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Understanding Fallacies
Fallacies of Logos Hasty Generalization Part for the Whole Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc Circular Reasoning False Dilemma Fallacies of Pathos Slippery Slope Argument to the People False Analogy Appeal to Ignorance Loaded Label Bandwagon Appeal to Pity Red Herring
Appealing to the fundamental beliefs, biases, and prejudices of an audience to sway opinion
Appeal to Ignorance
A lack of evidence is not evidence.
Persuading audience to accept a claim as true that hasnt been proven false Persuading audience to accept a claim as false because it hasnt been proven true
Bandwagon
Arguments are not valid just because they are popular.
Appeal to Pity
Appeals to audiences sympathetic feelings to support a claim that should be decided objectively
Red Herring
Raising an irrelevant point to divert audience attention from the original issue
Named for a stinky fish that is used to throw dogs off a scent they should be tracking
Ad Hominem
Poisoning the Well Godwins Law or the reductio ad Hitlerum Attacking the opponent, rather than the opponents argument
Straw Man
Oversimplifying an opponents argument to make it easier to refute or ridicule
Hasty Generalization
Making a broad generalization on too little evidence
I did my math homework and got sick the next morning; therefore, math makes me sick.
Circular Reasoning
False Dilemma
Oversimplifying a complex issue so that only two choices appear possible
Its my way or the highway.
Slippery Slope
Asserting that one action will inevitably lead to other undesirable actions
False Analogy
Comparing two things that are not really similar
Vegetables are healthy because they come from the earth. Poison ivy also comes from the earth, so its really harmless.
Loaded Label
Using terms with positive or negative connotations within a definition to sway an audience
Pharmaceuticals can help the mentally unstable. vs. Drugs are for psychopaths.