Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
The most complete information about a distribution is obtained when all three measures of central tendency are reported. Each provides different kind of information that the teacher may need to better understand class performance. Measures of Central Tendency summarize the average or typical performance of the class as a whole. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION SYMMETRICAL LOWER HALF OF THE DISTRIBUTION MIRRORS THE UPPER HALF Figure 1 Mean, median and mode will coincide Median will lie between the mean and the mode Mean, Median and Mode in a MEAN = MEDIAN = MODE Symmetrical Distribution SCORES 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FREQUENCY 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Scores
SKEWED SCORES ARE PILED UP AT EITHER THE HIGH OR THE LOW END OF DISTRIBUTION, AND THERE IS A TAIL AT THE OTHER END. Tail determines whether the distribution is positively skewed or negatively skewed Figure 2 Positively skewed tail is pointed towards the high end Mean, Median and Mode in a MEAN > MEADIAN > MODE
Symmetrical Distribution
SCORES 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
FREQUENCY 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 7
Frequency
Frequency 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tail
Scores
Negatively skewed tail is pointed towards the low end MEAN < MEADIAN < MODE FREQUENCY 7 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 0
Mean, Median and Mode in a Symmetrical Distribution
Figure 3
SCORES 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Frequency
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
tail
USE THE MEAN UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: Scores If sampling is important If other statistics require or call for a mean If there are no extreme scores in the distribution or if the teacher wants the extreme scores to play a significant role in determining central tendency USE THE MEDIAN UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: If distributions contain extreme scores, whose effects the teacher wants to minimize. If the data exist only as ranks. If a rapid measure of central tendency is required. USE THE MODE UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: If the most typical value is desired. If central tendency must be estimated quickly
Solutions to Figure 1 SCORE S 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FREQUENCY fx 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 n=25 Solutions to Figure 2 SCORES 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FREQUENCY fx 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 n=25 Solutions to Figure 3 SCORES 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FREQUENCY fx 7 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 63 40 28 18 10 8 3 2 Mode = 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 (9 9 9 9 9 9 9) =6.88 Median = 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 (7)8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Mean = _fx_ n =__172__ 25 0 8 7 12 10 12 12 10 7 fx=78 Mode = (1 1 1 1 1 1 1)2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 =3.12 Median = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 (3) 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 Mean = _fx_ n =__78__ 25 9 16 21 24 25 16 9 4 1 fx =125 Mode = 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 (5 5 5 5 5) 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 =5 Median = 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 (5) 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 Mean = _fx_ n =__125__ 25
0 n=25 fx=172
A Report in
entitled
To be reported by:
To be submitted to:
September 2012