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PRESENTED BY :-
Nazan Habib
Zeeshan Khan Malghani
Shiza Tareen
Faisal Ghafoor
2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
"Water is the driver of Nature"
3
Government for there corporation and we are grateful to sir
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this analysis was to examine the water
supply and sanitation system of Quetta city which is a very
important issue for health and hygiene. Our Analysis
included a review of current situation of water supply and
sanitation and performance of our Government Authorities
.and efforts of our Non governmental Organizations
The major findings indicate that the current performance of
Water supply and Sanitation Governmental Authorities is not
satisfactory At present a large number of federal and
provincial government institutions have responsibility for
studying, monitoring, protecting and developing the water
resources of the Province and the Quetta valley. There are
seven different agencies responsible for the supply of
domestic water to Quetta city alone. But the Agencies has
yet to develop the capability to fulfill it’s duties,
particularly in respect of groundwater resources and
domestic water. Special attention should be given to
Sanitation and Solid Wastes.
There is no water treatment plant in Quetta. Waste and
untreated water drains into r the fresh sources of water.
The increasing use of insecticides, pesticides, herbicides
and chemical fertilizer in farms is also causing pollution
4
to subsoil water resources damaging the ecosystem of Quetta
City. Water Sources are not properly utilized and wastage
of water through leakages etc is an important issue and
unsatisfactory work of the government department is also a
hindrance for the water development in Quetta
♦ INTRODUTION 9
♦ Quetta City 10
♦ Demography 10
♦ Present Urbanization 10
♦ Water Supply and sanitation 10
ANALYSIS
11
♦ WASA
11
♦ Mission Statement of Wasa
12
♦ Functions of wasa
13
♦ WATER SUPPLY QUETTA
13
♦ Drinking Water
14
♦ Standards of Quality Drinking Water
15
♦ Physical Parameters
o Color of water………
o Taste and Odor
o Turbidity
o pH of drinking water
♦ Water Quality at a glance 16
♦ Drinking water Supply Administration 16
♦ Water Supply by different departments in 17
Quetta
o WASA
o QDA
o MES
o Pakistan Railways
5
o PHED schemes
♦ SANITATION
♦ QUETTA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
♦ CANTONMENT
♦ SCAVENGERS
♦ Public Health Engineering (PHE) Department
♦ Private Sector Participation in Sanitation
♦ GO/NGO/Private Enterprise, etc. involvement in
Water Development
♦ Rular Areas of District Quetta
♦ Disposable Human Waste
♦ SANITATION AT A GLANCE:-
♦ Wastewater Treatment
♦ Solid Waste Management at a Glance
♦ CRITICISM
6
♦ Some facts and figures
♦ Current water supply and demand and
distribution losses
♦ Current Supply and demand
♦ So what does this means
o There are lots of challenges
o Specific Issues in Water Supply Quality
o Specific issues in Sewerage/ Drainage
o Specific issues in Solid Waste Management
o Other Critical issues
♦ SUGGESTIONS
♦ CONCLUSION:
♦ FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
♦ Introduction
♦ Overview of the Financial S'
♦ Revenue
♦ Total Operating revenue
♦ Expenses
♦ Budget for the fiscal year 2006-07
♦ Budget of project
♦ Reciepts and expenditure issues
♦ Revenue resources 2007-2008 detail
reciepts
♦ Budget Summary
♦ REFERNECES
♦ Other reference
♦ APPENDIXES
♦ Appendix 1
♦ Appendix 2
7
♦ Appendix 3
♦ Appendix 4
♦ Appendix 5
♦ Appendix 6
♦ Appendix 7
INTRODUCTION:-
8
Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of
various qualities to different users. Irrigation is covered separately. Water supply systems
get water from a variety of locations, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water
(lakes and rivers), conservation and the sea through desalination. The water is then, in
most cases, purified, disinfected through chlorination and sometimes fluoridated.Once
water is used, wastewater is typically discharged in a sewer system and treated in a
wastewater treatment plant before being discharged into a river, lake or the sea or reused
for landscaping, irrigation or industrial use (see also sanitation) Many of the 3.5 billion
people having access to piped water receive a poor or very poor quality of service,
especially in developing countries where about 80% of the world population lives. Water
supply service quality has many dimensions: continuity; water quality; pressure; and the
degree of responsiveness of service providers to customer complaints. Continuity of
water supply is taken for granted in most developed countries, but is a severe problem in
many developing countries, where sometimes water is only provided for a few hours
every day or a few days a week. It is estimated that about half of the population of
developing countries receives water on an intermittent basis. There are some Basic issues
related to Water Supply and Sanitation.
1. Access to safe water and sanitation and solid waste disposal are basic human rights1.
They are an essential component of primary health care and are important for poverty
alleviation. Provision of safe water supply and sanitation services are an effective health
intervention that reduces the mortality caused by water-borne diseases by an average of
65% and the related morbidity by 26%. Inadequate sanitation and water result not only in
more sickness and death, but also in higher health costs, lower worker productivity and
lower school enrolment.
2. Balochistan has the lowest water and sanitation indicators in Pakistan. The poor are
particularly vulnerable in this context. The urban poor spend a disproportionately large
part of their income buying water from vendors while in rural areas fetching water from
long distances is the responsibility of women and children. Inadequate sanitation
facilities lead to a prevalence of disease especially among the poor who, as a result,
spend a significant proportion of their income on requisite medical care. Insufficient
attention to wastewater treatment and disposal is also causing severe environmental
problems in the province.
3. Recognizing the need for improvements in water and sanitation service coverage, the
Balochistan Poverty Reduction Strategy has recommended: i) a policy shift focusing on
low cost technology and sustainable model; ii) capacity building of district and sub-
district functionaries vis-a-vis their new roles and responsibilities; and, iii) replication of
successful low cost interventions with community involvement. The problems
confronting the sector can only be addressed adequately within the framework of a
comprehensive water and sanitation sector strategy. The Government of Balochistan has
therefore prepared a strategy to provide framework for the water and sanitation sector
QUETTA CITY:-
9
It is the largest city and provincial a desputed area in pakistan capital and district of
Balochistan Province, Pakistan.The city is the provisional and district headquarters and is
an important marketing and communications centre between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Situated at an elevation of 1676–1900 meters above sea level in west Pakistan, Quetta is
also known as the fruit basket of Pakistan.[
Demography:-
According to the 1998 census Quetta was the ninth biggest city of Pakistan with a
population of 565,137 (however according to non-governmental census the population of
Quetta along with Afghan immigrants is over 1,500,000). The city in general is
dominated by a Pashtun majority, a Balochi and Hazara minority with an eclectic
smattering of smaller groups. However the city is also a home to thousands of Afghan
immigrants. The Pushto, Balochi, Persian (Hazaragi dialect), Brahui, Sindhi, Punjabi and
Urdu languages are spoken in large parts of Quetta, giving the city a very multicultural
feel.
10
WASA:-
WASA is an autonomous body working under City District Government Quetta headed
by the City Nazim Quetta, who is also the chairman of the board of Directors of WASA.
The Financial/Administrative control of the Authority is with the Managing Director.
Important Technical & Administrative Staff working under the Managing Director are as
under
o Director Administration
o Director Finance
o Director Revenue
o Director Technical
o XEN Sewerage
o Transport Officer
o Store officer
FUNCTIONS OF WASA:-
11
B-WASA, was created by Balochistan Act IX of 1989 after approval by the Provincial
Assembly and legislature published a Notification dated 27th September 1989 to show
that the bill passed by the Governor of Balochistan since this Authority was established
in 1989 for the purpose and functions reflected are as under:
(c) Establish, maintain and periodically revise as necessary, planning controls, design and
construction criteria and regulations for water supply sewerage and sanitation services for
the area to:
(d) Approve all proposed new, extension or rehabilitation works on the water supply,
sewerage and sanitation system in the Area whether owned and carried out by the
Authority. Government Departments or Development Agencies, private developers or
individual consumers.
(e) Monitor and control water resources in the Area, both surface and underground and
issue licenses for abstraction of water from such resources in the Area in accordance with
regulations made by the authority
(f) Take over ownership and responsibility for all services pertaining to water supply,
sewerage and sanitation for Municipal Corporation of cities, as defined in this Ordinance,
Quetta Development Authority and any other organization with the Area, except such
system controlled by the Cantonment Board of Pakistan Railways.
(g) Prepare and implement any other scheme assigned to the authority by provincial
Government.
(h) As appropriate, collect or recover rates, charges or fees for water supply sewerage and
sanitation services, including so far as practicable arrears thereof.
12
WATER SUPPLY QUETTA:-
Drinking Water:-
Water is a basic need, essential for human survival. Water is supplied through different
sources: tube wells, hand pumps, wells, karezes and springs. Tube wells by far have
become the major source of water supply, using P.V.C. pipes. These have an advantage
over iron pipes. The Public Heath Engineering Department (P.H.E.D) is using them for
distribution of water in rural areas of district Quetta. According to the estimates provided
by P.H.E.D authorities, 75 - 80% of the rural population has been provided with piped
drinking water facilities. These facilities have been provided at 72 densely populated
areas in the district. All the schemes run by P.H.E.D are piped schemes or tank schemes.
In the case of piped schemes, the number of beneficiaries is 75 - 80% of the total rural
population. The other way of providing water is through tanks: In this case, from the
source of water supply, water is transported through pipes and stored in a tank from
which the members of community get water.
13
STANDARDS OF QUALITY DRINKING WATER :-
14
Health and National University of Science and Technology. The team members are
working on different aspects of water quality and provision of safe water to the
population of Pakistan. The Ministry of Health is playing its due role in the overall effort
of the Government of Pakistan in provision of safe drinking water to the entire
population of the country as a safeguard against water borne diseases. The valuable
partnership of WHO is deeply appreciated. <21>
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
COLOUR OF WATER
WHO STANDARD: Colour is detectable in a glass of water above 15 True Colour Units
(TCU). Levels of colour below 15 TCU are acceptable to consumers. No health-
based guideline value is proposed for colour in drinking water.
:TURBIDITY
.WHO STANDARDS: Most raw waters lie in the pH range of 6.5 to 8.5
15
WATER QUALITY AT A GLANCE
Water quality is only checked at the time of development of a new water supply scheme
and, there is no system for regular monitoring either at source or at the consumer end.
According to a national study on drinking water quality which included information
Quetta all the drinking water samples collected in the city 50% were contaminated with
.bacteria and were unsafe for human consumption
16
Water Supply by Different Departments in District Quetta
- 5 - 8 - 7 7 Non-functional
- - - - - 3 - Disputed WSS
1 22 7 20 8 72 87 Total
17
Shahbaz). They also supply water through their tanks to the citizens.
Pakistan Railway:-
In addition to the above mentioned institutions, Pakistan Railway is also running 20 tube
wells, out of them 12 are functioning. The water is supplied to all the railway colonies.
Post office, Telegraph and Telecommunication department, have their own tube wells,
providing water to 250 connections in Postal Colony, Quetta. It is worth mentioning that
the first tube well in Quetta was installed in 1891 by the Railway and is still functioning.
In all the cases the consumers who wish to get benefit from a PHED scheme (rural areas)
have to pay the cost of connection into their houses from the main connection. For those
schemes which have been handed over to the community, operation and maintenance is
the responsibility of the community. However, in case of major problems, PHED is
responsible.
PHED SCHEMES:-
The following constraints have been pointed out by the community, regarding PHED
schemes:
1. Excessive billing: bills, particularly the first come after a very long period
2. Some of the beneficiaries were not prepared to pay their share in the utility bills.
3. Some times the community as a whole refuses to pay. This is due to lack of social
responsibility and also due to the presence of certain vested interest group within
the community.
There have been many cases of illegal connections in the District. Women are not
involved in the administration of drinking water supplies. Although the costs of water
supply may be considerable, the benefits are higher:
1. Better health conditions due to disease-free water, hence prevention from certain
epidemic diseases
2. Saving in time (for fetching water)
3. More convenience for women and children.
Local government is not involved in the management of water supply.
18
WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS:-
The energy that the system needs to deliver the water is called pressure. That energy is
transferred to the water, therefore becoming water pressure, in a number of ways: by a
pump, by gravity feed from a water source (such as a reservoir or a water tower) at a
higher elevation, or, in smaller systems, by compressed air.
OWNERSHIP AND MAINTENANCE:-
These systems are usually owned and maintained by
local governments, such as cities, or other public entities,
but are occasionally operated by a
commercial enterprise ( water privatization).
PLANNING :-
Water supply networks are part of the master planning of communities, counties, and
municipalities. Their planning and design requires the expertise of
city planners
civil engineers,
19
CONSTRUCTION OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS:-
Construction occurs using the expertise of builders, called contractors, water
systems may have a loop or branch network topology, or a combination of both.
The piping networks are circular or rectangular. If any one section of water
distribution main fails or needs repair, that section can be isolated without
disrupting all users on the network.
QUETTA WATER SUPPLY SCHEME:-
A Quetta water supply Scheme was planned in June 1998 and it was
accomplished in June 2006
BUDGET:-
Budget allocted for the water supply scheme was
FEDERAL GOVT Rs845milllion ( of which only RS320 were released)
BALOCHISTAN GOVT released 51.6million
PROJECTS:-
Six projects were approved to overcome the shortage of potable water in Quetta
for sinking 31 tube-wells to replace the dried wells and 20 at new sites.
26 tube-wells had been installed, of which 13 were new and another 13
were replacements.
20 million gallons water per day by June 2006 through a modern water supply
system and it would be provided a proper sewerage system.
20
Water Supply at a Glance:-
• Quetta having a total of 2.2million population7. The water supply and sanitation
systems for the cantonment have been developed and are managed by the army
authorities. In Quetta city, the Quetta Water and Sanitation Agency (QWASA) is
responsible for the development and management of water supply and sewerage
systems.
• The PHED has developed water supply schemes in all CIty and according to the
BLGO 2001, the relevant district government is responsible for maintaining these
schemes.
• In about half the towns/urban settlements, groundwater is the source of water supply
while the rest obtain water from springs, canals/rivers and dams. In all the towns,
water is supplied intermittently and the quantity of water supplied is not known.as
there is no metering system either at source or at consumers’ end. The water quality at
the source is generally monitored at the time of source development while water
quality at the consumer’ end is rarely monitored. In most areas, water tariff is
collected from users by the PHED staff while in a few towns this task has been
contracted out.
Private Sector
Participation in Water
-:Supply
• The private sector has developed tubewells, particularly in Quetta, on private land
and, sells water to vendors who, in turn, sell it to households in tractors/tankers.
In both rural and urban areas, water is also often sold in drums loaded on donkey
carts. Bottled (mineral) water for drinking is available in almost all urban places.
• In urban areas private housing societies have developed their own water supply
system, and operate and maintain these through user charges. Similarly
government housing areas (railway colonies etc.) develop and maintain their own
system.
• . Since PHED does not have adequate staff for billing and collection of water
tariff, the private sector has been brought in for the collection of water tariff
through annual auction of collection rights
21
Ground Water Sub-Sector:-
In district Quetta, the quality of ground water varies from place to place. In most of the
places water is of good quality while in Balali, Mehtarzai, Samalani and Mallahzai the
quality of water is very poor (saline / brackish) and not potable. The chemical quality of
water can be established by chemical analysis. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O)
have set some standard parameters such as the quantity of calcium, magnesium, sodium
sulphate and nitrate etc., to differentiate potable water from non-potable. According to
the P.H.E.D authorities, the water found in most of the rural areas entirely satisfies the
criteria laid down by W.H.O. Water provided by MES is filtered and chlorinated.
22
Karez System:-
Karez is the most ancient and indigenous source of irrigation in Balochistan. It is a
tunnel, which taps subsurface aquifer following the slope of an alluvial fan. Generally
Karezes lie below the high hills adjacent to fertile levelled and virgin land. They
originate in the pebbly beds and
gravel mountains. Karez is a permanent source of water for daily domestic and irrigation
purpose.A mother well is dug to the aquifer at the head of karez system. Maintenance
wells are dug, along the length of karez up to daylight point ( the point at which water
emerges ). The course of wells and underground channel is usually straight. Average
length of karez is two to three miles. The province of Balochistan is surrounded by fertile
valleys and karezes. The areas are Quetta, Pishin, Zhob,Loralai, Kalat, Nushki,
Mekran.Karez water fulfills a number of community needs both agricultural and non-
agricultural. The water from karez is shared by many landowners whose socio-economic
conditions very much depends upon regular operation of karez system.
A karez is not only a perennial source of water but an established socio-cultural
institution which involves shared expectations and pattern of cooperation and conflicts. It
is a pivot around which different activities of community organisation, linked with social
status, placement in community
and identification of an individual.Among shareholders, the small landowners who do not
have access to alternate source of water (such as tubewells),have high expectations for
proper operation of karez system, because their socio-economic conditions are closely
associated with it. To improve the livelihood of small shareholders it is necessary to
delineate, elaborate and understand the social factors involved in the operation of karez
system.Findings of this study will be useful to irrigation planners and policy makers to
intervene the strategies for improvement
in karez system. There has been little sociological research conducted on karez system.
This study is both analytical and descriptive and is of explanatory in nature.
The major tools of data collection are direct observation,in-depth interviews with key
information and group discussion with shareholders.For historical, technical and
administrative descriptions of karezes in the province, the source is Gazetteers of
Balochistan and literature listed in References.
Karezes are owned individually or collectively. Individually owned karezes are operated
by single family shareholders whereas collectively owned karezes are operated by
different families, clans, tribal groups. Karez water is managed collectively by a single
nominee “Waterman” of co-partners or through a committee constituted of few
prominent shareholders.Land on karez is individually as well as jointly owned.This
ownership involves brothers, uncles, and nephews.The landowners employee tenants on
their lands according to their needs and convenience, on monthly wages or crop share.
23
No uniform pattern of tenancy exists. The watercourses are not cement lined. The main
watercourse is managed collectively where as branches are managed by individual
landowners.Efficient operation of a karez is directly linked with itsmaintenance and
cleanliness. Funds for maintenance are generated through sale of water, irregular grant
from the Govt.; or cash contribution by the shareholders.The inherited share of water is
received by shareholders through a cyclic system.
The rotation of this cycle depends upon number of shareholders and yield of karez.
Annually a meeting of shareholders is held to discuss the issues of management,
maldistribution of water, activities of Waterman, repair of watercourses, funds and
cleaning of karez. In meetings, although the power relations are already defined, but the
influential shareholders may veto a particular issue, over the wishes of numerical
majority.Manifest and latent disputes, among the shareholders are
24
SANITATION:-
The hygienic and sanitation conditions prevalent in the district are not satisfactory. There
are a host of reasons for this situation. The city has grown without proper planning,
therefore it lacks adequate sewerage systems. This is evident after heavy rainfall in
Quetta city, particularly at Zarghoon Road, Prince Road, Meconghy Road and Liaquat
Bazar. Due to lack of education, social and civic responsibilities, the general cleanliness
situation is poor. The existing facilities of toilet and drainage are quite inadequate. There
is no data available to show the waste disposal method of different households. However,
it has been observed that a growing number of households in the town have linked their
flush system with septic tanks. New housing schemes are all having flush systems. This
has been observed mainly in Jinnah, Shahbaz, Smungli and Chaman Housing Schemes.
However, the waste water from most houses is disposed of through open drainage
systems and then it moves outside the main town through Habib Nallah into Quetta Lora.
25
The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) was created in 1987. The main
objective of this Department was to plan, implement and manage water supply schemes
throughout Balochistan, excluding Quetta City. Among other objectives it was planned to
provide piped water in sufficient quantities to the households, for domestic use. It also
planned to improve the sewerage system and sanitary conditions. PHED is not yet
involved in sanitation works in Quetta city. The organigramme of Public Health
Engineering Department is given below.
Public Health Engineering Department Organigramme (appendix 5)
26
Sewerage 2%
Almost 2/3rd of the house hold in Quetta City have no proper toilet facilities and those
house holds which have a poor flush laterine or a septic tank do not dispose there waste
in a proper manner The muncipal corporation had more then 25 community laterines in
the city center out of which only 3 are provided with proper flush laterines while the
remaining are of dry pit type having defective or no washing facilities. As more then
60% of the city does not have proper sewerage system. Daily garbage collection is about
to 60 to 70 tons which is a fraction of some 600 tons produced daily. Much of this
garbage is spilled on roads because of insufficient equipments.
SANITATION AT A GLANCE:-
Only a part of Quetta city is being served by a sewerage system and this has been
developed and is maintained by the Quetta Water and Sanitation Agency (QWASA), who
is responsible for providing sewerage facilities. There are a mere 1,165 (1,102 domestic
and 63 commercial) sewerage connections in the entire city. In addition to the QWASA
sewerage system, the communities have constructed sewer lines in some parts of the city.
The sewerage network (especially the portions constructed by the communities) has not
been mapped by QWASA. Also, wastewater is discharged into the natural drains without
any treatment. The domestic sewerage fee is only 10% of the water fee and is billed in
the consumer water bills.
In a few towns sewerage/drainage systems have been developed by the PHED and are
maintained on crisis management basis by the TMAs
Wastewate
r
Treatment
At present there is no wastewater treatment plant for urban or rural areas. In urban areas
the wastewater generated from houses is discharged into street drains/ sewers and, in the
absence of street drains the wastewater remains stagnant in the street. The wastewater
generated from densely populated areas is discharged into natural drains without any
treatment.
27
Solid Waste Management at a Glance
Solid Waste
Management in
Quetta
In Quetta, solid waste collection, transportation and disposal is done by the town
municipal administrations of Chiltan and Zarghoon towns. The TMA of Chiltan town
lifts less than 50% of the solid waste generated while the rest is left lying in the streets
and or in unused plots of land. The collected solid waste is transported to the dumping
site located outside the city.
The private sector is participating in the recycling of household waste materials such as
paper, glass and iron. Vendors buy such material from households while scavengers
collect it from municipal waste dumps and sell it to the Kabari. .
28
CRITICISM:-
• Some estimates place Quetta's population at 3.1 million by the year 2025.
29
CURRENT WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Water Shortfall Project for Quetta based on static
water supply in Million of Gallon per day
DISTRIBUTION LOSSES
30
Water Supply and Demand 2006 MGD
Current Demand 26
Current Supply
20
(Net Supply (@ estimated 35% losses
8
• If we do nothing at all, our shortfall rapidly becomes much worse than it already
is
31
SO WHAT DOES THIS MEANS:-
•We do not see people dieing of thirst as yet, but we need to act now to conserve and
safeguard.
•Because water is essential to survival, people in the city work hard to find water and do
find it in the current scenario.
•Water is available through pipes, tankers, direct bores and connections to water mains
(mostly illegal) as well as through a variety of small private vendors.
•Water quality is often very poor and not controlled, and as a result, there are near-daily
reports of deaths due to water-borne diseases.
•Leakages and poor state of water and sewerage pipes means large scale contamination
•Domestic and municipal wastewater naturally degrades and eventually goes into Nala's
and there is no proper system for it.
•The waste takes several days to degrade naturally, meanwhile spreading filth and
disease.
•Due to the shortage of water supplied through pipelines, citizens resort to other sources.
32
•Many of these sources are contaminated with un-treated sewage, leading to deaths and
diseases.
•Sewage is mixed with industrial waste and finds its way into the other big nala's creating
Pollution.
• There are no municipal waste water treatment plants. Untreated waste water is
discharged in natural streams posing public health hazards.
• There is no data base and information system for the sector of water supply and
Sanitation.
33
• Construction quality of private contractor is week consequently communities are
reluctant to take over the scheme meant to be handed over to community.
• The electricity tariff charges on commercial basis depite is fact that water supply
is a public service. It should be subsidized as in case of agriculture tube wells .
• The allocation for operation and maintenance of water supply schemes are
inadequate. There is little regular and preventive maintenance. As a result the
schemes may become non functional.
• While the schemes are subsidized rates of electricity operated below design
capacity and there is little regular and preventive maintenance. As a result, the
schemes may become non-functional
b) There are leakages and losses in the water supply distribution network., the
quantum of which is not known due to an absence of bulk baler metering.
Furthermore, there is no leak detection program.
• There are no municipal waste water treatment plants. Untreated waste water is
discharged in natural streams posing public health hazards
.
34
SUGGESTIONS:-
#S ISSUES STRATGEY TO POLICY OPTIONS
ADDRESS THE ISSUES
1 Poor house holds have limited It is clear that most of the For poor consumers, who cannot afford
access to service particularly in population is in need of improved house connections, a spot source/stand
Quetta Kachi Abadis. water supply and sanitation post be provided in such streets/mohallas
facilities. Supplies will have to be of urban area.
provided with low cost solutions.
2 There is no data base and The process for establishment of Data should be available freely to public
information system for the a management information through a policy of data sharing through
sector system to be initiated at information technology within and
provincial, District, T.M.A level amongst all water supply & and
in order to enable to streamline Sanitation related organization NGO,
water supply and sanitation .Consultants etc
Development, Collection of
information and data from
agencies responsible for the
sector.
3 Identification of scheme to be The water supply scheme are Unified water supply and sanitation
developed in not demand/need developed with locally defined policy to be implemented in letter and
based. needs and capacities. sprit. Both the policies have been
35
formulated and under process of approval
36
7 Policy will be implemented by the
a) Mechanism for collection 1. To develop effective billing Provincial Government, local /
of users charges are in and collection system as in district Government, in accordance
adequate practice n other service with the Principles and measures
b) No water meters hence delivery department’s i.e spelt out in the policy.
water charges are not PTCL,GAS,and Telephone
consumption based. etc.
c) Recovery of O&M cost in 2. In township / Urban WS
government run WSS is which are run and maintained
almost non existent by Government, policy for
d) Water Tariff recovered is installation of water meters be
deposited in provincial introduced.
Government accounts thus 3. Mechanism to be evolved
not available for O&M that wate4r tariff collected
from consumer is utilized for
O&M of the scheme.
4. Privatization of Water Tariff
to be encouraged.
8 The electricity tariff charges Provincial Government to 4,000/- per Tube Well months to be
on commercial basis depite request the Federal fixed for water supply tube well. The
is fact that water supply is a Government for subsidizing case has already been taken up with
public service. It should be the electricity Tariff as per the Federal Government.
subsidized as in case of policy adopted for agriculture
agriculture tube wells Tube Wells.
10 While the schemes are Sufficient funds for 1- Subsidized rates of electricity be
subsidized rates of electricity electric tariff and P.O.L should fixed.
operated below design be made available. 2- Preventive measures should be
capacity and there is little • Enhancement of funds for taken for O&M subject to the
37
S.No Issues Stratgey to address the issues Policy Options
12regular Specific
and preventive
issues in water O&M.
Regular availability
water supply be taken of sufficient
Water O&M funds.
quality laboratories should be
maintenance. As a water
supply result,quality.
the and got tested. established in each district H.Q to
schemesThere
may become non-
is no mechanism for monitor the water quality of each
functional
monitoring water quality scheme constructed in the districts /
either at source or Tehsils.
11 System and consumer
Proceduresend. Facilitate in developing the a) Proper training of field staff
13 a) Specific
Technical issues O&M systems
in Sewerage
operation and Government
District procedures toresponsible
Wherefor there
O&Misofa scheme
water supply system
/ Drainage
andmaintenance through:
allocate budget for theshould besewerage
essential. /In this regard
drainage system is also
Sewerage
systems services
are not well are development sewerage system. O&M manuals for different
mandatory to benature of
established.
limited in urban
established areas and
( and not schemes should be formulated. O&M
almost
fullynon-existent
known by in rural • Undertake the staff be bound to follow the O&M
areas.
some technical staff) development of O&M manual / policy.
14 There
and arearenotno municipal
being Facilitate in the development
manual Public private sector partnership
waste water
followed. treatment
Hence, of wastewater plant through: should be encouraged to provide
O&Mplants. Untreated
standards arewaste o Budget allocation forb) Water meters should
municipal be water
waste installed at
/ sanitation
waterlowis discharged in purchase of land
• Initiate pilot leakfor points
treatment of bulk water supply and sub
infrastructure
natural streams posing plants
detection programme meter for consumers.
public health hazards o Technical design of
b) There are leakages treatment plan
and losses in the Budget allocation for the c) Under leak detection programme
water supply operation and maintenance upofto date / modern technology in
distribution treatment plant vogue should be used
network., the
quantum of which is
not known due to an
absence of bulk
baler metering.
Furthermore, there is
no leak detection
program.
38
CONCLUSION:-
39
is the involvement of the private sector on commercial basis and community participation
through awareness programmes
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS:-
-:Introduction
With the help of management of the Quetta Water and Sanitation Authority , and Quetta
district Government we offer readers of the financial statements this narrative overview
and analysis of the financial activities of the Quetta for the fiscal year ended June
.2006 ,30
REVENUE
The following is a summary of total revenue for. the reporting period. When reviewing
the following revenue line items, please refer to the Statement of Activities and Changes
in Net Assets
EXPENSES
40
Were higher then the last fiscal year due to the inefficancy of the Government agencies.
BUDGET OF PROJECT.
A. Water Supply Rs.3285.00 m
B. Enhancement of Recharge Measures. Rs. 300.00 m
C. Sewerage Project. Rs.2331.00 m
D. Drainage Project. Rs. 205.00 m
E. Miscellaneous. Rs. 100.00 m
F. Developement. Rs.1743.55 m
41
42
S.No. CURRENT RECEIPT B.E.
2006-2007
1.1 WATER CHARGES 3825.000
CAPITAL RECEIPTS
Govt. Aided Projects
ADP Program on Going Projects 1263.861.000
0.000
1.7 TOTAL RECEIPTS 7965.04
2 EXPENDITURE
2.1 ESTABLISHMENT 45.580
CONTINGENCIES
2.2
PETROL FOR VEHICLES 6.459
2.3
PRINTING AND STATIONARY 1.390
2.4 TELEPHONE 9.047
2.5
SOAP AND DUSTER 2.000
2.6 MEDICAL FACILITIES 10.500
2.7 VEHICLE RUNNING EXPENSES 9.285
2.8 LEGAL FEES 2.000
2.9 ADVERTISEMENT 4.500
2.10 PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL .150
2.11 TOURNAMENT FEES AND GAMES 0.200
2.12 EDUCATION HELP 1.000
2.13 HAJJ EXPENSES 1.500
2.14 FUNERAL CHARGES .300
2.15 BILLING AUTOMATION & REFERENDUM 3.150
2.16 UN FORESEEN CHAIRMAN POOL 5.000
2.17 UN FORESEEN M.D POOL 5.000
2.18 OFFICE CONTINGENCIES 3.828
2.19 MISCELLANEOUS 5.890
43
TOTAL CONTINGENCES 100.199 m
OPERATIONAL COST
44
2.49 DEVELOPMENT & IMPROVEMENT WORKS 480.800
2.50 LIABILITIES DEVELOPMENT WORKS (GOVT.AIDED) 0.000
2.51 DEVELOPMENTS WORK (GOVT.ADIDE) 1384.000
2.52 ADP PROGRAM ON GOING PROJECT 0.000
TOTAL DEVELOPMENTS 1743.55
45
BUDGET SUMMARY :-
46
REFERNECES:-
REFERENCES:-
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_District
2. prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/58-1.pdf
3. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&s
ectionid=4&id=48&Itemid=540
4. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3
37&Itemid=829
5. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3
39&Itemid=83
6. http://www.bdd.sdnpk.org/districts/quetta/water%20supply%20quetta.html
7. waterpakistan.com/StanderNationalDrinkingWaterStanderds.doc
8. www.balochistan.gov.pk/new%20folder/BDSSP/BDSSP-
Data/PHE/PHE%20Sector%20Strategy%20new.pdf
9. http://pakistan.saarctourism.org/pakistan-facts.html
10. www.quetta.gov.pk
47
11. www.dawn.com/2004/07/31/local.htm
OTHER REFERENCES:-
12. Water and Sanitation Authority Quetta (WASA)
APPENDIXES
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
48
Appendix 3
Physical
Chemical
49
PROPERTIES/PARAME GUIDELINE/STANDARD WHO STANDARDS
TERS VALUES FOR PAKISTAN
at source 0.5-1.5
P indicates that the limits given are provisional because the authenticated data is not available for the conformation of human health related
.effects with these constituents
Organic
Pesticides mg/L PSQCA No. 4639-2004, Page
No. 4 Table No. 3 Serial No. 20-
50
PROPERTIES/PARAME GUIDELINE/STANDARD WHO STANDARDS
TERS VALUES FOR PAKISTAN
as Phenols) mg/L)
Bacterial
Escherechia coli MPN 3 – 0
Coliform As above
Radioactive
Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi pCi 1 --
Beta emitters
Appendix 4
XEN
SDO SDO
51
S/E S/E S/E S/E S/E S/E
APPENDIX 5
Coverage Water and Sanitation Local Govt. Prov. Govt. Fed. Govt. NGO Internat. Private Entr.
Services Donor
Construction
x xxx - - xxx x
Management
x xxx - - - xx
Legend: - no involvement
x minor involvement
xx substantial involvement
APPENDIX 6
52
Source:- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
APPENDIX 7
2006 2007
ASSETS Note
Rupees Rupees
Non-current assets 03 20,272,541,1 21,231,213,4
Tangible fixed assets
Operating fixed assets 04 5,970,774,6 5,195,591,3
Capital Work-in-progress 05 5,395,978,5 5,185,260,9
Current assets -- ---55,395,978,5 5,185,260,9
Debtors 06 317,569,5 366,142,6
Advances, prepayments and other receivables 317,569,5 366,142,6
Cash at banks 07 632,342,3 954,086,0
Total====================> -- 285892060 332984368
------------------------------ --
RESERVES AND LIABILITIES -- ------- ----
Reserves -- ----- ----
Capital reserve 08 3,770,914,2 3,770,914,2
Accumulated Surplus / (Deficit) 5,540,379,0) (2,847,351,9)
53
(1,769,464,8) (923,562,2)
Current liabilities -- -- --
Current maturity of long -term loans 12 1,383,804,3 1,047,704,3
Short-term Deposits 13 407,064,5 391,881,3
Creditors, accrued and other liabilities 14 254,825,4 439,226,5
Total====================> 20456942 18788121
Contingencies and commitments 15 ------------- -----4f--------
-Total Liabilities and Reserves=======> ----
54
55