ipconfig ipconfig is a commmand line utility available on all versions of Microsoft Windows starting with Windows NT.

ipconfig is designed to be run from the Windows command prompt. This utility allows you to get the IP address information of a Windows computer. It also allows some control over active TCP/IP connections. ipconfig is an alternative to the older 'winipcfg' utility.

netstat

The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.

tracert The tracert command is used to visually see a network packet being sent and received and the amount of hops required for that packet to get to its destination. ARP Display or manipulate the ARP information on a network device or computer. FINGER The finger command available in Unix and Linux variants allows a user to find sometimes personal information about a user. This information can include the last

time the user logged in, when they read their e-mail, etc... If the user creates a .PLAN or other related file the user can also display additional information. HOSTNAME The hostname command displays the host name of the Windows XP computer currently logged into.

PATHPING Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP users. This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss. PING Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands. Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address. This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network. NBTSTAT The nbtstat MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT. NET The net command is available in MS-DOS and Windows and is used to set, view and determine network settings. NETSTAT

The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information. NSLOOKUP The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a domain or host on a network.

ROUTE The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer's route table. TRACERT and TRACEROUTE The tracert command in MS-DOS and Windows or the traceroute command in Unix and Linux and variants is another commonly used network command to help determine network related issues or slowdowns. Using this command you can view a listing of how a network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly causing your network issues. WHOIS The whois command available in Unix and Linux variants helps allow a user to identify a domain name. This command provides information about a domain name much like the WHOIS on network solutions. In some cases the domain information will be provided from Network Solutions.

WINIPCFG The winipcfg command available in Windows allows a user to display network and network adapter information. Here, a user can find such information as an IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, etc...

chkdsk Chkdsk is a utility that checks the computer's hard drive status for any cross-linked or any additional errors with the hard drive.

Diskcopy The diskcopy command is used to copy the entire contents of one floppy disk to another. The diskcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MSDOS.

Diskpart The diskpart command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions. The diskpart command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

The diskpart command replaced the fdisk command beginning in Windows XP. Diskperf The diskperf command is used to manage disk performance counters remotely. The diskperf command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Diskraid The diskraid command starts the DiskRAID tool which is used to manage and configure RAID arrays. The diskraid command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. Dism The dism command starts the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool (DISM). The DISM tool is used to manage features in Windows images. The dism command is available in Windows 7. Dispdiag The dispdiag command is used to output a log of information about the display system. The dispdiag command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. Doskey The doskey command is used to edit command lines, create macros, and recall previously entered commands.

The doskey command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MSDOS. Dosshell The dosshell command starts DOS Shell, a graphical file management tool for MSDOS. The dosshell command is available in Windows 95 (in MS-DOS mode) and also in MS-DOS version 6.0 and later MS-DOS versions that were upgraded from previous versions that contained the dosshell command. A graphical file manager, Windows Explorer, became an integrated part of the operating system beginning in Windows 95. Rsh The rsh command is used to run commands on remote computers running the rsh daemon. The rsh command is not available by default in Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available verify Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.

VERIFY [ON | OFF] Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.

RCP IN DOS

The RCP (Remote Copy Program) utility lets you copy files and directories between your DOS workstation and a remote host running the remote shell server, RSHD, and an RCP server program. The RCP server uses entries in the hosts.equiv or . rhosts files (on the remote host) to authenticate users. RCP does not prompt for passwords. To use RCP, remote host administrators must add your workstation IP address and username to their hostname database (/etc/hosts on UNIX systems

echo Echo is used to repeat the text typed in back to the screen and can be used to echo to a peripheral on the computer, such as a COM port.

About telnet Enables a user to telnet to another computer from the command prompt.

The availability of this command has only been listed as Windows 2000 and Windows XP because these are the only two versions of Microsoft Windows that support the telnet command from the command prompt (with additional switches). Additional information and help about using telnet from any version of Windows can be found on our telnet help page. About fc FC, or file compare, is used to compare two files against each other. Once completed, fc will return lines that differ between the two files. If no lines differ, you will receive a message indicating no differences encountered.

How to Install a Local Printer 1. 1 Go to Start Menu, Settings, Printers and Faxes.

2. 2 Double-click the Add a printer option in the Printers and Faxes folder.

3. 3 Click the Next button on the welcome screen of the Add Printer Wizard.

4. 4 Select local printer, and click the Next button on the Local or Network Printer page.

5. 5 Select a port from the drop-down menu, and click the Next button.

6. 6 Select the manufacturer and printer, and click the Next button.(You can also use Have a Disk option to add printer driver from a CD).

7. 7 Specify a name for the printer and settings for using the printer as a default printer, if you want to share the printer on the network. Click the Next button.

8. 8 Specify the settings for sharing the printer, and click the Next button.

9. 9 Specify the location and comment for the printer, and click the Next button.

10.10 Specify whether or not to print a test page, and click the Next button.

11.11 Click the Finish button.

configure TCP/IP To configure TCP/IP, follow these steps: 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet Connections, and then click Network Connections. 2. Right-click the network connection that you want to configure, and then click Properties. 3. On the General tab (for a local area connection), or the Networking tab (for all other connections), click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties. 4. If you want to obtain DNS server addresses from a DHCP server, click Obtain DNS server address automatically. 5. If you want to manually configure DNS server addresses, click Use the following DNS server addresses, and then type the preferred DNS server and alternate DNS server IP addresses in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server boxes.

File Encryption on windows 2000:-

EFS encryption: 1. Right-click the folder you want, and then click Properties. 2. On the General tab, click Advanced. 3. Click to select the Encrypt contents to secure data check box, click OK, and then click OK. 4. Click either Apply changes to this folder only or Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files as appropriate.

Installing the DHCP Service You can install DHCP either during or after the initial installation of Windows 2000 Server or Advanced Server, although there must be a working DNS in the environment. To validate your DNS server, click Start, click Run, type cmd, press ENTER, type ping friendly name of an existing DNS server in your environment, and then press ENTER. An unsuccessful reply generates an "Unknown Host My DNS server name" message.

To install the DHCP Service on an existing Windows 2000 Server: 1. Click Start, click Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click Add/Remove Programs, and then click Add/Remove Windows Components. 3. In the Windows Component Wizard, click Networking Services in the Components box, and then click Details. 4. Click to select the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) check box if it is not already selected, and then click OK. 5. In the Windows Components Wizard, click Next to start Windows 2000 Setup. Insert the Windows 2000 Advanced Server CD-ROM into the CDROM drive if you are prompted to do so. Setup copies the DHCP server and tool files to your computer. 6. When Setup is complete, click Finish.

Configure a VPN with XP If you want to configure a VPN connection from a Windows XP client computer you only need what comes with the Operating System itself, it's all built right in. To set up a connection to a VPN, do the following: 1. On the computer that is running Windows XP, confirm that the connection to the Internet is correctly configured.

You can try to browse the internet Ping a known host on the Internet, like yahoo.com, something that isnt blocking ICMP 2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.

3.

In Control Panel, double click Network Connections

4.

Click Create a new connection in the Network Tasks task pad

5.

In the Network Connection Wizard, click Next.

6.

Click Connect to the network at my workplace, and then click Next.

7.

Click Virtual Private Network connection, and then click Next. 8. If you are prompted, you need to select whether you will use a dialup connection or if you have a dedicated connection to the Internet either via Cable, DSL, T1, Satellite, etc. Click Next.

9.

Type a host name, IP or any other description you would like to appear in

the Network Connections area. You can change this later if you want. Click Next.

10.

Type the host name or the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the computer that

you want to connect to, and then click Next. 11.You may be asked if you want to use a Smart Card or not.

12.

You are just about done, the rest of the screens just verify your connection,

click Next.

13.

Click to select the Add a shortcut to this connection to my desktop check

box if you want one, if not, then leave it unchecked and click finish. 14.You are now done making your connection, but by default, it may try to connect. You can either try the connection now if you know its valid, if not, then just close it down for now.

15.

In the Network Connections window, right-click the new connection and

select properties. Lets take a look at how you can customize this connection before its used. 16.The first tab you will see if the General Tab. This only covers the name of the connection, which you can also rename from the Network Connection dialog box by right clicking the connection and selecting to rename it. You can also configure a First connect, which means that Windows can connect the public network (like the Internet) before starting to attempt the VPN connection. This is a perfect example as to when you would have configured the dialup connection; this would have been the first thing that you would have to do. It's simple, you have to be connected to the Internet

first before you can encrypt and send data over it. This setting makes sure that this is a reality for you.

17.

The next tab is the Options Tab. It is The Options tab has a lot you can

configure in it. For one, you have the option to connect to a Windows Domain, if you select this check box (unchecked by default), then your VPN client will request Windows logon domain information while starting to work up the VPN connection. Also, you have options here for redialing. Redial attempts are configured here if you are using a dial up connection to get to the Internet. It is very handy to redial if the line is dropped as dropped lines are very common.

18.

The next tab is the Security Tab. This is where you would configure basic

security for the VPN client. This is where you would set any advanced IPSec configurations other security protocols as well as requiring encryption and credentials.

19.

The next tab is the Networking Tab. This is where you can select what

networking items are used by this VPN connection.

20.

The Last tab is the Advanced Tab. This is where you can configure options

for configuring a firewall, and/or sharing.

Connecting to Corporate Now that you have your XP VPN client all set up and ready, the next step is to attempt a connection to the Remote Access or VPN server set up at the corporate office. To use the connection follow these simple steps. To open the client again, go back to the Network Connections dialog box. 1. One you are in the Network Connection dialog box, double-click, or right click and select Connect from the menu this will initiate the connection to the corporate office.

2.

Type your user name and password, and then click Connect. Properties bring

you back to what we just discussed in this article, all the global settings for the VPN client you are using. 3. To disconnect from a VPN connection, right-click the icon for the connection, and then click Disconnect