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QUESTIONS ABOUT COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

NAMA : MOHD TAUFIQ BIN JUMAT NO MATRIX : BA12110232 SUBJEK : EB00403 PENYELENGARAAN KOMPUTER DAN RANGKAIAN

MOHD TAUFIQ BIN JUMAT BA12110232

SOFTWARE

1. 32-BIT VS 64-BIT ( COMPARE ) More bits means that data can be processed in larger chunks which also means more accurately and our system can point to or address a larger number of locations in physical memory. The general rule is that 32-bit will run on a lower level 64-bit component but 64-bit does not run on a lower level 32-bit component: - A 32-bit OS will run on a 32-bit or 64-bit processor without any problem. - A 32-bit application will run on a 32-bit or 64-bit OS without any problem. - 64-bit application will only run on a 64-bit OS and a 64-bit OS will only run on a 64bit processor. 2. What is operating system ? The operating system ( OS ) is a vital component of the system software in a computer system that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. 5 type of OS is realtime, multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed and embedded. 3. Linux VS Unix ( compare ) Linux is a Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS). It is free but support is available for a price. Unix is very popular in universities, companies, big enterprises etc. Some free for development use (Solaris) but support is available for a price.

4. Linux, windows and OS x ( compare ) Linux is a open source and almost everything is free. Windows is know for its user friendliness, large hardware support, and the large amount of software available for it but it is also a close source and is very well know

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for some of the greatest computer headaches in existance: viruses, spyware, malware, gradual performance decay, and the BSOD (Blue Screen of Death). OS X is a very appealing interface with many programs that integrate tightly into the system. It only can run on system built by Apple and it mainly closed source.

5. What is Antivirus ? Antivirus is software used to prevent, detect and remove malware, such as computer viruses, adware, backdoors, malicious BHOs, dialers, fraudtools, hijackers, keyloggers, malicious LSPs, rootkits, spyware, trojan horses and worms.

6. What is Malware ? Malware is software used or created to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active content, and other software. It includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, adware, and other malicious programs.

7. What is Trojan ? Trojan is a type of malware that masquerades as a legitimate file or helpful program possibly with the purpose of granting a hacker unauthorized access to a computer may steal information, or harm their host computer systems. It also do not attempt to inject themselves into other files like a computer virus.

8. What is Rootkit ? A rootkit is a stealthy type of software and it designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs from normal methods of detection and enable continued privileged access to a computer.

9. What is False Positive ?

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A false positive occurs when an antivirus program detects a known virus string in an uninfected file and when a program performs an action, which appears to the antivirus program to be a virus-like activity. False detections, once confirmed, are usually corrected as soon as possible.

10. What is Service Pack ? service pack (SP) is a Windows update, often combining previously released updates, that helps make Windows more reliable and it is free. It can include security and performance improvements and support for new types of hardware.

11. What is Partition ? Partition is to divide memory or mass storage into isolated sections and it useful if u want to run more than one operating system but it can result in wasted disk space.

12. What is Encryption dan Decryption ? encryption is the process of transforming information using an algorithm to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. Decryption is a reverse process of encryption.

HARDWARE
13. CRT VS LCD ( compare ) LCD Much slimmer than CRT Very light Low power usage Emit a very small amount of radiation Expensive Not ideal for standard definition video but great for high definition videos

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CRT Bulky, the back size is proportionate to a size of monitor Heavier High power usage emit electromagnetic radiation. Much of it is filtered by the lead heavy glass front and the rest that reaches your eyes are mostly harmless. Affordable and cheaper Ideal for any video including HD

14. What is BIOS ? The BIOS is the first code run by a PC when powered on and the first job for the BIOS is the power-on self-test, such as the CPU, RAM, video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk drive, optical disc drive and other hardware. It is specifically designed to work with each particular model of computer, interfacing with various devices that make up the complementary chipset of the system.

15. What is Wireless Bridge ? A wireless bridge is a hardware component used to connect two or more network segments which are separated. Many wireless offer either a "bridge" or a "repeater" mode, which perform a similar common function.

16. What is Router ? A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork. connected to two or more data lines from different networks and when a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.

17. What is Modem ?

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A modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information and can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data.

18. What is Switch ? Switch is a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.

19. What is Motherboard ? motherboard is a printed circuit board (PCB) found in all modern computers which holds many of the crucial components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

20. What is RJ45 ? RJ45 (Registered Jack 45) is a standard type of connector for network cables and are most commonly seen with Ethernet cables and networks. RJ45 connectors feature eight pins to which the wire strands of a cable interface electrically. Standard RJ-45 pin outs define the arrangement of the individual wires needed when attaching connectors to a cable.

21. What is Core ? Core is main storage or RAM. Dates from the days of ferrite-core memory, now archaic as tech speak most places outside IBM, but also still used in the Unix community and by old-time hackers or those who would sound like them.

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22. Intel vs AMD ( compare ) Intel Cheaper than AMD in general - there are several families available and you need to be careful which you choose. intel has general less power usage Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets. More expensive challenging Intel with a set of Intel-compatible microprocessors.

23. What is Graphic Card ? A graphic card is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display and offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).

24. What is RAM Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A randomaccess device allows stored data to be accessed in very nearly the same amount of time for any storage location, so data can be accessed quickly in any random order. In contrast, other data storage media such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape, as well as early primary memory types such as drum memory, read and write data only in a predetermined order, consecutively, because of mechanical design limitations. Therefore the time to access a given data location varies significantly depending on its physical location.

25. What is Hard Disk ?

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A hard disk drive ( HDD ) is a non-volatile, random-access, magnetic data storage device. An HDD consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic material. Magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm read and write data to the surfaces. The read-write heads are supported on a thin layer of air inside the enclosed disk unit with only tiny gaps between the heads and the disk surface. HDD capacity is specified in multiples of 1000 - a 1-terabyte (TB) drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB, 1 billion bytes). However, due to system usage and reporting not all of the specified storage is ever available for user storage.

26. What is Heat Sink ? heat sink is a passive component that cools a device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air. Heat sinks are used to cool electronic components such as highpower semiconductor devices, and optoelectronic devices such as higher-power lasers and light emitting diodes (LEDs). A heat sink is designed to increase the surface area in contact with the cooling medium surrounding it, such as the air.

27. What is LAN ? local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media. A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files, printers, games or other applications. A LAN in turn often connects to other LANs, and to the Internet or other WAN. Most local area networks are built with relatively inexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network adapters, and hubs.

28. What is WAN ? A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area using private or public network transports. Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical

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locations. WANs often connect multiple smaller networks, such as local area networks (LANs) or metro area networks (MANs).

29. What is UTP ? Unshielded twisted pair(UTP) is a popular type of cable that consists of two unshielded wires twisted around each other. Due to its low cost, UTP cabling is used extensively for local-area networks (LANs) and telephone connections. UTP cabling does not offer as high bandwidth or as good protection from interference as coaxial or fiber optic cables, but it is less expensive and easier to work with.

30. What is CAT6e ? Category 6 cable(CAT6e) is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the Category 5e and Category 3 cable standards. Cat 6e are more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise. The cable standard provides performance of up to 250 MHz and is suitable for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet), 1000BASE-T/1000BASE-TX (Gigabit Ethernet) and 10GBASE-T (10-Gigabit Ethernet).

31. What is CAT5e ? Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for carrying signals and used in structured cabling for computer networks such as Ethernet. The cable standard provides performance of up to 100 MHz and is suitable for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet), and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet). Cat 5 is also used to carry other signals such as telephony and video. In some cases, multiple signals can be carried on a single cable.

32. What is Twisted Cable ? Twisted pair cable known as the 25-pair color code is a color code used to identify individual conductors in a kind of electrical telecommunication wiring for indoor use.

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The colors are applied to the insulation that covers each conductor. The first color is chosen from one group of five colors and the other from a second group of five colors, giving 25 combinations of two colors.

33. What is Straight Cable ? Straight cable is used to connect dissimilar devices, like a router to a computer.

34. What is Wi-Fi ? Wi-Fi is a technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. A device that can use Wi-Fi can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Also spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas can host wireless LANs. Manufacturers are building wireless network adapters into most laptops. The

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price of chipsets for Wi-Fi continues to drop. Wi-Fi Protected Access encryption (WPA2) is considered secure, provided a strong passphrase is used.

35. What is Server ? server is a physical computer dedicated to running one or more services to serve the needs of the users of other computers on the network. Depending on the computing service that it offers it could be a database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, gaming server, or some other kind of server.

36. What is Access Point ? Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are specially configured nodes on wireless local area networks (WLANs). Access points act as a central transmitter and receiver of WLAN radio signals. Access points used in home or small business networks are generally small, dedicated hardware devices featuring a built-in network adapter, antenna, and radio transmitter.

37. What is Internet Protocol ? Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary network protocol used on the Internet and often used together with the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and referred to interchangeably as TCP/IP. IP supports unique addressing for computers on a network. Most networks use the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) standard that features IP addresses four bytes (32 bits) in length. The newer Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) standard features addresses 16 bytes (128 bits) in length.

38. What is Gateway ? A gateway is a node that allows you to gain entrance into a network and vice versa. A computer that controls the traffic your network or your ISP (Internet Service

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Provider) receives is a node. When a computer server serves as a Gateway node, the gateway node also operates as a firewall and a proxy server.

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