print serving file serving FTP SAMBA Mail Transport Agents (e-mail servers) Majordomo application serving Hardware Level of Operating System basics of computer hardware processor arithmetic and logic control

main storage external storage input/output overview input output processors CISC RISC DSP Hybrid processes and jobs general information linking loading run/execute buses kinds of buses bus standards memory main storage external storage buffers absolute addressing overlay relocatable software demand paging and swapping program counter relative base pointers indirection, pointers, and handles OS memory services memory maps PC-DOS and MS-DOS memory map MS-DOS TSR memory map Mac Plus memory map Mac Plus video memory locations Mac Plus sound memory locations low memory PC-DOS and MS-DOS low memory BIOS Communication Area

Reserved Inter-Application (User) Communication Area DOS Communication Area character codes Logical Level of Operating System file systems files Resource Manager cut and paste Graphics Engine Font Management User Interface command line user interfaces graphic user interfaces Aqua Common Desktop Environment IRIX Interactive Desktop Macintosh ToolBox Motif Visual User Environment WorkBench XFree86 spoken user interfaces screen shots AmigaOS screen shots BeOS screen shots Mac OS 8 screen shots Mac OS X screen shots MS-DOS screen shots NeXT screen shots OS/2 screen shots Windows 3.1 screen shots X Window screen shots Event Management Windows Controls Menus Text Display and Editing

Dialog Boxes Alerts System Services Command Shell command line command shells DCL DOS JCL UNIX shells scripting graphic command shells screen shots System Utilities Programs Desk Accessories