Course Lessons Lesson 1.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions The ordination of who was the true "father" of modern chemistry is a disputed po int. Lesson 2. Chemical Foundations In chemistry the accepted measurement system for mass (m) or volume (v) is the m etric system, also known as the System International (SI) system. Lesson 3. Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is the field of chemistry used to determine the quantities both fo r the required reactants of a chemical reaction and the predicted product of sai d reactions. Lesson 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Most chemical reactions require a catalyst, a certain condition external to the reactants themselves that facilitates or causes the molecules to react with one another. Lesson 5. Gases Matter in gaseous form does not have an absolute density. In order to determine the density of any volume of gas, we must first determine the pressure under whi ch the gas is being held. Lesson 6. Thermochemistry There are two types of energy, potential (the amount of energy possible given a certain circumstance) and kinetic (the amount of energy being expended). Lesson 7. Atomic Structure and Periodicity Electromagnetic radiation refers to the wavelengths on which energy travels thro ugh the Universe. Lesson 8. Bonding. General Concepts Hydrogen bonds are the bonds established between hydrogen and elements with a hi gh level of electronegativity. Lesson 9. Valence Bond Theory Atoms form a bond when both of these two conditions occur 1) There is an "orbita l overlap" between two atoms and 2) only two electrons, both of opposite spin, a re present in the overlap. Lesson 10. Properties and Solutions Solutions are a combination of solutes and solvents, which are not necessarily c omposed of the same forms of matter. Lesson 11. Chemical Kinetics Chemical kinetics is concerned with the rates of chemical reactions. Lesson 12. Chemical Equilibrium The first thing to understand about equilibrium in chemistry is that it is a dyn amic state. Lesson 13. Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy Spontaneous processes occur without outside intervention. Some of these occur ve ry quickly, such as combustion, whereas others like the formation of diamonds oc cur very slowly over millions if not billions of years. Lesson 14. The Nucleus, A Chemist's View The nucleus of an atom is not always stable. Lesson 15. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry Many transition metals commonly form more than one form of oxidized compound dep ending on the conditions of formation. Lesson 16. Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of carbon based chemistry in the realm of living things.