EMERGENCY PLANNING

THINK PREVENTION

Requires the development of a procedure to identify all possible incidents, accidents, and emergency situations during normal and abnormal operating conditions

DEFINITION
EMERGENCY-unexpected event requiring prompt action, which beyond to normal day to day activity, in order to ensure the safety of the people, public, environment and equipment. This unplanned event can pose an actual or potential hazard to life, environment, facility, production and companys image. Type of emergency such as;
i. ii. iii. iv.

Fire Explosion Release of toxic gases Spillage of hazardous chemicals during storage, processing or transportation.

PURPOSE OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

Minimize risk and impact such as personal injury, property damage, damage to the environment and public.

Identify potential emergency situations

Develop, implement, and test plans to respond promptly and effectively to emergencies Continually improve emergency preparedness and response procedures

Meet legislative requirements (NADOOPOD 2004)

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TYPES OF ERP

ON-SITE ERP
Plan to deal with emergency that can cause damage to the worker and property inside the plan but will not pose a threat to the community outside the plant. Onsite emergency team can control the emergency with minimum response from emergency services. The manufacturer or employer of the site should develop this plan.

OFF-SITE ERP
Plan to control major emergency which has potential to cause serious injury or loss of life and/or of property and which tends to cause disruption inside the side and/or outside the side and to require the use of outside resources extensively. Ideally the local authority of the area should prepare the plan.

LEVEL OF EMERGENCY

SCOPE OF EMERGENCY

Level 1:

Can be dealt with by local department personnel Need to activate facility emergency response team; may need to evacuate site Full scale emergency requiring outside assistance; possible neighbourhood evacuation

Level 2:

Level 3:

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

Identify emergencies

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Map the hot spot

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

IDENTIFY EMERGENCIES

Identify emergencies

Review incident reports for past five years Check statistics on incidents and emergencies at other similar operations Review environmental aspects list for potential emergencies under abnormal operating conditions Gather a group of personnel representing each function in the organization to brainstorm possible incidents and emergencies

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Map the hot spot

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

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POTENTIAL EMERGENCIES

Fire, explosion Gas leak, spill Natural disasters - lightning, earthquake, flood, extreme weather Tank, dam, equipment structural failure Electric power or gas cut Crash, collision Sabotage, vandalism, terrorist attack, riot, bomb threat, hostage incident
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POTENTIAL HOT SPOTS

Identify emergencies

Hazardous chemical storage Hazardous waste storage Bulk oil and fuel tanks Process start-up and shut-down High pressure vessels

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Map the hot spot

Rail and road tankers, ships

Unloading, shipping points Waste treatment facilities Storm water drains

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

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MAP THE HOT SPOTS

Locations, types, amounts of chemicals, gases, fuel, oil onsite Location, volume, age, secondary containment, inspection history of storage tanks Unloading, loading, transfer points for chemicals, fuel, oil Storm water run-off paths

Identify emergencies

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Map the hot spot

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RECEPTORS

Identify emergencies

Identify sensitive local, regional areas:

Residential, industrial, agricultural, fishing, recreation areas Drinking water sources Environmentally sensitive areas, nature reserves, endangered species Cultural, heritage sites

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Map the hot spot

Record prevailing wind direction in preparation for a gas leak

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

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EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

Identify emergencies

Identify types, quantities, and storage locations of emergency equipment and supplies:

Identify potential hot spot of accident

Fire fighting equipment - hoses, extinguishers, blankets, foam Escape respirators, gas masks, self contained breathing apparatus Protective gloves, goggles, suits Spill absorbents, containment booms, neutralising chemicals Mobile emergency equipment

Map the hot spot

Identify receptor of possible accident

Identify existing safety equipment

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A KEY FACTOR IN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

OVERVIEW OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

In characterising potential emergencies and minimising risks, there must be an Emergency Response Plan covering:
Procedures (i.e., roles, responsibilities, reporting relationships, resources, activities, records) for responding to the various types of emergencies identified Post instructions around the site Define the chain of command Response plans for various emergencies

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MORE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ERP

Evacuation of facility personnel Identify primary and secondary evacuation routes and safe assembly points on site map Post maps at various locations on the site Evacuation of neighbourhood Notification of local residents, other neighbours, external emergency agencies: police, fire, ambulance, doctors, hospital Identify escape routes, responsibilities

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YET MORE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Reporting requirements and responsibilities

Internal: within the facility and organization External: to government, neighbours, media Includes safe disposal of contaminated absorbents and other materials

Site clean up, remediation plan

Emergency response team debriefing

Procedure for assessing effectiveness of emergency response actions Recommendations for improvement

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ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Incident investigation

Roles, responsibilities, and process Root cause analysis Corrective and preventive actions Records of the incident and emergency response Revision of procedures to prevent recurrence

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FINAL SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Drills to test emergency response procedures

Schedule drills regularly to simulate various types of emergencies After a drill, emergency response team reviews effectiveness of procedures Revise response procedures when necessary Hold periodic evacuation drills for entire site

Periodic review/revision of, and distribution list for, Emergency Response Plan
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Fire

EX: FIRE RESPONSE PLAN

Fire department/ call 999

Alarm trigger Major

Degree of fire Minor All evacuate using stairway

Assemble at the assembly point

Not enough

Headcount Enough Report to Head of Marshall

Continue rescue by BOMBA/ rescue team

No

Safe Yes Dismiss