Response of First Order Systems to Sinusoidal

Input

1/29/2006

BAE 5413

First Order System - Sinusoidal Input

Consider the following first order system:
G ( s) =

O( s)
1
=
I ( s ) s + 1

Determine the response of the system if input is a sinusoidal:

I (t ) = A sin(t )

Which may be transformed to:

I ( s) =

A
s2 + 2

the system response, O(s), is then:

O( s ) =

1
( s + )( s 2 + 2 )

a
s+

b
c
+
s + i s i

Solving then for a,b, and c:

1/29/2006

BAE 5413

First Order System - Sinusoidal Input

To solve for a, multiply by s + 1/ , and let s = -1/
A
1

+2

=a=

A
1 + 2 2

To solve for b, multiply by s + i, and let s = -i

A

1
(i + )(i i )

2i 2 2

2i

A
i 2 2i
2

A
A
( i )
2 i = 2
b=
+ i i
2 2 + 1

1/29/2006

BAE 5413

First Order System - Sinusoidal Input

c will be the complex conjugate of b and is:
A
( + i )
c = 22 2
+1

Using the solution in the S&C for a sinusoidal function, the

solution becomes:
B iC
1 B + iC
2
2 rt
L
=
2
B
+
C
e sin (t + )

s r i s r + i
A ,r = 0
C
A
1

B
=
2 2
Where: = tan C = 2 2
+ 1 2
B
+ 1 2
1

( )

A 1 2 2

2 2 2 + 1 e 0t sin (t + )
+ 1 2
1/29/2006

BAE 5413

= tan 1 ( )
4

First Order System - Sinusoidal Input

The complete solution is then:
t

A
A

sin (t + )
O(t ) = 2 2
e +

2
2
+1
+1

It is important to note that the solution is made-up of a transient

(the first term) and a non-transient part (the second term).
Consider simply substuting for s in the original transfer
function and solving for G (i ) G (i )
G (i ) =

i + 1

G (i ) =

i + 1

i 1
i 1
1 i
=

=
i 2 2 2 1
2 2 + 1 2 2 + 1

1
1

G (i ) = Im(G (i )) + Re(G (i )) = 2 2 + 2 2 =
+1 +1
2 2 + 1
Im(G (i ))
= tan 1 ( )
G (i ) = tan 1
Note, this gives us the
Re(
G
(
i
))

non-transient solution

1/29/2006

BAE 5413

Plotting Frequency response

G (i ) =

2 2 + 1
G (i ) = tan 1 ( )

20log(G(i ))
G(i )

1
0
0.01/
1
0
0.1/
0.7071
-3
1/
0.1
-20
10/
0.01
-40
100/

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BAE 5413

0.5729
5.7106
45
84.289
89.427

Plotting Frequency response

Magnitude Ratio (db)

0.01

Frequency/ ( / )
0.1
1
10

100

0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40

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BAE 5413

Plotting Frequency response

/)
Frequency/ (
0.01

0.1

10

100

Phase Lag (degrees)

0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
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BAE 5413

Adding terms of Frequency Response

G1 (i )

G2 (i )

20 log( G1 (i ) G2 (i ) ) = 20 log( G1 (i ) ) + 20 log( G2 (i ) )

G1 (i )G2 (i ) = G1 (i ) + G2 (i )

We can simply add terms on the Bode Magnitude plot

and on the Bode Phase plot to get total response

1/29/2006

BAE 5413