FINANCING THE VENTURES

I. CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

A. INITIAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Summarizing activities to be done in start of the business. These

investments used for long-term use e.g. furniture, land, equipment,

B. OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Estimating the money to be used to be ready for a certain amount of

period so that the investment will be back.

C. ORGANIZATIONAL COST (REGISTRATION, ETC.)

Everything about registration matters

Needs to be done in start of the business so that the business will be

legal

II. SOURCES OF CAPITALS

A. SHORT-TERM VS. LONG-TERM

Short-term is less than a year and this falls into debt financing. It is
easy to pay but has high interest.

Midterm is 1-3 years

Long-term is more than 3 years and has lower interest.

B. DEBT- EQUITY FINANCING

Debt-equity financing is funding your business through debts or

borrowing money e.g., banks, family, friends,

Funding from your own money e.g. savings, sales of assets, credit
card, pawning.

III. MANAGING THE FINANCIAL ASPECTS

 A. I.P.O

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

“The higher the rate, the higher the risk”

“Delaying the payments, accelerating the collections”

PRODUCTION AND PRICING

I. CONCEPT OF PRODUCTION

The same as operations management

A. IPO CONCEPT
QUALITY CONTROL
 FEEDBACK

B. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AREAS

Areas such as operations, financial, public relations, marketing,

purchasing department are interrelated and connected.

PRICING PRODUCTS/SOURCES AND CONCEPTS

A. PRICING TECHNIQUES 1.Cost-based

2.Promotional 3.Competition

B. PRICE STRUCTURES Cost-based has direct cost

and indirect expenses
.These has allocation to
overhead

C. PRICING PRINCIPLE

PACKAGING

A. PURPOSE
WASTE MANAGEMENT

A. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AREAS 1.REDUCE 2.REUSE

3.RECYCLE
4.REJECTING

B. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

I. MARKETING CONCEPTS

Social and managerial process in determining the needs and wants of

consumers and customers in business

II. UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMERS

A. CUSTOMER VS THE CONSUMERS

B. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

Looking and studying your market

Customers
Customers

(Needs and wants) (Products)

Marketing do not revolves only on selling but also in giving the needs
and the wants.

Needs- State of deprivation

Wants- choosing from the needs

Market- group or set of potential and actual buyers

III. MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS

1.segmentation
 A. MARKET S.T.P 2. targeting

3.positioning

B. MARKET RESEARCH

Analyzing your market e.g. interview, survey, library, Internet

C. MARKET ANALYSIS

Information used to make your strategies

IV. CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION

A. PURPOSE

To reach the customers

B. TYPES OF CHANNELS

Direct channels- zero level

Indirect channel

C. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

One-level

Multi-level

V. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS

A. ADVERTISING PRINCIPLES

Way of informing public about the product

1) TYPES OF ADVERTISING

2) IMPACT OF ADVERTISING

B. PROMOTIONS

1) TYPES OF PROMOTIONS

Advertising

Sales promotion
 Direct marketing

Public relations

2) IMPACT OF PROMOTIONS

Increase sales