Problem 1

Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

At the bottom of the arc, we can set Spiderman's gravitational potential energy to zero. When he has gotten to the ledge He is no longer moving, so he has no kinetic energy. He has a higher gravitational potential energy. There are no springs, sounds, heat, crumpling or anything else. This means the work that is required by Spiderman is his change in energyin this case his gravitational potential energy.

The work done by gravity is negative the work done by Spiderman.

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Problem 2
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

One way to find a dot product is using

Using that here...

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Problem 3
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

The x interval over which we are supposed to find work is actually inconvenient. Because of this odd interval, it would probably be easiest just to find the equation of the line and integrate. The equation for this line is...

To find the work, we just integrate...

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We can actually do the same approach here, but the line is really boring.

This gives a work of...

This is now a bit more interesting line...

Finding the work is the same approach as before...

We don't even have to use calculus for this, we can use geometry to find the area under the curve.

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Problem 4
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

Because force increases uniformly with distance, this works just like a regular spring. The relationship between force and displacement for a spring is...

Solving for k...

To find the work, we just integrate the force over the displacement.

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Problem 5
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

To find work, we integrate the force over the distance.

In terms of the formula, nothing has changed. Now we are just evaluating the integral over a longer length.

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To find the percent difference between this answer and that of part (a)...

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Problem 6
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

We know the work and we know the displacement. Because force is a constant, the expression for work is...

We are told that the force applied in part (a) leads to a constant velocity (no acceleration). This means that the workers force perfectly balances with the frictional force. If he exerts a larger force, the forces don't balance anymore and the block will accelerate!

Also, if the force is smaller than that of part (a), the forces don't balance anymore. In this case though, the acceleration will lead to the
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balance anymore. In this case though, the acceleration will lead to the block slowing down and stopping.

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Problem 7
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

Here, the gravitational potential energy of the child can be written as...

Each of these parts just has a different value of .

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Problem 8
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

To find the force from a given potential, we can use the expression

These components can be put together to form the force vector.

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Problem 9
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

This is a standard conservation of energy problem. Because we are asked to find the height from where it was released, we can set the zero of gravitational potential energy at the release point. Then we will have complete conversion of spring energy at the beginning to gravitational potential energy at the end.

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Problem 10
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

In this problem, the potential energy of m1 will be converted to potential energy m2 and kinetic energy of m1 and m2.

Now we have a new system where we are only looking at m2. Because we would like to have the maximum height as measured from the table, let's use that as our reference point.
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table, let's use that as our reference point.

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Problem 11
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

One thing that we know from kinematics is that the x-component of velocity never changes. When the y-component of velocity goes to zero, we will still have a minimum kinetic energy.

The total kinetic energy at the start is

This means the maximum potential energy is...

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If we fire straight up, we can use this same expression, but we replace the .

In both of these systems, the mechanical energy is conserved. That means the initial kinetic energy is the mechanical energy at every point in time later (or at least until it hits the ground). This includes the highest point.

This is true regardless of angle so it will be true for both of these cannonballs.

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Problem 12
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:37 AM

Change in kinetic energy is easy to calculate because at the end it is no longer moving.

If we set the initial height as our reference, the change in height is...

This means the change in potential energy is...

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Initially in this problem, we have kinetic energy. Some of this energy is converted to potential and some is lost to heat through friction.

Solving for the friction force, we get...

From the free-body diagram, we know that the force of friction will be...

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Problem 13
Thursday, May 24, 2012 10:38 AM

The energy-efficient bulb has a cost consisting of bulb and energy over its lifetime.

We will need a lot of conventional bulbs to handle this same time.

The cost of these bulbs are...

The total cost of operating the conventional bulb over the same time period is the cost of the bulbs plus the cost of the energy.

In this problem, t/t2 is 13.3. Because this isn't an integer number, this means we will need 14 bulbs. The cost savings is...

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If South Carolina wants to use conventional bulbs, they can go right ahead.

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