MATH 2613 Elementary Differential Equations Homework 1

1. Verify that ln cos 0 y x x y + = is a solution to the differential equation given by

( ) cos ln sin 0
y
y dx x x y dy
x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
. Use the equation to determine y when 1 x = .

| | | |
( )
( )
ln cos 0
ln cos sin 0
cos ln sin 0
cos ln sin 0
d d
y x x y
dx dx
dy y dy
x y x y
dx x dx
y dy
y x x y
x dx
y
y dx x x y dy
x
+ =
+ + =
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

Since the two equations are the same, the solution satisfies the differential equation.
And, when 1 x = , we have

( ) ( )
( )
ln 1 1 cos 0
2 1
cos 0 ,
2
y y
n
y y n
t
+ =
+
= = e

2. Graph the direction fields associated with (a) the linear equation sin y y x ' = and
(b) the nonlinear equation
sin x
y
y
' = .
(a) sin y y x ' = (b)
sin x
y
y
' =

2 1 0 1 2
2
1
0
1
2
2 1 0 1 2
2
1
0
1
2


3. Solve the given initial-value problem. Determine an appropriate interval for the
solution.


( )
ln
0
dy y
dx y
y e

Begin by separating and integrating the function:

( )
2
2
ln
ln 1
ln
1
2
1
ln
2
dy y
dx y
y
dy dx u y du dy
y y
u du dx
u x c
y x c
=
= = =
=
= +
= +
} }
} }

Now, using the initial conditions, solve for the unknown constant:

( )
( )
2
2
1
ln 0
2
1 1
1
2 2
e c
c c
= +
= =

Therefore, the solution is given by

( )
( )
2
2
2 1
1 1
ln
2 2
ln 2 1
ln 2 1
x
y x
y x
y x
y e
+
= +
= +
= +
=








4. Solve
2
2
2
1
dy x
y x
dx x
=
+
.
Using linear techniques with ( )
2
2
1
x
P x
x
=
+
, we have

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
2
2
ln 1
2
1
2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
1
2
1 2 2
2 1
1 1
1 2
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
tan
1
tan 1 1
x
dx
x
x
dy x
y x x e e
dx x x
dy x x
y
x dx x
x
d
y dx
dx x x
y x x c
x
y x x x c x

| |

+
|
\ . +

}
= = = =
+ +
=
+ +
+
( | |
=
|
(
+ +
\ .
= +
+
= + + +
} }














5. Air containing 0.06% carbon dioxide is pumped into a room whose volume is
3
8000ft . The air is pumped in at a rate of
3
ft
2000
min
, and the circulated air is then
pumped out at the same rate. If there is an initial concentration of 0.2%carbon
dioxide in the room, determine the subsequent amount in the room at time t . What
is the concentration of carbon dioxide at 10minutes? What is the steady-state, or
equilibrium, concentration of carbon dioxide?
Looking at the given information, we know

( )
( )
3 3
2000ft min 0.06% 8000ft
0 0.2%
i o i
r r c V t
c
= = = =
=

Substituting into the known equation for mixture problems, we have

( )
( )
( )
1 1
4 4
1 1 1
4 4 4
1 1
4 4
1 1
4 4
1
4
2000 0.0006 2000
8000
1.2
4
1
1.2
4
1
1.2
4
1.2
4.8
4.8
i i o o
dt t
t t t
t t
t t
t
dA
rc r c
dt
A t
dA
dt
dA A
dt
dA
A t e e
dt
dA
e e A e
dt
d
e A e
dt
e A e c
A ce

=
| |
=
|
\ .
=
}
+ = = =
+ =
(
=
(

= +
= +
} }

Using the initial conditions, we know

( )
( )
( )
( )
0
0
0
0.2% 8000 16
A
c
V
=
=



Substituting into the given equation, we have

0
16 4.8
11.2
ce
c
= +
=

Thus, the model is given by
1
4
4.8 11.2
t
A e

= + .
Using the model, we have a concentration at 10 minutes of
( )
( )
( )
1
10
4
10
4.8 11.2
10 0.00071492 0.07%
8000 8000
A
e
c

+
= = = ~
The steady-state, or equilibrium, condition will occur when the concentration hits a
limiting value. So, we have

( )
( )
1
4
1
4
lim lim
8000
4.8 11.2
lim
8000
lim .0006 0.0014
.0006 0
0.06%
t t
t
t
t
t
A t
c t
e
e

=
+
=
(
= +
(

= +
=