White Light Emitting Diodes (LED) replaces HID lamps in street lighting system to include dimming feature.

A microcontroller of 8051 family is used to control the intensity by developing pulse width modulated signals that drives a MOSFET to switch the LEDs according to achieve desired operation.

In the present system, mostly the lightning up of highways is done through High Intensity Discharge lamps (HID), whose energy consumption is high. Its intensity cannot be controlled according to the requirement so there is a need to switch on to an alternative method of lightning system i.e., by using LEDs. This system is build to overcome the present day drawbacks of HID lamps. This system demonstrates the usage of the LEDs (light emitting diodes) as the light source and its variable intensity control, according to the requirement. LEDs consume less power and its life time is more, as compared to the conventional HID lamps. The more important and interesting feature is its intensity can be controlled according to the requirement during non peak hours which is not feasible in HID lamps.

A cluster of LEDs are used to form a street light. The microcontroller contains programmable instructions which controls the intensity of lights based on the PWM (Pulse width modulation) signals generated. The intensity of lights are kept high during the peak hours, as the traffic on the roads tend to decrease slowly in the late nights, the intensity also decreases progressively till morning. Final it completely shuts down at morning 6, and again resumes at 6pm in the evening. The process is repeated.

This concept in future can be enhanced by integrating it with the solar panel, which converts the solar intensity into corresponding voltage, and this energy is used to feed up the highway lights.

Introduction to Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control To Save Energy Project: In this paper we present a new concept on controlling the street lights intensity based on the density of the traffic, our main objective is to save the un-used energy electrical energy in street lights management, we cant control the intensity of conventional High intensity discharge lamp (HID) using in present situations, so in order to control and regulate the light intensity now a days LEDs are replacing these ordinary discharge lamps, implementing pulse width modulation technique in sensing the densities of the moving vehicles, as the number of vehicles are high then the corresponding intensity of the light in that particular lane is maintained high and vice versa; this dynamic approach in varying the light intensity minimizes the wastage of electrical energy. This entire operation is controlled by micro controller in which the entire scenario is programmed and stored.

Everywhere throughout the world at present humans are deeply poised by the comforts provided due to the advancement of technology in each and every aspect, in the development of the virtual mechanisms embedded systems are playing an vital role in controlling and coordinating various systems by the help of micro controllers and micro processors, these embedded systems are the micro controller based real time control system operated using specified software.

Coming to description of our project the proposed system consists of an AT89S52 Microcontroller, white light emitting LEDs, light dependent resistors (LDR), Rectifier, Filter, with an primary step down Transformer (230 12 V AC), and a Voltage Regulator (LM 7805), initially the 230v ac from the supply mains is to be stepped down to 12 v and this 12v

output from the transformer to be rectified in 5v dc using an bridge rectifier, in order to achieve regulation an voltage regulator is provided, the total assembly and operation is clearly explained in coming sections.

Our project is experimentally verified and the results revealed that this system is applicable in real time controlling, with less complexity, low power consumption maximum reliability, applicable in traffic control systems.

Block Diagram

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Transformer, Diodes, Capacitors, Resistors, LEDs, 8051 series Microcontroller, White LEDs, Mosfet, Crystal. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler Language: Embedded C or Assembly.