OBJECTIVE To determine how speed, efficiency, stator current, torque and slip vary with the load on induction

motor The apparatus used in this experiment and their range/rates are as shown in the table below: 1 2 3 4 5 EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENT 1 Ammeter 2 Voltmeters 1 3-phase Wattmeter 1 3 induction motor RANGE/RATING 0-5A 0-300V 0-2500W,5a,m.f(*20) 22kW,415v,4.1A,140 0rpm 1500 rpm

6 Connecting wires 7 Star/Delta Starter 8 Stroboscope

9 Prony Brake

THEORY In a three-phase induction motor, the magnetic field actually rotates which has the advantage that no electrical connection needs to be made to the rotor. The magnetic field is constant in magnitude and speed (synchronous speed). The synchronous speed is evaluated: Ns= 60f/p The speed of rotation of the rotor can never be equal to the speed of rotating flux since when this happens, the conductors would be stationary relative to rotating flux, there would be no e.m.f. and current in the rotor conductor and therefore no torque on the rotor, this causes the rotor speed to fall. The speed of the rotor relative to that of rotating flux (synchronous speed) is called slip. It is evaluated: Slip (S) =Synchronous speed Rotating speed/Synchronous speed. Ns-Nr/Ns (rev/min) No-load test: In this test the motor is run without any external mechanical load on it. The speed of the rotor is not synchronous but very close to it as already mentioned above. Balanced voltages are applied to the stator terminals at the rated frequency with the rotor uncoupled from any mechanical load. Current, voltage and power are measured at the motor input. The losses in the no-load test are those due to core losses,

winding losses, windage and friction. Given that the rotor current is negligible under no load conditions, the rotor copper losses are also negligible. Load test: The input to the motor is measured by the 2_wattmeter method. From the values of the tension on the two sides of the brake belt, the output can be calculated and the power factor obtained. During this test the motor is loaded by a belt or rope brake on a water cooled pulley mounted on the shaft. The amount of load is adjusted by tightening the belt or rope. Sometimes an eddy current brake or a calibrated air fan is also used. The input to the motor is measured by measuring the supply V and the input I. If W1 and W2 are tensions in kilograms on the tight and slack side of the brake belt, r-is the radius of the pulley in meters and N-speed in rev/min Then; T=(T1-T2)r Newtons Where, T1=Tension in kg on tight side of the pulley. T2=Tension in kg on the loose side of the pulley. r=Radius of the pulley in meters Output power=Tw (watts) where, w=angular speed=2N/60, N being speed in r.p.m. Efficiency= Power output/Power input

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A W1 V IM

3 PHASE SUPLY A-Ammeter W-wattmeter v-voltmeter Star/delta starter

W2

PROCEDURE Having made all the necessary connections, the belt was kept on the motor. The supply was switched on and the starter was operated so as to start the motor. At this point the motor was running on no load with full voltage applied. The readings of the line current, power input line voltage and speed of the motor were recorded A load was put on the motor in intervals by tightening the belt and for each interval a record of the readings, as above, and also tension on the spring balances was made. The last reading was made at full load when the line currents was equal to that indicated on the motor name plate Various quantities like line current drawn by the motor, power input, torque, speed, slip and efficiency were plotted to a base of output power or load of the induction motor RESULTS
LOAD 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 I(a) POWER INPUT Voltage N(rpm) 1.6 200 400 1.8 600 400 1.95 800 400 2.1 1000 400 2.4 1200 400 2.6 1400 400 2.85 1600 400 2.95 1700 400 3.2 1800 400 3.5 2010 400 4 2400 400 4.2 2700 400 OUTPUT POWER 1500 1440 1430 1425 1412 1400 1400 1388.5 1380 1375 1375 1367 EFFICIENCY(%) 75 37.5 216 36 286 35.75 356.25 35.625 423.6 35.3 490 35 560 35 590.1125 34.7125 621 34.5 690.9375 34.375 825 34.375 922.725 34.175

The derived quantities are

1.Output Power.

P=N*W/4000 the resultant figures were tabulated as above. 2.Efficiency. The efficiency was calculated as a ratio of the power in to the power in.

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 75 286 423.6 560 621 825 LOAD I(a) EFFICIENCY(%)

3000

2500

2000 POWER INPUT N(rpm) Column G

1500

1000

500

0 75 286 423.6 560 621 825

ANALYSIS Synchronous speed of the motor is given by,

Substituting for f and p we have: (60*50)/2=1500 rpm

CONCLUSION From the results we can conclude that the torque, line current, power input and out put and slip all increase with increase in load where as speed reduces with increase in load. Given any induction motor, the higher the speed of motor rotation, the lower is the speed of the rotating e.m.f. relative to the rotor winding hence e.m.f produced is small. Poly-phase currents in the stator winding produce a resultant magnetic field rotating in the direction of rotor rotation. The axis of the resultant rotor m.m.f. is travelling at the same speed as that of the resultant stator field m.m.f. so that they are stationary relative to each other. This type of induction (poly-phase induction) can thus be regarded as a transformer having an air gap between its primary and secondary windings. Owing to the air gap the magnetic leakage of a 3- inductor are large compared with the corresponding values for a transformer of the same rating. The stator field e.m.f. has to balance the rotor field m.m.f. and also provide the

magnetizing and no-load loss components of the stator current. Hence the increase in slip due to increase of a load is accompanied by an increase of the rotor currents and therefore by a corresponding increase of stator currents. The line currents thus increases with increase in the load which can be seen from the results obtained and the trend of the graph of line current against the load on the induction motor.

REFERENCES
A Text Book Of Electrical Technology- BL Theraja Lecturers NOTES Electrical Technology, Sixth Edition- Edward Hughes