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BRKNMS-3043
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Thanks to My Co-Author!
Many thanks to Hanlin Fang, Product Manager for IP SLA for her partnership in putting this presentation together!
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Prerequisites
Before attending this session, familiarities with Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (IP SLAs) is essential Configuration and generic features will not be covered Only new or advanced topics, as well as design recommendations will be covered
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Objectives
This session targets network performance measurement only
Understand the internals New features update Performance and scalability considerations How to get the most of IP SLAs Future and IP SLAs strategic vision
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This Is Not
An introduction to IP SLAs
Recommendations on QoS configuration A talk on backend network management applications A speculation on upcoming features A marketing document
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Agenda
Reminder
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Reminder
IP SLAs in an active probing and monitoring feature in Cisco IOS Wide protocol and applications coverage: UDP, TCP, ICMP, HTTP, DNS, DHCP, FTP
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Engine 2
Engine 3 IP SLAs
Feature Name:
CLI:
rtr
ip sla mon.
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ip sla
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TCP/IP
UDP Jitter
VoIP
UDP Jitter (+VoIP g711, g729) VoIP RTP (DSP required) VoIP H.323 and SIP Call Setup Delay VoIP H.323 and SIP Gatekeeper Delay
Network Service
HTTP
MPLS
LSP Ping
Video
Video Operation on 3K
Metro-Ethernet
Ethernet Echo (802.1ag)
UDP Echo
UDP Path Echo TCP Connect ICMP Echo ICMP Path Echo
DNS
DHCP FTP
LSP Trace
LSP AutoDiscovery and Auto-Schedule
Ethernet Jitter
Ethernet MEP VLAN Auto-Discovery and AutoScheduling
Y.1731 on 7600
ICMP Jitter
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Since 12.3(4)Talso with MOS and ICPIF score for voice clarity estimation.
This operation always requires IPSLA responder
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P2
ST2
i1
Receive packets
P1
ST1
P2 IP Core
RT2
i2
P1
IPSLA
RT1 Responder
RTx = receive tstamp for packet x.
Reflected packets
Reply to packets
P1
AT1
ATx = receive tstamp for packet x.
i4
P2
AT2
P1
RT1+d1
i3
P2
RT2+d2
Each packet contains STx, RTx, ATx, dx and the source can now calculate: JitterSD = (RT2-RT1)-(ST2-ST1) = i2-i1 JitterDS = (AT2-AT1)-((RT2+d2)-(RT1+d1)) = i4-i3
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Jitter CalculationBeware!
t=0
i1=20 ms
t=20
p2
lat = 55 ms
i1=20 ms
t=40
p3
lat = 50 ms
send
lat = 50 ms
p1
t=25
i2=15 ms p2
i2=25 ms p1
receive
p3
If you count positive and negative jitter, you are penalized twice. Counting only positive jitter is enough.
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Modified jitter operation reports both Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and Calculated Planning Impairment Factor (ICPIF)
Those results are estimates and should be used for comparison only and should not be interpreted as reflecting actual customer opinions
Supported Codecs:
G.711 A Law (g711alaw: 64 kbps PCM compression method) G.711 mu Law (g711ulaw: 64 kbps PCM compression method) G.729A (g729a: 8 kbps CS-ACELP compression method)
Note: this is not a real RTP voice stream, but it has the same characteristics. For real RTP stream generation, check IP SLAs VoIP RTP operation.
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ip sla 30 udp-jitter 192.1.3.2 16001 codec g729a ip sla group schedule 30 30-31 schedule-period 1 frequency range 40-60 start-time now life forever
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Is my network ready for 100 HD Desktop Cameras, 30 IPVSC and a new Telepresence room?
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Summary
IP SLAs is a Cisco IOS Feature
Active monitoring with synthetic operations sending additional traffic in the network.
Detailed results like availability, delay, loss, and jitter per direction and MOS score.
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Agenda
Reminder
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With IPSLA, this mechanism is implemented for both UDP Echo and UDP Jitter operations
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Sender
T5 T4
T3 Responder
Processing Delay on the Source: Tps = T 5-T4 Processing Delay on the Destination: Tpd = T 3-T2
Round Trip Time Delay: T = [] = T 2 - T1 + T 4 - T3
We have no control of queuing delay on the source and destination, but this is experienced by real traffic too, and must be accounted as such
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IPSLA Measurement
Cisco 7200 Cisco 7200
RouterTester Measurement
PacketStorm Impairment Generator
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Test Results
Release used: 12.3(7)T Advanced Enterprise on a Cisco 7200 VXR with NPE400 RouterTester and IPSLA sending packets at the same rate All results obtained for delay and jitter are in sync with Agilents result at 1 ms
Accuracy is preserved under CPU load, but spikes may happen during high-frequency interrupt events, like writing to NVRAM (write memory) Better accuracy is sometimes possible, but is dependant upon implementation details (hardware + IOS image + configuration).
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Summary
IP SLAs uses a special timestamping mechanism at interrupt level and its accuracy preserved even under high CPU load The absolute tested accuracy is 1 ms. In other words, when it says 35 ms, it could be somewhere between 34 ms and 36 ms.
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Agenda
Reminder
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Oper/ Second 4 8 12
2800
3845
3825
1841
3
6 8
3
5 7
1
2 3
2
3 4
1
1 2
0
1 2
2
3 5
3
4 6
16
20 24
800
1000 1200
960
1200 1440
10
13 15
9
11 13
4
4 5
5
6 8
2
3 4
2
3 4
7
8 10
8
10 11
28
32
1400
1600
1680
1920
18
20
14
16
6
7
9
10
4
5
4
5
12
14
13
15
36
40
1800
2000
2160
2400
23
24
18
20
8
9
11
12
5
6
6
6
16
17
17
18
44
48
2200
2400
2640
2880
27
29
21
21
10
11
14
15
7
7
7
8
19
21
20
22
52
56 60
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2800 3000
3120
3360 3600
32
34 36
22
22 23
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13 14
16
17 18
8
9 9
8
9 9
23
26 27
23
24 26
32
Each configuration being different, use those numbers with care: they are only an indication .
No SNMP polling were performed to gather the operation results .
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1921
Operations (Total) Operations/Second Packets Per Second Operations/Min CPU Usage 150 2.5 2500.0 150 ~59%
2921
225 3.75 3750.0 225 ~61%
3925
275 4.58 4583.3 275 ~43%
3945
400 6.7 6733.3 400 ~54%
3945E
900 15.0 15000.0 900 ~43%
Each configuration being different, use those numbers with care: they are only an indication .
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Summary
Under normal conditions and with reasonable targets, a performance issue with IP SLAs is unlikely Memory usage is reasonable, and should never be a problem on any platform. Compared to Engine 1, both performance and memory usage have been improved on IPSLA Engine 2 and 2+
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Agenda
Reminder
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Template-Based Configuration
ip sla auto template type ip udp-jitter my-jitter-template parameters request-data-size 64 num-packets 1000 ip sla auto endpoint-list type ip my-endpoint-list ip-address 10.0.0.2-3 port 5566
ip sla auto schedule my-master-scheduler frequency 45 start-time now ip sla auto group type ip my-ipsla-group schedule my-master-scheduler template udp-jitter my-jitter-template destination my-endpoint-list
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Auto Group Name: my-ipsla-group Template: my-jitter-template Number of Operations: 2 sno oper-id type n-rtts rtt avg-jitter packet (min/avg/max) (DS/SD) loss 1 1058464225 udp-jitter 732 1/1/5 ms 1/1 ms 0 2 1894530068 udp-jitter 3419 1/1/162 ms 1/1 ms 0
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and counter productive. Solution: Discover the QoS classes on the outgoing interface and automatically instantiate probes.
class-map voice-traffic match dscp EF
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172.17.0.5
spoke-3
30.30.30.2 10.10.10.2
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Registered endpoints
hub1#sh ip sla auto group Group Name: my-ipsla-group-auto Description: Activation Trigger: Immediate Destination: my-endpoint-list-auto Schedule: my-master-scheduler Measure Template: my-jitter-template(udp-jitter) IP SLAs auto-generated operations of group my-ipsla-group-auto sno oper-id type dest-ip-addr/port 1 1400050412 udp-jitter 10.10.10.2/5000 2 1584779241 udp-jitter 20.20.20.2/5000 3 1930415937 udp-jitter 30.30.30.2/5000
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VoIP Monitoring
Network Assessment
Trouble Shooting
Measurement Metrics
Latency Packet Loss Network Jitter Dist. of Stats Connectivity
Operations
Jitter FTP DNS DHCP DLSW ICMP UDP TCP HTTP LDP H.323 SIP RTP
Video
IP Server
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Fully integrated with IPSLA control and scheduling framework Extension to current IPSLA CLI and MIB interface to allow easy integration with NMS products
Switch D
Router B Switch A
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Router C
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New
IPSLA known in industry for jitter, ICMP, etc. probes Most probes measure experience without affecting user traffic (hopefully) Need traffic to stress test network
X
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPSLA VO provides Realistic representation of arbitrary video (RTP) traffic Packet sizes, burstiness, traffic rate, etc. pre-packaged profiles: IPTV, Video Surv, CTS Extensible via data file Custom profile generation from packet capture
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Pre-Deployment Planning
Objective
Enable clientless deployment and capacity planning - How many streams at bandwidth x at this time of day can we expect to support - What delay/loss impact does the addition of an extra stream at bandwidth X
Solution Value
Clientless pre-deployment and provisioning for network readiness assessment and traffic modeling
Remote Site
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ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#video ? Hostname or A.B.C.D Destination IP address or hostname ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#video 192.168.1.4 ? <1-65535> Port Number
ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#video 192.168.1.4 4336 ? source-ip Source address ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#video 192.168.1.4 4336 source-ip 192.168.1.3 ? source-port Source Port
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ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#$6 source-ip 192.168.1.3 source-port 3228 ? profile traffic profile type to be configured
ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#$p 192.168.1.3 source-port 3228 profile ? IPTV IP Television traffic (2.6 Mbps) IPVSC IP video surveillance camera traffic (2.2 Mbps) TELEPRESENCE Cisco Telepresence 1080P traffic (6.6Mbps)
ipsladev3750e-3(config-ip-sla)#$p 192.168.1.3 source-port 3228 profile IPVSC
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IPSLA operation id: 1 Type of operation: video Latest operation start time: 10:50:53 PST Fri Feb 25 2011 Latest operation return code: OK Packets: Sender Transmitted: 2034 Responder Received: 1994 Latency one-way time: Number of Latency one-way Samples: 1894 Source to Destination Latency one way Min/Avg/Max: 0/29/31 milliseconds NTP sync state: SYNC Inter Packet Delay Variation, RFC 5481 (IPDV): Number of SD IPDV Samples: 1847 Source to Destination IPDV Min/Avg/Max: 0/1/3 milliseconds Packet Loss Values: Loss Source to Destination: 60 Out Of Sequence: 33 Number of successes: 1 Number of failures: 0 Operation time to live: 3578 sec
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This will show both IP SLA debug and platform debug. Basic familiarity with IP SLA debug is expected 3K platform video debug will also be enabled
Responder Debug
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Other PEs are discovered using BGP next-hop, and operations configured accordingly.
Requires 12.2(27)SBC and later. New capability for Metro Ethernet on 7600: Y.1731
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Cisco IP SLA
IP and MPLS
IP SLA for Metro Ethernet: Echo Probe Jitter Probe
NEW 15.1(2)S
CFM
ETH-LM LMM Probe ETH-DM DMM Probe ETH-DM 1DM Probe
Y.1731
Embedded Policy Management
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Unsupported Features
Dual-ended loss measurement
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IP SLAs for Metro Ethernet Overview IP SLAs for Metro Ethernet and Y.1731 PM comparison
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Agenda
Reminder
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Reasonableless Test
Dont overdo it, your metrics must be:
Attainable Measurable
Relevant Controllable Mutually Acceptable
Use a limited but relevant number of indicators. Better is the enemy of good: good is good enough.
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Max. Jitter
VoIP
(land line quality)
1%
120 ms
30 ms
1%
200 ms
50 ms
2%
5s
N/A
(assuming the receive buffer is large enough)
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Confirmation of status
Historical reports
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VoIP
Minimize delay, packet loss, jitter
Availability
Connectivity testing
Requirement
IPSLAs Measurement
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0% 0% < 0.05%
for reference
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Class of Service
One operation instance to measure each class of service Same operation type for all classes Traffic coloring from within IP SLA with TOS/DSCP configuration
Bear in mind the corner case with locally generated and colored traffic on some distributed platforms Workaround is to use a Shadow Router
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If your PE is a distributed platform If you want to separate measurement from forwarding Upgrade freely for the latest and greatest IP SLA features without disturbing the traffic, then Use a shadow router (router dedicated to IPSLA)
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It can be connected to the PE via various methods: direct IP connection, tunnels, dot1q
CE
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How to Probe?
Full mesh
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Full Mesh
Nodes Operation
2
3
1
3
4 5 6
7
6 10 15
21
2 n
8
100
28
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CE PE
CE
Core
PE
PE
CE
Accurate: direct measurement from end-to-end, best user-perspective view Expensive: for n nodes, requires n(n-1)/2 operations In certain cases, it might be difficult to poll the results with SNMP on the CE
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Partial Mesh
London
Amsterdam San Jose
Full mesh is not always desirable, while partial mesh dramatically reduces the number of operations.
Measurement points can be based on traffic matrix, traffic importance For instance, try a coverage objective for 80% of the traffic
Raleigh
Paris
Brussels
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CE
CE
PE
Core
PE
PE
Easy: Total delay can be easily calculated by adding the measured delay along the path CE Flexible: You can split the measurement for Core Edge, and total
Measurements are less accurate, as each measurement carry its own error tolerance (typically 1 ms per measurement)
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(1 - n )]
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r1
1 = 0.05
r2
2 = 0.06
r3
3 = 0.12
r4
First solution (approximation): 0.05+0.06+0.12=0.23 (23%) Second solution (exact): 1-[(1-0.05)x(1-0.06)x(1-0.12)]=0.21416 (21.4%)
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3 ms
Short answer: No! This is not a valid approach to calculate total jitter based on measured jitter, because we dont know how to do it (jitter is not additive)
Too many factors: positive jitter, negative jitter, percentile-95 of jitter, average jitter,
Youd better measure it, not calculate it
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Summary
PE-PE, PE-CE or CE-CE, full-mesh or partial-mesh is all your decision! IPSLA can run on almost any existing Cisco router. When this is not possible/desirable then a shadow router is recommended Composite SLAs are a good idea while end-to-end jitter results are not required
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Agenda
Reminder
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Common Questions
How should I configure my operations to accurately measure jitter/delay/packet loss? How many packets should be sent per operation? How frequently? What percentage of by bandwidth should be dedicated for measurement?
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Spectrum of Test
This is the proportion of time during which the network is under test
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Spectrum of Test
This Event Was Missed
Delay
Time
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Spectrum of Test
Fault Is Detected
Delay
Time
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Number of Packets
The more packets sent:
The larger the population The more diluted are the results
At identical frequency, the longer the operation, and the wider the test spectrum. Example of result dilution with the same spectrum, but a bigger number of packets per operation.
Non-diluted:
Diluted:
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Frequency
The operation frequency, as well as operation duration, have a direct impact on the Spectrum of Coverage
Increasing the frequency will increase your spectrum of coverage, and increase the bandwidth consumed but will not change the accuracy
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Interval
The interval is the space between two consecutive probe packets
Long intervals (hundreds of ms) are for trends, and will lead to higher jitter results
Short intervals (low tens of ms) are for very precise measurement, limited in time; the jitter is expected to be smaller in that case
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Delay
Time
Jitter
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Delay
Time
Jitter
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Packet Size
The main effect of packet size is to modify the Serialization Delay
On fast links, this is negligible compared to the propagation delay, so the packet size has little or not effect but to consume bandwidth
Use small packets of fast links, like on core network
Use realistic packets for low-speed access links, where the serialization delay is a factor we need to count
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Summary
The Design Will Have to Accommodate Some Tradeoffs, You Can Choose Two Out of Three:
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Agenda
Reminder
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IP SLA Partners
Cisco Network Management Solutions
MPLS Diagnostics Engine (MDE) Performance Visibility Manager (PVM) MPLS Network Monitoring Network Performance
Partner
SolarWinds
Product
Orion VoIP Monitor
Strategy
SMB/ Mid-Market
InfoVista
Fluke (Crannog, Visual, +1) NetQoS
VistaView
Response Watch, Enterprise Monitor NetVoyant
SP / Enterprise
Enterprise Enterprise
CA
Wired City IBM/Proviso
E-Health
IT Monitor
SP / Enterprise
Industrial/Vertical SP
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Business Value
- Network Availability assessment, reduce deployment time - Deploy new applications and services with complete confidence
Proactive
Predictive
- End-2-end network performance Visibility - Network Health Awareness
Reactive
Operational Excellence
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PI 18
SLAs 4.0
IPv6* on Operations, Engines, MIBs, and APIs Feature Enhancements: autodest port, IP Addr based report, etc
PI 18
SLAs Responder 4.0
PI19
SLAs4.1
Responder on Linux OS Package Responder Licensing and User Guide
Y1731 Throughput
Define CLIs to enable ondemand throughput testing
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References
Cisco IOS IPSLA home page
http://www.cisco.com/go/ipsla
For questions related to Cisco IP SLAs that cannot be handled by the Technical Assistance Center (TAC), feel free to write an email to:
ask-ipsla@cisco.com
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Stay tuned. We have an ambitious roadmap for new features like better voice measurements, multicast, Ethernet OAM and were always listening your suggestions!
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Q&A
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Recommended Reading
ISBN 1-58705-198-2
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ISBN 0-12370-549-5
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(1 of 2)
BRKNMS-1942 Managing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) for Cloud Environment BRKNMS-2032 Rapid and Repeatable Service Delivery Through Automation BRKNMS-3021 Advanced Cisco IOS Device Instrumentation Tuesday: BRKNMS-1032 Network Management KPI's Introduction to Network Performance Measurement with Cisco IOS BRKNMS-1204 IP Service Level Agent BRKNMS-1532 Introduction to Accounting Principles with NetFlow and NBAR BRKNMS-2031 SYSLOG Design, Methodology and Best Practices
BRKNMS-2501 Enterprise QoS Deployment, Monitoring and Management
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Title
BRKNMS-2031 SYSLOG Design, Methodology and Best Practices BRKNMS-2035 Ten Cool LMS Tricks to Better Manage Your Network BRKNMS-2499 Operating and Managing Converged Enterprise Architectures
BRKNMS-2640 Advanced DHCP and DNS Deployments
Advanced Performance Measurement for Critical IP Traffic with BRKNMS-3043 Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements
Thursday: BRKNMS-2006 Energy Management BRKNMS-2030 Onboard Automation with Cisco IOS Embedded Event Manager BRKNMS-2658 Securely Managing Your Networks and SNMPv3 BRKNMS-3132 Advanced NetFlow BRKNMS-1035 The NOC at CiscoLive
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Thank you.
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