International Journal of Electrical Engineering OF ELECTRICAL 0976 6545(Print), ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL and Technology (IJEET), ISSN ENGINEERING

G 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)

ISSN 0976 6545(Print) ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 102-109 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijeet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.2031 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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A REVIEW ON CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER FED AC DRIVES AND MULTILEVEL CURRENT SOURCE INVERTERS: PART -2: MULTILEVEL CSIS
Vinesh Kapadia1 and Dr.Hina Chandwani2 1 Research Scholar at CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat & Assistant Prof. Dept of E.C., VBTIT & RC, Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
2

Associate Professor, Dept of Electrical Engineering, The M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara, India E-mail id: - be_049_11_head@gtu.edu.in, hinachandwani@gmail.com

ABSTRACT This Paper (Part-2) presents an overview of the development of Multilevel Current Source Inverters (MCSI) over the years. Significant work has been done on Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters (MVSI) and that too for various applications. Here the various developments of MCSI that have taken place for more than seven years has been accounted for. The stages of developments and recent trends of applications have also been accounted for and a convergence on the future scope of work along with part-1 on combining both domains (CSI fed AC Drives) has been concluded. Index Terms: Multilevel Current Source Inverter (MCSI), Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter (MVSI), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), PWM, THD, VSI, Weighted Total Harmonic Distortion (WTHD) I. INTRODUCTION OLTAGE source inverters are very common and in wide use. Though the current source vinverter dates back to earlier than 1988, but its application was not as widely used as compared to a voltage source inverter (VSI). An approach here is made to show the advances in
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CSI based ac drives and on multilevel topology for CSIs. It will be concluded that the multilevel topology for CSI based ac drives has not been touched upon. II.
ADVANCES IN MCSI

TABLE I Advancements in MCSI Title Multilevel Current Source Inverters with Phase Shifted Trapezoidal PWM A 6 switch single phase 5 level CSI A new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter New Generalized Multilevel Current-Source PWM Inverter with No-Isolated Switching Devices Reference Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005. PESC '05. IEEE 36th Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2006 Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A , 2006 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2009. PEDS 2009.

Five-Level Current-Source Inverters With Buck IEEE Transactions On Industrial Boost and Inductive-Current Balancing Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 8, August 2010 Capabilities A Different Multilevel Current-Source Inverter IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 8, August 2010 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (proposed for publication)

Multilevel Current Source Inverter with FPGA Control

Before the year 2010, not much work was done on multilevel CSI and 2005 Multilevel Current Source Inverters with Phase Shifted Trapezoidal PWM [1] was proposed, a new seven-level current source inverter for super high power (>20MW) ac drives was developed. The proposed drive system composed of an 18-pulse SCR rectifier feeding three bridge current source inverters. To increase the power rating of the drive, the bridge inverters were connected in parallel at their outputs. To minimize the inverter output current THD and WTHD, a phaseshifted trapezoidal PWM scheme with a maximum switching frequency of 420Hz was proposed. The effect of the phase shifting angles on the output current THD and WTHD were investigated and optimum values were selected. A low-power laboratory prototype with a DSP/FPGA controller was constructed.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

Fig-1 Block Diagram of the 7-level current source inverter There, afterwards in 2006, A 6 switch single phase 5 level CSI [2] was proposed and developed by properly simplifying the traditional 8-switch single-phase 5-level current-source inverter, and its operational principle was analyzed. Just like the problem of voltage-unbalance between different levels existing in voltage-source multilevel inverters, a similar problem of current-unbalance between different levels whether for the 8-switch single-phase 5-level current-source inverter, or for the new 6-switch 5-level current-source inverter also existed. A simple current-balance control method via DC current feedback was presented to implement the current-balance control between different levels. And to reduce the output current harmonics, PWM control technique was used. Simulation and experimental results showed that the new 6-switch topology operated correctly and that the balance-inductor could almost equally distribute the total DC current.

Fig-2 The new single phase 5-level CSI In the same year A new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter [3] was presented. It was developed by connecting three separate single-phase 5-level CSIs in series, and its operational principle was analyzed. There are two major problems existing in current-source multilevel inverters, one is the complex PWM control method (2-logic to 3-logic conversion) and the other one is the problem of current-unbalance between different levels.
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

Fig-3 Two kinds of three- phase 5-level CSIs. (a) With the neutral line; (b) Without the neutral line

A simple current-balance control method via DC current feedback was applied in each singlephase 5-level CSI cell to implement the current-balance control between different levels. And to reduce the output current harmonics, POD PWM control technique was used. Simulation and experimental results showed that this new three-phase 5-level CSI topology operates correctly.
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Three years later New Generalized Multilevel Current-Source PWM Inverter with No-Isolated Switching Devices [4] was proposed. Here a generalized circuit configuration of a new multilevel CSI with no-isolated switching devices was presented. All of the power-switches in the inverter were connected on a common-potential level. Hence, all of the power switches only need a single gate drive power supply without using isolated power supplies or conventional bootstrap techniques. This key feature is still valid even if the number of the power switches increases due to the higher number of the output current waveform levels. As a result, complexity of the gate drive circuit can be remarkably moderated. In addition, the multilevel CSI circuit was capable to operate at high switching frequency if required, because all of the power switches are connected on the common potential level. Five-level PWM inverter configuration, including its chopper circuit as DC current-power source circuits using small input inductors, was verified through computer simulations and experimental tests. The results showed the feasibility of the proposed topology with reducing the circuit complexity and physical size of the multilevel CSIs. 2010 and onwards.

Fig-4 Experimental test circuit of five- level CSI

In 2010 Five-Level Current-Source Inverters With BuckBoost and Inductive-Current Balancing Capabilities [5] was presented in which a number of five-level CSIs with voltage and current buckboost operating capability were used. In common, they operated by charging their dc-link inductors in series, before discharging the accumulated inductive energy to the load in an active state. Because of this series-charging process, self-balancing of the dc-link currents was always guaranteed within each switching period even if no external balancing hardware was added. By carefully coordinating for the null state to be inserted, the number of active switches needed at the dc front end can be reduced to one, and by further distributing the current smoothing functionality to the individual inverter bridges, no single large inductor is needed, implying that the inverters can operate with only a simple low-cost input voltage source. Modulation wise, the proposed CSIs could be controlled by the well-established phaseshifted carrier technique with only two additional linear references and a digital mapping logic needed.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

Fig-5 Schematics of elementary buck-boost-derived five- level CSI The inverter overall performances were confirmed in simulation and experimentally using a scaled-down laboratory prototype with satisfactory results obtained. In the same year A Different Multilevel Current-Source Inverter[6] was presented. Here a different method to build an MCSI, in a parallel connection was suggested. The converter was different compared to the previous published schemes. For a single-phase three-level CSI, six semiconductors and two inductors were used. The proposed idea can be extrapolated to threephase systems, but also, more levels can be added. The PWM employed considers just a single carrier instead of multiple carriers as in the traditional method. The reference is modified to fully modulate the converter.

Fig-6 Proposed thee-level CSI : Simplified converter A natural balancing method has been proposed, based on the redundancy of the converter to produce the same output with a different switching state; however, a simple controller was used to assure its operation. The simulation and experimental results have were presented.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

Finally in 2012 Multilevel Current Source Inverter with FPGA Control[7] was presented. A novel modular single-rating inductor MCSI topology was analyzed. The behavior of a seven levels, three modules arrangement was simulated showing outstanding conditions of load regulation, linearity, and dynamic response. An experimental prototype was designed and built. The performance of the constructed prototype strongly matched the simulated behavior due to a comprehensive construction of the simulation model and a careful design of the PCBs and layout. As a result of circuit topology and PSC-SPWM utilization, current balance was achieved in both main and sharing inductors, even under load and operating point changes.

Fig-7 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup The switching frequency was drastically reduced with a new state machine approach, taking the advantage of the three different zero-states of the topology. The topology adopted allowed operation with high efficiency by reducing the current through the inductors and the losses in the switches. III. CONCLUSION After a thorough review and studying of the various papers and the existing developments, there is scope for future work in multilevel current source inverters from the applications point of view and in conjunction with part-1 (of this paper), the possibilities of combining a Multilevel Current Source Inverter and AC Drives exist, especially for PMSM drives. Hence, thereby taking advantage of both the latest developments in PMSM drives and MCSIs and hence all possibilities to obtain better performance results.

IV. REFERENCES [1] D. Xu and B.Wu Multilevel Current Source Inverters with Phase Shifted Trapezoidal PWM, IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005. PESC '05, pp. 25402546. [2] Bao Jian-yu, LI Yu-ling, and Zhang Zhong-chao , A 6 Switch Single Phase 5 Level CSI, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A ISSN 1009-3095 (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online), 2006 7(6), pp. 1051-1055
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[3] Bao Jian-yu, Bai Zhi-hong, Wang Qing-song, and Zhang Zhong-chao , A New ThreePhase 5-Level Current-Source Inverter, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A ISSN 1009-3095 (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online), 2006 7(12), pp. 1973-1978 [4] Suroso and Toshihiko Noguchi New Generalized Multilevel Current-Source PWM Inverter with No-Isolated Switching Devices, International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2009. (PEDS 2009), pp. 314-319. [5] Feng Gao, Poh Chiang Loh, Frede Blaabjerg, and D. Mahinda Five-Level Current-Source Inverters With BuckBoost and Inductive-Current Balancing Capabilities, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 8, August 2010, pp. 2613-2622. [6] Nimrod Vzquez, Hector Lpez, Claudia Hernndez, Esl Vzquez, Ren Osorio, and Jaime Arau, A Different Multilevel Current-Source Inverter, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 8, August 2010, pp. 2623-2632. [7] Miguel Aguirre, Laura Calvino and Mara Ins Valla Multilevel Current Source Inverter with FPGA Control, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Volume: PP , Issue: 99 [8] Robert L. Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis, Pearson, First Edition 2012, ISBN 978-81-317-6476-3. [9] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics Handbook Devices, Circuits and Applications, Butterworth-Heinemann, Third Edition , 2011. [10] A. Joshi, G. K. Dubey, R. M. K. Sinha and S. R. Doradla , Thyristorised Power Controllers, New Age International Publishers, first edition 1986, reprint 2005, ISBN 0855226-190-X

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